外源褪黑素通过调控ABA-H2O2含量提高小麦幼苗抗旱性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确外源褪黑素如何与逆境响应因子脱落酸（ABA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）互作以提高小麦抗旱性，并探讨其机理。【方法】以小麦品种济麦22和衡观35为试验材料，设计正常水分处理（CK）、外源褪黑素处理（MT）、干旱处理（DS）、干旱胁迫下施加褪黑素处理（DS+MT)、干旱胁迫下施加褪黑素和ABA抑制剂氟啶酮处理（DS+MT+Flu)、干旱胁迫下施加褪黑素和H₂O₂清除剂二苯基氯化碘盐（DS+MT+DPI）6个处理，重点研究小麦根系和地上植株的关键生理指标（叶绿素、净光合速率（Pn）、ABA、内源褪黑素、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧阴离子（）、H₂O₂及其抗氧化酶活性）的变化及响应关系。【结果】正常条件下，施加外源MT可显著提高植株叶片和根系内源褪黑素含量，改善2个小麦品种幼苗的叶绿素a/b、Pn及根鲜重，增强植株超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的同时，降低MDA、和叶片ABA含量。在干旱条件下，施加MT处理（DS+MT）能显著提高济麦22和衡观35的叶绿素总含量、Pn、蒸腾速率（Tr）、瞬时水分利用效率（WUET），较DS处理分别增幅为14.62%、26.22%、18.06%、6.92%和6.20%、49.32%、16.41%、28.89%；济麦22叶片和根系的SOD活性、CAT活性、MT含量较DS处理的增幅分别为2.66%、34.40%、136.72%和4.80%、25.96%、0.48%；衡观35叶片和根系的SOD活性、CAT活性、MT含量较DS处理的增幅分别为32.08%、24.08%、24.65%和83.51%、4.49%、61.80%。另外，与DS处理相比，DS+MT处理下济麦22和衡观35叶片ABA含量显著降低了36.94%、6.78%，叶片和根系MDA、H₂O₂、含量也均显著降低。DS+MT+Flu、DS+MT+DPI处理进一步增强了MT对济麦22地上部干重、SOD活性的提升作用，同时显著降低ABA、内源MT及过氧化产物含量；对衡观35呈负调节效应，降低了叶绿素含量、叶面积和地上部鲜重，提高了POD活性和叶片MDA、ABA含量，显示出品种差异性。【结论】在干旱胁迫下，施加外源褪黑素可有效提高小麦幼苗抗旱性，且褪黑素存在依赖ABA与非依赖ABA响应因子2种途径进行抗旱；ABA与H₂O₂作为MT下游信号，表现为ABA和MT之间既存在拮抗作用又有协同关系、H₂O₂和MT之间具有拮抗效应，ABA与H₂O₂的互作关系存在品种和部位差异性。

关键词: 褪黑素, 小麦幼苗, 脱落酸, 过氧化氢, 抗旱

Abstract:

【Objective】This research has been conducted to clarify how exogenous melatonin interacts with stress responsive factors of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to enhance wheat drought resistance of wheat and explore the underlying mechanism.【Method】Wheat varieties Jimai 22 and Hengguan 35 were used as experimental materials, and six treatments were designed: normal water treatment (CK), exogenous melatonin treatment (MT), drought treatment (DS), melatonin treatment under drought stress (DS+MT), melatonin and ABA inhibitor fluoridone treatment under drought stress (DS+MT+Flu), and the treatment of melatonin and H₂O₂ scavenger diphenyl chloride iodide salt (DS+MT+DPI) under drought stress. The key physiological indicators of wheat roots and above-ground plants (chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), ABA, endogenous melatonin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (), H₂O₂ and their antioxidant enzyme activities) were studied, focusing on the changes and response relationships in wheat roots and aboveground plants.【Result】Under normal conditions, the application of exogenous MT could significantly increase the endogenous melatonin content in plant leaves and roots, improve the chlorophyll a/b, Pn, and root fresh weight of the two wheat varieties, enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (CAT) in plants, and reduce the content of MDA, , and leaf ABA. Under drought conditions, applying MT treatment (DS+MT) could significantly increase the total chlorophyll content, Pn, transpiration rate (Tr), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUET) of Jimai 22 and Hengguan 35, with the increases compared with the DS treatment being 14.62%, 26.22%, 18.06%, 6.92% and 6.20%, 49.32%, 16.41%, 28.89%, respectively; Additionally, the SOD activity, CAT activity and MT content in the leaves and roots of Jimai 22 increased by 2.66%, 34.40%, 136.72% and 4.80%, 25.96%, 0.48%, respectively, compared with DS treatment. The SOD activity, CAT activity and MT content in the leaves and roots of Hengguan 35 increased by 32.08%, 24.08%, 24.65% and 83.51%, 4.49%, 61.80%, respectively, compared with DS treatment. At the same time, compared with DS treatment, DS+MT treatment showed better effects on Jimai 22 and Hengguan 35, the leaf ABA content significantly decreased by 36.94% and 6.78%, while the MDA, H₂O₂, and , contents in the leaves and roots also significantly decreased. The DS+MT+Flu and DS+MT+DPI treatments further enhanced the improvement effect of MT on the aboveground dry weight and SOD activity of Jimai 22, while significantly reducing the contents of ABA, endogenous MT, and peroxidation product; but it showed a negative regulatory effect on Hengguan 35, such as reducing chlorophyll content, leaf area, and aboveground fresh weight, whereas increasing POD activity and leaf MDA and ABA content. All these demonstrated the differences between the varieties.【Conclusion】Under drought stress, the application of exogenous melatonin could effectively enhance the drought resistance of wheat seedlings, and melatonin had two pathways for drought resistance: ABA-dependent and ABA-independent response factors; ABA and H₂O₂ act as downstream signals of MT. There were both antagonistic and synergistic relationships between ABA and MT, and an antagonistic effect between H₂O₂ and MT. The interaction between ABA and H₂O₂ varied by variety and plant parts.

