中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (17): 3365-3379.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.17.009
王巧娟1,2(),何虹1,2,李亮1,2,张超3(),蔡焕杰1,2()
收稿日期:
2021-07-29
接受日期:
2021-09-15
出版日期:
2022-09-01
发布日期:
2022-09-07
通讯作者:
张超,蔡焕杰
作者简介:
王巧娟,Tel:13369594179;E-mail: 基金资助:
WANG QiaoJuan1,2(),HE Hong1,2,LI Liang1,2,ZHANG Chao3(),CAI HuanJie1,2()
Received:
2021-07-29
Accepted:
2021-09-15
Online:
2022-09-01
Published:
2022-09-07
Contact:
Chao ZHANG,HuanJie CAI
摘要:
【目的】 探究AquaCrop模型在关中地区的适用性,寻求大豆在不同降水年型下最适宜的灌溉制度。【方法】 用田间试验实测数据对该模型进行校正,并用校准后的模型模拟1961—2019年内所有3种不同降水年型14种灌溉制度下的大豆产量和水分利用效率。【结果】 AquaCrop模型模拟田间产量最高处理的冠层覆盖度的决定系数(R 2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、标准均方根误差(NRMSE)及Nash效率系数(EF)分别为0.96、7.15%、11.03%和0.94;模拟值与实测值生物量的决定系数(R 2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、标准均方根误差(NRMSE)及Nash效率系数(EF)分别为0.99、526.04 kg·hm-2、14.45%和0.97;最终产量模拟的决定系数(R 2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、标准均方根误差(NRMSE)及Nash效率系数(EF)分别为0.97、49.98 kg·hm-2、1.74%和0.82,各处理的冠层覆盖度和生物量实测值与模拟值的R 2均大于0.95,说明AquaCrop模型可以较好地模拟关中地区大豆的生长发育动态与产量。结合模型模拟结果可知,大豆作物需水量平均值为398.2 mm,各个生育时期的需水量差异较大,分枝期需水量为127.8 mm,开花-结荚期需水量为212.6 mm,鼓粒期的需水量为57.7 mm。结合对3种不同降水年型进行不同灌溉制度模拟后发现,大豆开花-结荚期为需水关键期,该生育时期水分供应情况影响大豆的最终产量。在湿润年可以不灌水;平水年和干旱年仅在开花-结荚期分别灌溉45和70 mm可实现最高产量(2 699、2 486 kg·hm-2)和最大水分利用效率(0.74、0.7 kg·m-3)。【结论】 该地区大豆灌溉制度,应以不同降水年型分布情况为基础对大豆灌溉制度进行选择,可保证大豆具有较高的产量和水分利用效率,可作为关中地区大豆灌溉制度的参考依据。
王巧娟,何虹,李亮,张超,蔡焕杰. 基于AquaCrop模型的大豆灌溉制度优化研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(17): 3365-3379.
WANG QiaoJuan,HE Hong,LI Liang,ZHANG Chao,CAI HuanJie. Research on Soybean Irrigation Schedule Based on AquaCrop Model[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3365-3379.
