关键词: 种业, 南繁, 异地选择, 转型升级, 分子育种

Abstract:

Generation advancement at non-target environments is a cost-effective and efficient approach to accelerating plant breeding. Hainan, as a southernmost province of China where crops can grow all year round, has been used as a core off-season breeding station, largely for seed increasing and an annually added crop generation advancement, while its favorable climate and environments are not fully exploited. Molecular biotechnologies such as marker-assisted selection, when integrated with other modern breeding technologies, will facilitate the transformation and upgrading of the Hainan off-season breeding. The transition will be made from a simple generation advancement to a full pipeline breeding including germplasm introduction and evaluation, selection, purity testing, germplasm exchange and variety right protection, and from one added winter breeding season to breeding all year round. Geographical and ecological advantages of Hainan as an off-season breeding station should be transitioned into a breeding pipeline by integration of generation advancement with functional breeding system to accelerate breeding procedures, improve breeding efficiency and promote advanced breeding industry. Considering the geographical and ecological advantages of Hainan and current status of off-season breeding, following issues are discussed in this article on transformation and upgrading of Hainan off-season breeding enterprise: necessity, possibility, challenges and opportunities. Such transition depends on the change of mind-set on non-target environment selection, favorable government policy regulation, breeding platform development, biosafety containment, well-established variety right protection, and resource-sharing and exchanging regulation. Breeding theories required for the transition include quantitative and population genetics, genotype by environment interaction, and molecular design and big- data management. Molecular design should be implemented at both macro-scale involving individuals, populations and species and micro-scale involving genes, metabolisms and networks. The breeding platform needs to be established for high-throughput precision phenotyping, envirotyping, information management and networking, and decision support system. As a key support technology for molecular breeding, genotyping by target sequencing and liquid chip (GBTS-LC) has been developed, by which GenoPlexs can be used to multiplex up to 5 000 target primers while GenoBaits can capture in solution up to 40K target loci each with multiple SNPs. Compared to other genotyping platforms, GBTS-LC has several advantages to make it a replacement of solid SNP chips, including wide platform suitability, high marker flexibility, high genotyping efficiency, easy information accumulation, less-demanding support system, wide application fields. For breeding in Hainan but testing across China, an integrative breeding system can be established with high-efficient breeding facilities supported by speeding breeding, gene transfer, genome editing, DH technology, and genomic selection. Other proposals are also suggested, including establishment of open-source breeding programs for resource-sharing, development of methodologies, technologies and platforms, implementation of germplasm introduction, monitoring and evaluation, construction of germplasm fingerprinting, and intensification of variety right protection, seed quality ensurance and see purity control. It is expected that this article will stimulate public awareness and relevant government policy development for the transformation and upgrading of breeding in Hainan, and thus enhance the scientific and technological progress and advancement of breeding and seed industry as a whole.

Key words: seed enterprises, winter nurseries, off-season selection, transformation and upgrading, molecular breeding