不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对盐碱地食葵农田土壤温度、水分动态变化及产量的影响,为河套灌区筛选适宜盐碱地食葵生长的合理厚度秸秆隔层措施提供依据。【方法】2015—2017年在内蒙古河套地区典型盐碱农田设置了4个不同厚度的秸秆隔层,分别为CK（无秸秆隔层）、S3（厚度3 cm秸秆隔层）、S5（厚度5 cm秸秆隔层）和S7（厚度7 cm秸秆隔层）,研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对食葵生育期土壤温度、水分动态变化特征和食葵产量的影响。【结果】秸秆隔层处理（S3、S5和S7）显著提高了食葵全生育期0—40 cm土层温度,其中2015—2017年在食葵苗期分别较CK处理显著增加了0.7、0.6、0.5℃（P<0.05）,但其增温幅度随秸秆埋设时长的增加逐渐减小,花期秸秆隔层处理间差异显著,其中S5、S7处理3年平均分别较CK处理提高了0.4、0.6℃（P<0.05）;40—50 cm土层的秸秆隔层处理在食葵苗期、蕾期表现出增温趋势,在生长后期表现出降温趋势。不同处理下向日葵全生育期土壤温度整体上均随土层加深而降低,且土壤温度和大气温度间均具有极显著的正相关关系,3年内R²值的分布范围为0.628—0.735,秸秆隔层处理增强了土壤温度对大气温度的敏感程度,且土壤温度对大气温度的响应随秸秆埋设时长的增加而减弱。不同秸秆隔层处理与不同灌水时期间交互作用对土壤含水量有显著影响（P<0.05）,秸秆隔层处理能够降低灌溉前、收获后0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量,其中S7处理降幅最大,3年平均分别较CK处理降低了7.9%、5.4%（P<0.05）;但在灌溉后S3、S5和S7处理平均土壤含水量3年分别较CK处理提高了2.3%、3.4%、3.6%（P<0.05）。秸秆隔层处理能够促进食葵生长,增加食葵产量,提高灌溉水生产率和水分利用效率,其中以5、7 cm厚度秸秆隔层处理增幅最大,但两处理间无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】不同厚度秸秆隔层均能够提高食葵生育期0—40 cm土层温度,温度增幅随秸秆埋设时长的增加而减小,在花期各处理间差异较显著,并且秸秆隔层处理能够提高灌后0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量,为食葵提供适宜的生长环境,综合考虑3年土壤温度、作物水分利用效率等,5 cm厚度秸秆隔层处理最适宜在内蒙古河套灌区推广应用。

关键词: 河套灌区, 盐碱地, 食葵, 秸秆隔层, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of different thickness of straw interlayer on soil temperature, water content dynamic change and crop yield of sunflower field in saline-alkali land were studied to provide a basis for selecting reasonable thickness straw interlayer measures suitable for the growth of sunflower in Hetao irrigation area. 【Method】 From 2015 to 2017, 4 straw interlayers of different thicknesses were set up in the typical saline-alkali farmland in the Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, namely CK (no straw interlayers), S3 (straw interlayers with a thickness of 3 cm), S5 (straw interlayers with a thickness of 5 cm), and S7 (straw interlayer with a thickness of 7 cm), to study the effects of different thickness of straw interlayer on the dynamic changes of soil temperature, water content, and sunflower yield during the growth period of sunflower under. 【Result】The straw interlayer treatment (S3, S5 and S7) significantly increased the soil temperature of 0-40 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of sunflower. Among them, compared with CK treatment, the soil temperature in sunflower seedling stage significantly increased by 0.7℃, 0.6℃, and 0.5℃, respectively, from 2015 to 2017 (P<0.05), and the increase in temperature gradually decreased with the increase of straw burying time. There was a significant difference between straw interlayer treatments during flowering period, among which S5 and S7 treatments increased by 0.4℃ and 0.6℃, respectively, compared with CK treatment in average for 3 years (P<0.05); 40-50 cm soil layer straw interlayer treatment showed a trend of increasing temperature in seedling and bud stage of sunflower, and showed a cooling trend in the later growth period. Under different treatments, the soil temperature during the whole growth period of sunflower decreased as the soil layer deepens, and there was a very significant positive correlation between soil temperature and atmospheric temperature. The distribution range of R² value in three years was 0.628-0.735. Straw interlayer treatments enhanced the sensitivity of soil temperature to atmospheric temperature, and the response of soil temperature to atmospheric temperature decreases with the increase of straw burying time. The interaction between different straw interlayer treatments and different irrigation periods also had significant effects on soil water content (P<0.05). Straw interlayer treatment could reduce the average soil water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer before irrigation and after harvest. Among them, the S7 treatment had the largest reduction, and the three-year average decreased by 7.9% and 5.4% (P<0.05), compared with the CK treatment; after irrigation, the average soil water content of S3, S5 and S7 treatments increased by 2.3%, 3.4%, and 3.6%, respectively, compared with CK treatment for 3 years (P<0.05). The straw interlayer treatment could promote the growth of sunflower and increase the yield of sunflower, and improve irrigation water productivity and water use efficiency, among which 5 and 7 cm thick straw interlayer treatments increased the most and had the largest increase, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】Straw interlayers of different thicknesses could increase the soil temperature in the 0-40 cm soil layer during the growth period of sunflower, and the increase of temperature decreased with the increase of the straw burying time. The difference between different treatments was significant during the flowering stage. In addition, the straw interlayer treatment could improve the average soil water content of 0-40 cm soil after irrigation, and provide a suitable growth environment for sunflower. Considering soil temperature and crop water use efficiency, straw separation with thickness of 5 cm is the most suitable for promotion and application in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Hetao irrigation area, saline-alkali land, sunflower, straw interlayer, soil temperature, soil water content

王国丽,常芳弟,张宏媛,卢闯,宋佳珅,王婧,逄焕成,李玉义. 不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4155-4168.

WANG GuoLi,CHANG FangDi,ZHANG HongYuan,LU Chuang,SONG JiaShen,WANG Jing,PANG HuanCheng,LI YuYi. Effects of Straw Interlayer with Different Thickness on Saline-Alkali Soil Temperature, Water Content, and Sunflower Yield in Hetao Irrigation Area[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4155-4168.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 39

[1]	赵永敢, 王婧, 李玉义, 逄焕成. 秸秆隔层与地覆膜盖有效抑制潜水蒸发和土壤返盐. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(23):109-117.
	ZHAO Y G, WANG J, LI Y Y, PANG H C. Reducing evaporation from phreatic water and soil resalinization by using straw interlayer and plastic mulch. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(23):109-117. (in Chinese)
[2]	赵永敢, 李玉义, 胡小龙, 王婧, 逄焕成. 地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋对土壤水盐动态影响的微区试验. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(6):1129-1137.
	ZHAO Y G, LI Y Y, HU X L, WANG J, PANG H C. Effects of plastic mulching and deep burial of straw on dynamics of soil water and salt in micro-plot field cultivation. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(6):1129-1137. (in Chinese)
[3]	王婧, 逄焕成, 任天志, 李玉义, 赵永敢. 地膜覆盖与秸秆深埋对河套灌区盐渍土水盐运动的影响. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(15):52-59.
	WANG J, PANG H C, REN T Z, LI Y Y, ZHAO Y G. Effect of plastic film mulching and straw buried on soil water-salt dynamic in Hetao plain. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(15):52-59. (in Chinese)
[4]	陈敏, 陈孝杨, 桂和荣, 刘桂建, 刘本乐, 胡智勇. 煤矸石充填重构土壤剖面温度变化对覆土厚度的响应. 煤炭学报, 2017, 42(12):3270-3279.
	CHEN M, CHEN X Y, GUI H R, LIU G J, LIU B L, HU Z Y. Temperature variation and its response to topsoil thickness from reconstruction soil profile filled with coal gangue. Journal of China Coal Society, 2017, 42(12):3270-3279. (in Chinese)
[5]	朱琳, 刘毅, 徐洪敏, 陈新平, 李世清. 黄土旱塬不同水分管理模式对旱作春玉米土壤温度的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(12):4396-4402.