Key words: melatonin, wheat seedlings, abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, combat drought

苗童童, 王隆金, 杨瑞婷, 代成成, 刘世超, 李楠, 李东晓. 外源褪黑素通过调控ABA-H₂O₂含量提高小麦幼苗抗旱性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(17): 3400-3417.

MIAO TongTong, WANG LongJin, YANG RuiTing, DAI ChengCheng, LIU ShiChao, LI Nan, LI DongXiao-. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Drought Resistance of Wheat Seedlings by Regulating Abscisic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Content[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(17): 3400-3417.

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of aboveground parts (g)	根鲜重 Fresh weight of root (g)		根干重 Root dry weight (g)	相对含水量Relative water content (%)	根冠比 Root/ Soot
济麦22 Jimai 22	CK	30.86a	34.57a	2.69a	0.48b	0.30a	0.05ab	88.73a	0.16bc
	MT	31.50a	35.47a	2.74a	0.57a	0.32a	0.05a	88.34a	0.17bc
	DS	26.70b	23.15b	1.34c	0.45b	0.18b	0.04ab	86.81ab	0.25a
	DS+MT	27.80b	24.19b	1.48bc	0.47b	0.20b	0.05ab	86.75ab	0.24a
	DS+MT+Flu	27.20b	23.91b	1.87b	0.43b	0.27a	0.04b	85.60b	0.15c
	DS+MT+DPI	27.38b	25.14b	1.65bc	0.46b	0.21b	0.04ab	87.08ab	0.21ab
衡观35 Hengguan 35	CK	34.90ab	55.66a	3.51a	0.76b	0.43a	0.07b	87.67a	0.17a
	MT	35.20a	60.30a	3.65a	0.87a	0.47a	0.09a	87.00a	0.20a
	DS	33.10c	38.23bc	2.30b	0.58c	0.31bc	0.05c	86.36a	0.16a
	DS+MT	33.32c	40.27b	2.39b	0.59c	0.34b	0.05c	85.97a	0.16a
	DS+MT+Flu	33.52bc	34.48cd	2.34b	0.58c	0.33bc	0.05c	85.88a	0.15a
	DS+MT+DPI	32.66c	30.55d	2.11c	0.36d	0.26c	0.04d	87.81a	0.16a

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素总含量 Total chlorophyll content (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b
济麦22 Jimai 22	CK	1.56a	0.47a	2.03a	3.35b
	MT	1.66a	0.48a	2.14a	3.46a
	DS	1.02c	0.32d	1.34c	3.20c
	DS+MT	1.16b	0.37b	1.53b	3.24c
	DS+MT+Flu	1.19b	0.37bc	1.56b	3.23c
	DS+MT+DPI	1.11bc	0.34cd	1.45bc	3.26c
衡观35 Hengguan 35	CK	1.52b	0.44b	1.96b	3.41a
	MT	1.68a	0.49a	2.17a	3.42a
	DS	1.28d	0.39c	1.67d	3.32ab
	DS+MT	1.36c	0.41c	1.77c	3.34ab
	DS+MT+Flu	1.30d	0.39c	1.68d	3.35ab
	DS+MT+DPI	1.24d	0.39c	1.63d	3.27b

外源褪黑素通过调控ABA-H₂O₂含量提高小麦幼苗抗旱性

Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Drought Resistance of Wheat Seedlings by Regulating Abscisic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Content

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