中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 2581-2594.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.009
收稿日期:
2020-08-11
接受日期:
2020-09-10
出版日期:
2021-06-16
发布日期:
2021-06-24
通讯作者:
杨学云
作者简介:
吉冰洁,E-mail:基金资助:
JI BingJie(),LI WenHai,XU MengYang,NIU JinCan,ZHANG ShuLan,YANG XueYun(
)
Received:
2020-08-11
Accepted:
2020-09-10
Online:
2021-06-16
Published:
2021-06-24
Contact:
XueYun YANG
摘要:
【目的】研究不同磷肥品种在塿土中磷形态转化及有效性差异,有助于选择合适的磷肥品种从而减少土壤磷素累积和提高磷素有效性,为该区磷肥-作物-土壤匹配提供理论依据。【方法】以塿土长期定位试验有效磷含量较低的耕层(0—20 cm)土壤为供试土壤,玉米(郑单958)为供试作物进行盆栽试验。试验共设8个处理:不施磷肥(Control);过磷酸钙(SSP);钙镁磷肥(CaMg P);磷酸一铵(MAP);磷酸二铵(DAP);聚磷酸铵(Poly P);磷酸脲(Urea P);过磷酸钙加硫酸铵(SSP+ASA)。用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级法测定土壤无机磷组分,并分析其与玉米植株吸磷量、土壤有效磷之间的关系。【结果】不同磷肥品种均可显著影响土壤有效磷含量,但随时间变化其动态特点有所不同。在玉米种植期间,施不同磷肥品种土壤有效磷平均含量大小为:DAP>Urea P≥Poly P>MAP>SSP+ASA>SSP>CaMg P>Control。不同磷肥品种均可显著提高玉米植株干物质量、吸磷量及肥料利用率,较Control处理分别提高了64.8%—221.3%、114.1%—593.0%、2.1%—11.0%,其中DAP和Poly P处理相似且增幅最大。土壤有效磷含量与玉米植株吸磷量和干物质量均呈极显著的正相关关系。不同施磷处理均可显著增加土壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P和Fe-P含量,增幅分别为36.9%—610.0%、21.7%—85.5%、57.2%—83.0%和28.5%—77.8%,O-P和Ca10-P增加不明显。其中,MAP、DAP、Poly P和Urea P可显著提高石灰性土壤中Ca2-P和Ca8-P的含量;Al-P和Fe-P增加较大的是SSP+ASA和SSP处理;CaMg P处理显著提高了O-P和Ca10-P含量。Poly P处理土壤Ca2-P含量显著高于MAP和Urea P,仅次于DAP处理,但土壤Ca8-P含量显著低于DAP、MAP和Urea P。与SSP相比,SSP+ASA显著增加了Ca2-P和Al-P含量,分别增加了24.9%和11.9%,有效磷含量提高了11.4%。土壤无机磷组分中Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Al-P与土壤有效磷和植株吸磷量呈显著正相关关系。【结论】供试土壤条件下,磷酸二铵(DAP)的磷素固定较低、有效磷含量高,聚磷酸铵(Poly P)降低了土壤Ca2-P向Ca8-P的转化,可减少磷在石灰性土壤中的沉淀,磷素有效性与施磷酸二铵的相当,这两种肥料是适合该区施用的磷肥品种;在石灰性土壤中施用酸性肥料硫酸铵不仅可以提高土壤有效磷含量,而且减少了磷素的累积。
吉冰洁,李文海,徐梦洋,牛金璨,张树兰,杨学云. 不同磷肥品种在石灰性土壤中的磷形态差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(12): 2581-2594.
JI BingJie,LI WenHai,XU MengYang,NIU JinCan,ZHANG ShuLan,YANG XueYun. Varying Synthetic Phosphorus Varieties Lead to Different Fractions in Calcareous Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(12): 2581-2594.
表1
盆栽试验肥料性质及用量"
磷肥品种 Phosphorus fertilizer varieties | 酸碱性 pH | 溶解性 Solubility | N (%) | P2O5 (%) | 肥料用量 Fertilizer rate(g/pot) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
过磷酸钙SSP | 酸性Acidic | 水溶性(80%-95%) Water-soluble | 0 | 16.3 | 4.91 |
钙镁磷肥CaMg P | 碱性Alkaline | 弱酸溶性 Weak acid soluble | 0 | 12.3 | 6.54 |
磷酸一铵MAP | 酸性Acidic | 水溶性 Water-soluble | 12.0 | 58.6 | 1.37 |
磷酸二铵DAP | 碱性Alkaline | 水溶性 Water-soluble | 15.0 | 40.4 | 1.98 |
聚磷酸铵Poly P | 中性Neutral | 水溶性 Water-soluble | 18.0 | 58.6 | 1.37 |
磷酸脲Urea P | 酸性Acidic | 水溶性 Water-soluble | 17.0 | 43.3 | 1.85 |
硫酸铵ASA | 酸性Acidic | 水溶性 Water-soluble | 21.0 | 0 | 0.83 |
图1
不同磷肥品种的土壤有效磷动态 Control:不施磷肥No phosphate fertilizer;SSP:过磷酸钙Superphosphate;CaMg P:钙镁磷肥Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;MAP:磷酸一铵Mono-ammonium phosphate;DAP:磷酸二铵Di-ammonium phosphate;Poly P:聚磷酸铵Ammonium poly-phosphate;Urea P:磷酸脲Urea phosphate;SSP+ASA:过磷酸钙加硫酸铵Superphosphate plus ammonium sulfate。下同 The same as below"
表2
不同磷肥品种对玉米植株干物质量、吸磷量及磷肥利用率的影响"
处理 Treatment | 干物质量 Biomass (g/plant) | 植株吸磷量 P uptake of plant (mg/plant) | 磷肥利用率PUE (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
差减法 Subtraction method | 平衡法 Balanced method | |||
Control | 3.70±0.06 e | 3.24±0.27 e | — | — |
SSP | 10.83±0.48 c | 15.05±1.14 c | 6.75 c | 8.60 c |
CaMg P | 6.09±0.43 d | 6.93±0.02 d | 2.11 d | 3.96 d |
MAP | 11.01±0.27 bc | 18.97±0.99 b | 8.99 b | 10.84 b |
DAP | 11.73±0.60 ab | 22.43±0.06 a | 10.97 a | 12.82 a |
Poly P | 11.88±0.74 a | 22.23±1.87 a | 10.85 a | 12.70 a |
Urea P | 10.40±0.26 c | 15.35±1.33 c | 6.92 c | 8.77 c |
SSP+ASA | 10.73±0.27 c | 15.47±0.69 c | 6.99 c | 8.84 c |
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