	ZHU L, LIU Y, XU H M, CHEN X P, LI S Q. Effects of water management patterns in spring maize cultivation on the dryland soil temperature dynamics in the loess plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(12):4396-4402. (in Chinese)
[6]	常晓慧, 孔德刚, 井上光弘, 刘立意, 张影微, 苏锦涛. 秸秆还田方式对春播期土壤温度的影响. 东北农业大学学报, 2011, 42(5):117-120.
	CHANG X H, KONG D G, INOUE M, LIU L Y, ZHANG Y W, SU J T. Effect of different straw returning methods on soil temperature in spring sowing period. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2011, 42(5):117-120. (in Chinese)
[7]	解影, 李波, 丰雪, 魏新光, 姚名泽, 赵子龙, 邢经伟, 郑思宇. 深埋秸秆条件下温室番茄根层土壤温度变化特征. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(7):247-252.
	XIE Y, LI B, FENG X, WEI X G, YAO M Z, ZHAO Z L, XING J W, ZHENG S Y. Effects of different amount of deeply buried straw on root soil temperature of tomato in greenhouse. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 46(7):247-252. (in Chinese)
[8]	刁生鹏, 高日平, 高宇, 任永峰, 赵沛义, 袁伟, 高学峰. 内蒙古黄土高原秸秆还田对玉米农田土壤水热状况及产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2019(6):83-89.
	DIAO P S, GAO R P, GAO Y, REN Y F, ZHAO P Y, YUAN W, GAO X F. Effects of straw returning on soil hydrothermal and yield of maize in loess plateau of Inner Mongolia. Crops, 2019(6):83-89. (in Chinese)
[9]	黄毅, 王瑞丽, 赵凯. 辽西旱农区深层水肥调控对土壤主要物理性质和玉米产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(1):8-13.
	HUANG Y, WANG R L, ZHAO K. Effects of deep moisture and fertility regulation on main physical properties of soil and yield of maize in dryland regions in western Liaoning Province. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2013, 31(1):8-13. (in Chinese)
[10]	李玮, 张佳宝, 张丛志. 秸秆掩埋还田对黄淮海平原耕层土壤温度及作物生长的影响. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(2):243-248.
	LI W, ZHANG J B, ZHANG C Z. Effects of the straw incorporation on arable layer soil temperature and crop growth. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2012, 21(2):243-248. (in Chinese)
[11]	陈天助, 李波, 丰雪, 姚名泽, 梁凯. 深埋秸秆和覆膜对土壤水分、玉米产量及品质的影响. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2016, 47(4):493-498.
	CHEN T Z, LI B, FENG X, YAO M Z, LIANG K. Effects of deep buried straw and plastic film mulch on the soil moisture, yield and quality of corn. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2016, 47(4):493-498. (in Chinese)
[12]	李芙荣, 杨劲松, 吴亚坤, 姚荣江, 余世鹏, 张建兵. 不同秸秆埋深对苏北滩涂盐渍土水盐动态变化的影响. 土壤, 2013, 45(6):1101-1107.
	LI F R, YANG J S, WU Y K, YAO R J, YU S P, ZHANG J B. Effects of straw mulch at different depths on water-salt dynamic changes of coastal saline soil in north Jiangsu province. Soils, 2013, 45(6):1101-1107. (in Chinese)
[13]	王喜艳, 窦森, 张恒明, 冯树成, 黄毅. 玉米秸秆持水深埋对辽西瘠薄耕地土壤养分及玉米产量的影响. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(5):76-81.
	WANG X Y, DOU S, ZHANG H M, FENG S C, HUANG Y. Effects of waterlogged maize stalk deep returning on soil nutrients and maize yields of barren farmland in west Liaoning province. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2014, 23(5):76-81. (in Chinese)
[14]	卢闯, 逄焕成, 张宏媛, 张建丽, 张浩, 李玉义. 春灌结合秸秆隔层促进土壤脱盐增加微生物多样性. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(18):87-94.
	LU C, PANG H C, ZHANG H Y, ZHANG J L, ZHANG H, LI Y Y. Spring irrigation combined with straw interlayer promoting soil desalination and increasing microflora diversity. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(18):87-94. (in Chinese)
[15]	ZHANG H Y, PANG H C, ZHAO Y G, LU C, LIU N, ZHANG X L, LI Y Y. Water and salt exchange flux and mechanism in a dry saline soil amended with buried straw of varying thicknesses. Geoderma, 2020, 365.
