乙烯促进牡丹‘洛阳红’切花花瓣脱落与内源生长素的关联性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.23.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨牡丹切花衰老过程中花瓣萎蔫脱落的生理机制,为更好地开发牡丹切花贮藏保鲜技术提供理论依据。【方法】以 ‘洛阳红’牡丹为试材,分别用去离子水（CK）、20 µL·L^-1乙烯拮抗剂可利鲜（AVB）、20 µL·L^-1乙烯释放剂乙烯利（CEPA）处理1 h时及20 µL·L^-1可利鲜预处理1 h后再用20 µL·L^-1乙烯利处理1 h（AVB+CEPA）,然后插入去离子水进行单枝瓶插,观测不同预处理的生理效应。利用显微镜观察花瓣离层细胞形态,通过拉力试验测定瓶插过程中花瓣抗脱落力,运用生理生化手段测定乙烯与生长素代谢、离层水解相关酶活性和PsETR1、PsCTR1、PsEIN3、PsERF1、PsYUCCA10、PsPIN1、PsPME1、PsPG1及PsBG1的相对表达量。【结果】牡丹‘洛阳红’切花花瓣基部有明显的离层结构;AVB预处理明显推迟了切花乙烯跃变出现的时间,乙烯释放峰值降低34.9%（P<0.05）,提高了花瓣的抗脱落力,降低了花瓣基部多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）活性和PsPG1、PsBG1表达量,延缓了牡丹切花的衰老进程,显著延长了切花的瓶插寿命;外源CEPA明显加快了花瓣内源乙烯的释放速率,提高了生长素氧化酶（IAAO）、PG和BG活性,加快了切花花瓣的离层细胞的衰老,减小了花瓣的抗脱落力,从而促进了花瓣的萎蔫脱落;AVB+CEPA复合预处理瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期与对照组相差不大,CEPA能够部分抵消AVB的生理效应。【结论】对乙烯敏感型切花牡丹‘洛阳红’,内源生长素参与了乙烯促进花瓣离层细胞脱落的过程,控制乙烯是改善其切花瓶插品质的基础途径。

关键词: 牡丹, 切花, 离区, 乙烯, 生长素, 脱落

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the physiological mechanisms of petal wilting and abscission during the senescence of cut tree peony flowers, so as to provide the theoretical basis for better development of storage and preservation technology of cut tree peony flowers.【Method】The cut flowers were pretreated with deionized water (CK), 20 µL·L^-1 ethylene antagonist Correxian (AVB), 20 µL·L^-1 ethylene releasing agent ethephon (CEPA), and 20 µL·L^-1 Correxian for 1 h, respectively, followed by 20 µL·L^-1 ethephon 1 h (AVB+CEPA). The flowers were then placed in individual vases filled with distilled water. The morphology of the petals absciss zone cells were observed by using a microscope. The petal anti-falling ability was determined by using the tensile test during the vase cutting process. The physiological effects of different pretreatments were observed respectively using the physiological and biochemical methods to determine the ethylene and auxin metabolism, the absciss zone hydrolysis-related enzyme activities, and the relative expressions of PsETR1, PsCTR1, PsEIN3, PsERF1, PsYUCCA10, PsPIN1, PsPME1, PsPG1 and PsBG1 genes. 【Result】 The results showed that the basal petal of the cut tree peony Luoyanghong had a clear separation layer structure. AVB significantly delayed the occurrence of ethylene climacteric in cut flowers, and decreased the ethylene release peak by 34.9% (P<0.05), while the petal anti-falling ability was improved. The activities of polygalaturonase (PG), β-glucosidase (BG) and the expressions of PsPG1 and PsBG1 genes at the base of the petals absciss zone were reduced, which delayed the senescence process of cut tree peony flowers, thus significantly extended its vase life. Nevertheless, the exogenous CEPA significantly accelerated the release rate of endogenous ethylene in the petals, increased the activities of IAA oxidase (IAAO), PG and BG, accelerated the senescence of the absciss zone cells in the petals of cut flowers, and reduced the petal anti-falling ability, thus promoted its wilting and falling. Meanwhile, the vase life and the optimal viewing period of AVB+CEPA composite pretreatment were not much different from control, so CEPA could partially offset the physiological effects of AVB. 【Conclusion】 For the ethylene sensitive cut tree peony Luoyanghong, endogenous auxin was involved in the process of ethylene promoting the abscission of petal absciss zone cells. The control of ethylene was the basic way to improve the quality of Luoyanghong cut flowers.

Key words: tree peony, cut flowers, absciss zone, ethylene, auxin, abscission

叶迪,施江,高双成,王占营,史国安. 乙烯促进牡丹‘洛阳红’切花花瓣脱落与内源生长素的关联性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(23): 5097-5109.

YE Di,SHI Jiang,GAO ShuangCheng,WANG ZhanYing,SHI GuoAn. Correlation Analysis of Auxin Involved in the Process of Petal Abscission of Tree Peony Luoyanghong Cut Flowers by Ethylene Promoting[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(23): 5097-5109.

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基因 Gene	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Foward primer sequence	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence	预期大小 Expected size (bp)
PsD-GAPDH	TGTTCACTCCATCACTGCTAC	ACATCCACAGTAGGAACACGA	189
PsETR1	CGTGGGTCGTCAGAGTGTGT	CCTTGCACCTGCCGTTCTTG	153
PsCTR1	CTCAACCCAGCCGTACAGACAT	CGGGCAGTAAACAACAGAAAAT	182
PsEIN3	TTTGTGAGCTTTGGGGGTGT	GCCAACTCTGCAACACGAAA	190
PsERF1	AGTCGGAAAGGAGCTAGGGT	TTCAGACACCGACGAACACC	147
PsYUCCA10	CAACATACGTGCCAAGAG	GGTAGCCACCACCAGAAA	206
PsPIN1	GGCCGTTGTCCCTCTCTATG	AAAGGGGTACGGCGAAGATG	125
PsPME1	ATGCTTGGACGGTCTGAT	GCTGGAGGTATGGATTTC	193
PsPG1	GATGCGTCTTCTCTTCCT	GGTTTCGTCACATTCTAC	190
PsBG1	ATTTCTACTCCCCGCCAT	GGGGCTTTGTTGTTCACT	195

预处理 Pretreatment	瓶插寿命 Vase life (d)	最佳观赏期 Best viewing period (d)	最大花径 Maximum diameter (cm)
CK	5.9±0.3a	4.5±0.5a	11.15±2.2b
AVB	6.0±0.0a	4.5±0. 5a	12.19±1.6ab
CEPA	4.8±0.4b	4.1±0.6b	12.84±1.6a
AVB+CEPA	5.8±0.4ab	4.3±0.6ab	12.84±1.3a