表1
土壤物理性质"
土壤深度 Soil depth (cm) | 黏粒 Clay (%) | 粉粒 Silt (%) | 砂粒 Sand (%) | 凋萎含水量 Wilting point (cm3·cm-3) | 饱和含水量 Saturation (cm3·cm-3) | 田间持水量 Field capacity (cm3·cm-3) | 土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 26.12 | 40.00 | 33.88 | 11.00 | 32.00 | 31.00 | 1.30 |
20-40 | 27.33 | 41.25 | 31.42 | 11.00 | 38.20 | 31.10 | 1.41 |
40-60 | 28.20 | 42.40 | 29.40 | 11.00 | 38.60 | 31.20 | 1.45 |
60-80 | 26.10 | 41.83 | 32.07 | 13.00 | 39.00 | 31.00 | 1.52 |
80-100 | 26.12 | 41.85 | 32.03 | 13.00 | 39.00 | 33.00 | 1.55 |
表2
AquaCrop 模型大豆校准参数"
符号Symbol | 定义 Definition | 取值 Value | 单位 Unit |
---|---|---|---|
Tbase | 基底温度 Base temperature | 5 | ℃ |
Tupper | 上限温度 Upper temperature | 40 | ℃ |
CGC | 冠层增长系数 Canopy growth coefficient | 0.11000 | ℃·d-1 |
CCx | 最大冠层覆盖度 Maximum canopy cover | 96 | % |
CDC | 冠层衰减系数 Canopy decline coefficient | 0.015 | ℃·d-1 |
Zmin | 最小有效生根深度 Minimum effective rooting depth | 0.3 | m |
Zx | 最大有效生根深度 Maxmum effective rooting depth | 1.2 | m |
Rexshp | 根区膨胀的形状因子 Shape factor for root zone expansion | 1.5 | m |
Kcb | 作物系数 Crop coefficient | ||
KcTrx | 作物蒸腾系数 Crop coefficient for transpiration | 1.05 | - |
WP* | 标准水分生产力 Water productivity normalized for ET0 and CO2 | 12 | g·m-2 |
HI0 | 参考收获参数 Reference harvest index | 38 | % |
Pexp,upper | 限制冠层伸展的土壤水分消耗上限阈值 Soil water depletion threshold for canopy expansion-Upper threshold | 0.15 | - |
Pexp,lower | 限制冠层伸展的土壤水分消耗下限阈值 Soil water depletion threshold for canopy expansion-Lower threshold | 0.65 | - |
Pexp,shp | 限制冠层伸展的水分胁迫系数曲线的形状因子 Shape factor for coefficient for canopy expansion | 2.5 | - |
Psto,upper | 气孔控制土壤水分耗竭阈值上限阈值 Soil water depletion for stomata control-Upper threshold | 0.6 | - |
Psen,upper | 冠层衰老的土壤水分耗竭因子上限阈值Soil water depletion factor for canopy senescence-Upper threshold | 0.7 | - |
Ppol,upper | 授粉土壤水分耗竭因子上限阈值Soil water depletion factor for pollination-Upper threshold | 0.8 | - |
表3
灌溉制度情景方案"
灌溉方案 Irrigation schedule | 生育期阶段灌溉量Growth stage (mm) | 灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
分枝期 (30 d) Branching stage | 开花-结荚期 (70 d) Flowering and podding stage | 鼓粒期 (90 d) Seed filling stage | ||
P1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
P2 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
P3 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 45 |
P4 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 45 |
P5 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 70 |
P6 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 |
P7 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 70 |
P8 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 90 |
P9 | 45 | 0 | 45 | 90 |
P10 | 0 | 45 | 45 | 90 |
P11 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 140 |
P12 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 140 |
P13 | 70 | 0 | 70 | 140 |
P14 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 210 |
表5
不同降水年型不同灌溉方案模拟结果"
灌溉方案 Irrigation schedule | 灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (mm) | 产量Yield (kg·hm-2) | 水分利用效率WUE (kg·m-3) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干旱年 Dry year | 平水年 Normal year | 湿润年 Wet year | 干旱年 Dry year | 平水年 Normal year | 湿润年 Wet year | ||
P1 | 0 | 1700 | 2455 | 2780 | 0.51 | 0.69 | 0.79 |
P2 | 45 | 1874 | 2548 | 2857 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.78 |
P3 | 45 | 2279 | 2699 | 2867 | 0.63 | 0.74 | 0.81 |
P4 | 45 | 2117 | 2571 | 2791 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.79 |
P5 | 70 | 1879 | 2554 | 2865 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.78 |
P6 | 70 | 2486 | 2758 | 2873 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.81 |
P7 | 70 | 2185 | 2581 | 2791 | 0.62 | 0.72 | 0.79 |
P8 | 90 | 2470 | 2787 | 2941 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.79 |
P9 | 90 | 2328 | 2667 | 2870 | 0.62 | 0.71 | 0.78 |
P10 | 90 | 2505 | 2743 | 2869 | 0.68 | 0.74 | 0.81 |
P11 | 140 | 2661 | 2843 | 2951 | 0.68 | 0.74 | 0.79 |
P12 | 140 | 2644 | 2773 | 2871 | 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.81 |
P13 | 140 | 2398 | 2679 | 2875 | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.78 |
P14 | 210 | 2827 | 2861 | 2950 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.79 |
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