[16]	卢闯. 玉米秸秆隔层对土壤溶液盐浓度与离子运动的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017.
	LU C. Effect of buried corn straw layer on soil solution concentration and ion movement[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017. (in Chinese)
[17]	范雷雷, 史海滨, 李瑞平, 苗庆丰, 王思楠, 裴文武. 秸秆覆盖对沟灌土壤水盐迁移与玉米水分利用效率的影响. 农业机械学报, 2020, 52(2):283-293, 319.
	FAN L L, SHI H B, LI R P, MIAO Q F, WANG S N, PEI W W. Effects of straw mulching on soil water-salt transportation and water use efficiency of maize under furrow irrigation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 52(2):283-293, 319. (in Chinese)
[18]	袁浩, 王继唯, 李赟虹, 孙坤雁, 张建发, 宋学利, 夏辉, 彭正萍. 氮肥基追比对小麦产量、土壤水氮分布及利用的影响. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(5):299-307.
	YUAN H, WANG J W, LI Y H, SUN K Y, ZHANG J F, SONG X L, XIA H, PENG Z P. Effects of the ratio of base-topdressing nitrogen on wheat yield, distribution and utilization of water and nitrogen in soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(5):299-307. (in Chinese)
[19]	崔爱花, 杜传莉, 黄国勤, 王淑彬, 赵其国. 秸秆覆盖量对红壤旱地棉花生长及土壤温度的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(2):733-740.
	CUI A H, DU C L, HUANG G Q, WANG S B, ZHAO Q G. Effects of straw mulching amount on cotton growth and soil temperature in red soil drylands. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(2):733-740. (in Chinese)
[20]	CHOI J S, FERMANIAN T W, WEHNER D J, SPOMER L A. Effect of temperature, moisture, and soil texture on DCPA degradation. Agronomy Journal, 1988, 80(1):108-113.
[21]	王维钰, 乔博, Kashif AKHTAR, 袁率, 任广鑫, 冯永忠. 免耕条件下秸秆还田对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统土壤呼吸及土壤水热状况的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(11):2136-2152.
	WANG W Y, QIAO B, AKHTAR K, YUAN S, REN G X, FENG Y Z. Effects of straw returning to field on soil respiration and soil water heat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system under no tillage. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(11):2136-2152. (in Chinese)
[22]	RASCHE F, KNAPP D, KAISER C, KORANDA M, KITZLER B, ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN S, RICHTER A, SESSITSCH A. Seasonality and resource availability control bacterial and archaeal communities in soils of a temperate beech forest. The ISME Journal, 2010, 5(3):389-402. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.138
[23]	DAVIDSON E A, JANSSENS I A. Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature, 2006, 440(7081):165-173. doi: 10.1038/nature04514
[24]	FREY S D, LEE J, MELILLO J M, SIX J. The temperature response of soil microbial efficiency and its feedback to climate. Nature Climate Change, 2013, 3(4):395-398. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1796
[25]	张伟, 汪春, 梁远, 李玉清. 残茬覆盖对寒地旱作区土壤温度的影响. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(5):70-73.
	ZHANG W, WANG C, LIANG Y, LI Y Q. Effect of crop residue cover on soil temperature in cold and dry farming areas. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(5):70-73. (in Chinese)
[26]	王丽君. 黄土高原半干旱丘陵区不同耕作管理措施对旱地农田土壤温度的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2012.
	WANG L J. Effects of different tillage managements on soil temperature of dry farmland in semi-arid hilly areas of Loess Plateau[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[27]	李慧星, 夏自强, 马广慧. 含水量变化对土壤温度和水分交换的影响研究. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 35(2):172-175.
	LI H X, XIA Z Q, MA G H. Effects of water content variation on soil temperature process and water exchange. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2007, 35(2):172-175. (in Chinese)
[28]	李文珍, 齐志明, 桂东伟, 陈小平. 不同滴灌灌溉制度对绿洲棉田土壤水热分布及产量的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2019, 38(4):11-16.
	LI W Z, QI Z M, GUI D W, CHEN X P. Response of water-thermal distribution and yield of cotton to different drip irrigation schedules in oasis field. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2019, 38(4):11-16. (in Chinese)
[29]	孙建, 刘苗, 李立军, 刘景辉, Surya N. Acharya. 不同耕作方式对内蒙古旱作农田土壤水热状况的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(6):1539-1547.
	SUN J, LIU M, LI L J, LIU J H, ACHARYA S N. Effects of different tillage systems on soil hydrothermal regimes in rain-fed field of Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(6):1539-1547. (in Chinese)
[30]	徐唱唱, 杨红, 魏来, 刘合满. 耕作对八一镇农田土壤温度的影响. 中国农村水利水电, 2017(2):6-8.
	XU C C, YANG H, WEI L, LIU H M. The effect of tillage on farmland soil temperature in Bayi Town. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2017(2):6-8. (in Chinese)
[31]	张宏媛, 逄焕成, 卢闯, 刘娜, 张晓丽, 李玉义. CT扫描分析秸秆隔层孔隙特征及其对土壤水入渗的影响. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(6):114-122.
	ZHANG H Y, PANG H C, LU C, LIU N, ZHANG X L, LI Y Y. Pore characteristics of straw interlayer based on computed tomography images and its influence on soil water infiltration. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(6):114-122. (in Chinese)
[32]	龚振平, 邓乃榛, 宋秋来, 李中韬. 基于长期定位试验的松嫩平原还田玉米秸秆腐解特征研究. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(8):139-145.
	GONG Z P, DENG N Z, SONG Q L, LI Z T. Decomposing characteristics of maize straw returning in Songnen Plain in long-time located experiment. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(8):139-145. (in Chinese)
[33]	李萌, 虎胆·吐马尔白, 张江辉, 白云岗. 不同水分处理下香梨地土壤温度变化特征的研究. 节水灌溉, 2015(8):29-32.
	LI M, H D· TUMAREBI, ZHANG J H, BAI Y G A study on characteristic of soil temperature in pear field under different water treatments. Water Saving Irrigation, 2015(8):29-32. (in Chinese)
[34]	陈继康, 李素娟, 张宇, 陈阜, 张海林. 不同耕作方式麦田土壤温度及其对气温的响应特征——土壤温度日变化及其对气温的响应. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(7):2592-2600.
	CHEN J K, LI S J, ZHANG Y, CHEN F, ZHANG H L. Temperature under different tillage systems—Diurnal dynamic of soil temperature and its response to air temperature. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(7):2592-2600. (in Chinese)
[35]	庞明亮, 李波, 姚名泽. 日光温室玉米秸秆深埋土壤温度变化规律研究. 江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(16):231-237.
	PANG M L, LI B, YAO M Z. Study on temperature change law of corn stalk deep buried soil in solar greenhouse. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(16):231-237. (in Chinese)
[36]	王秋菊, 刘峰, 焦峰, 常本超, 姜辉, 宫秀杰. 秸秆粉碎集条深埋机械还田对土壤物理性质的影响. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(17):43-49.
	WANG Q J, LIU F, JIAO F, CHANG B C, JIANG H, GONG X J. Effects of strip-collected chopping and mechanical deep-buried return of straw on physical properties of soil. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(17):43-49. (in Chinese)
[37]	霍龙, 逄焕成, 卢闯, 赵永敢, 李玉义. 地膜覆盖结合秸秆深埋条件下盐渍土壤呼吸及其影响因素. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5):1209-1216.
	HUO L, PANG H C, LU C, ZHAO Y G, LI Y Y. Effect of plastic mulching along with deep burial of straw on dynamics of salinized soil respiration and its affecting factors. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(5):1209-1216. (in Chinese)
[38]	ZHAI S, LIANG Y L, ZHANG X S, WANG J Y, DAI Q H, LIU H. Effects of soil mulching on cucumber quality, water use efficiency and soil environment in greenhouse. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2008, 24(3):65-71.
[39]	QADIR M, GHAFOOR A, MURTAZA G. Amelioration strategies for saline soils: A review. Land Degradation and Development, 2000, 11(6):501-521. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期土壤温度 Soil temperature in seedling stage (℃)	蕾期土壤温度 Soil temperature in bud stage (℃)	花期土壤温度 Soil temperature in flowering stage (℃)	成熟期土壤温度 Soil temperature in maturity stage (℃)
2015	CK	25.1±0.35b	26.4±0.23b	23.4±0.18c	20.5±0.19a
	S3	25.6±0.27a	26.8±0.39ab	23.5±0.12b	20.7±0.29a
	S5	25.8±0.20a	27.0±0.33ab	23.8±0.13b	20.5±0.29a
	S7	25.9±0.26a	27.2±0.21a	24.2±0.19a	20.8±0.23a
2016	CK	17.3±0.31b	22.6±0.28b	22.7±0.25b	20.5±0.19b
	S3	17.7±0.27ab	22.9±0.24ab	22.7±0.19b	20.7±0.29ab
	S5	17.9±0.19a	23.1±0.31a	23.2±0.25a	20.9±0.34ab
	S7	18.0±0.30a	23.3±0.35a	23.3±0.21a	21.1±0.31a
2017	CK	23.0±0.25b	25.3±0.31b	23.8±0.18b	20.4±0.32a
	S3	23.4±0.19ab	25.4±0.24b	23.8±0.25b	20.5±0.27a
	S5	23.5±0.22a	25.8±0.28ab	24.1±0.24ab	20.5±0.30a
	S7	23.6±0.31a	26.0±0.20a	24.3±0.22a	20.9±0.25a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²
2015	CK	y= 0.817x+7.095	0.711**
	S3	y=0.846x+6.801	0.728**
	S5	y=0.875x+6.386	0.727**
	S7	y=0.856x+7.004	0.710**
2016	CK	y=0.646x+7.181	0.718**
	S3	y=0.632x+7.730	0.721**
	S5	y=0.666x+7.276	0.733**
	S7	y=0.678x+7.171	0.735**
2017	CK	y=0.580x+10.234	0.637**
	S3	y=0.579x+10.402	0.628**
	S5	y=0.616x+9.776	0.642**
	S7	y= 0.600x+10.388	0.654**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	灌溉前土壤含水量 Soil water content before irrigation (%)	灌溉后土壤含水量 Soil water content after irrigation (%)	收获后土壤含水量 Soil water content after harvest (%)
2015	CK	11.01±0.17a	19.64±0.14c	21.42±0.22a
	S3	10.21±0.21bc	20.38±0.02b	21.12±0.23ab
	S5	10.73±0.19ab	20.86±0.04a	20.99±0.07ab
	S7	10.13±0.12c	20.95±0.05a	20.64±0.12b
2016	CK	25.37±0.13a	27.05±0.09b	20.04±0.09a
	S3	24.32±0.01b	27.67±0.02a	19.73±0.24ab
	S5	23.12±0.04c	27.73±0.06a	19.46±0.03bc
	S7	22.71±0.24c	27.77±0.12a	19.09±0.21c
2017	CK	21.53±0.13a	25.75±0.05b	21.24±0.12a
	S3	21.16±0.16b	26.07±0.22ab	20.88±0.09b
	S5	20.92±0.06b	26.31±0.1a	20.49±0.09c
	S7	20.51±0.07c	26.33±0.1a	19.76±0.08d

处理 Treatment	2016			2017
处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency （kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）	灌溉水分生产率 Irrigation water productivity (kg·m^-3)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency （kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）	灌溉水分生产率 Irrigation water productivity (kg·m^-3)
CK	3923.63±87.37c	0.33±0.00c	2.12±0.05c	4463.99±84.99b	0.68±0.02b	2.41±0.05b
S3	4476.20±30.46b	0.41±0.01b	2.42±0.02b	4651.54±64.67b	0.68±0.01b	2.51±0.03b
S5	5037.02±136.11a	0.45±0.01a	2.72±0.07a	5060.83±68.48a	0.75±0.01a	2.74±0.04a
S7	4751.61±96.73ab	0.45±0.01a	2.57±0.0.05ab	5015.27±79.42a	0.75±0.01a	2.71±0.04a