不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 1176-1187.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响

王碧胜^1,²(),于维水²,武雪萍²(),高丽丽³,李景⁴,宋霄君²,李生平²,卢晋晶²,郑凤君²,蔡典雄²()

¹青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛 266109
²中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
³中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
⁴河北地质大学水资源与环境学院,石家庄 050031

收稿日期:2020-05-31 接受日期:2020-07-14 出版日期:2021-03-16 发布日期:2021-03-25
通讯作者: 武雪萍,蔡典雄
作者简介:王碧胜,E-mail：wangbisheng2@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300804);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03);青岛农业大学博士基金(663/1120069)

Effects of Straw Addition on Soil Organic Carbon and Related Factors Under Different Tillage Practices

BiSheng WANG^1,²(),WeiShui YU²,XuePing WU²(),LiLi GAO³,Jing LI⁴,XiaoJun SONG²,ShengPing LI²,JinJing LU²,FengJun ZHENG²,DianXiong CAI²()

¹College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong
²Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
³Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
⁴College of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031

Received:2020-05-31 Accepted:2020-07-14 Online:2021-03-16 Published:2021-03-25
Contact: XuePing WU,DianXiong CAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究添加秸秆对不同耕作措施下土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响,为北方旱作农田固碳增产管理提供理论依据。【方法】采集长期进行传统耕作（CT）和免耕（NT）的大田土壤样品进行室内培养试验,共设置4个处理,分别为传统耕作土壤不加秸秆（CT）、免耕土壤不加秸秆（NT）、传统耕作土壤加秸秆（CTS）和免耕土壤加秸秆（NTS）,每个处理15次重复。在25℃恒温培养箱中进行通气培养,培养时间共180 d,此间定期取样进行有机碳含量、水稳性团聚体构成、土壤微生物量碳和相关土壤酶活性的测定。【结果】（1）添加秸秆显著提高土壤有机碳含量和大团聚体含量。与CT相比,CTS提高土壤有机碳含量15%—46%;与NT相比,NTS提高土壤有机碳含量12%—21%;培养结束时,CTS、NTS处理的有机碳含量较初始分别提高26.8%和7.0%。CTS和NTS处理以2 000—250 μm团聚体含量最高,占全部团聚体的41%—50%,CTS较CT提高>250 μm团聚体比例235%—310%,NTS较NT提高>250 μm团聚体比例96%—149%。（2）添加秸秆显著增加土壤有机碳δ¹³C值,CTS处理为80.93‰—115.22‰,NTS为48.92‰—80.49‰;CTS秸秆来源碳所占比例显著高于NTS,较NTS处理提高13%—66%。（3）添加秸秆显著提高微生物量碳（MBC）含量、β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、β-纤维二糖苷酶（CBH）和β-木糖苷酶（BXYL）活性。CTS较CT提高MBC含量239%—623%,提高BG、CBH和BXYL活性58%—170%、52%—337%和117%-170%;NTS较NT处理提高MBC含量124%—555%,提高BG、CBH和BXYL活性28%—181%、4%—304%和13%—118%。（4）土壤有机碳含量与BG、CBH和BXYL活性、MBC及>2 000 μm、2 000—250 μm团聚体比例呈显著正相关关系,与250—53 μm、＜53 μm团聚体比例呈显著负相关关系;BG、CBH、BXYL 3种酶活性彼此之间表现为极显著正相关关系,且均与MBC、>2 000 μm团聚体、2 000—250 μm团聚体显著正相关,与＜53 μm团聚体极显著负相关。线性相关分析结果表明水稳性大团聚体（>250 μm）可解释有机碳变化的48%,MBC可解释有机碳变化的45%,BG、CBH和BXYL酶活性分别可解释有机碳变化的66%、44%、53%。【结论】添加秸秆可显著提高土壤有机碳和大团聚体含量,促进微生物数量增加和土壤酶活性增强,且对传统耕作土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响更大,有机碳在土壤中的固定除了受团聚体物理保护外,还受土壤中微生物作用的调节。

关键词: 团聚体, 有机碳, δ¹³C, 土壤酶, 添加秸秆, 耕作措施

Abstract:

【Objective】Straw addition is an effective means to increase soil organic carbon, which is significant to ensure the sustainability of the organic carbon in the farmland system. This study aimed at investigating the effect of straw addition on soil organic carbon (SOC) and related factors under different tillage treatments, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the management of carbon sequestration and yield increase in northern dry farmland. 【Method】The field soil samples from long-term conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) for in-lab incubation experiment were collected. Four treatments were set up, namely, conventional tillage soil without straw (CT), no tillage soil without straw (NT), conventional tillage soil with straw (CTS), and no-till soil with straw (NTS), respectively. Each treatment owned 15 repetitions. The incubation experiment was conducted in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for 180 days, and the soil samples were periodically taken to determine the content of SOC, aggregate composition, microbial biomass carbon and the activity of related enzymes. 【Result】(1) Straw addition significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon and large aggregates. Compared with CT, CTS increased SOC by 15%-46%; compared with NT, NTS increased SOC 12%-21%; compared to the initial organic carbon content, at the end of cultivation, CTS and NTS increased by 26.8% and 7.0%, respectively. CTS and NTS had the highest particle size of 2 000-250 μm, accounting for 41%-50% of all aggregates. Compared with CT, CTS increased the proportion of aggregates >250 μm by 235%-310%, and NTS increased the proportion of aggregates >250 μm by 96%-149%. (2) The addition of straw significantly increased the δ¹³C value of soil organic carbon. The CTS treatment was 80.93‰-115.22‰, NTS was 48.92‰-80.49‰; CTS straw-derived carbon was significantly higher than NTS by 13%-66%. (3) The addition of straw significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, β-glucosidase (BG), β-cellobiosidase (CBH) and β-xylosidase (BXYL) activities. Compared with CT, CTS increased MBC content by 239%-623%, and increased BG, CBH and BXYL activity by 58%-170%, 52%-337% and 117%-170%, respectively; compared to NT, NTS increased MBC content by 124%-555%, and increased BG, CBH and BXYL activities by 28%-181%, 4%-304% and 13%-118%. (4) Soil organic carbon was significantly positively correlated with BG, CBH, BXYL activity, MBC and the proportion of >2 000 μm, 2 000-250 μm aggregates, and negatively correlated with the proportion of 250-53 μm and ＜53 μm aggregates. The activities of BG, CBH and BXYL showed a very significant positive correlation with each other, and were significantly positively correlated with MBC, >2 000 μm aggregates, 2 000-250 μm aggregates, and extremely negative with ＜53 μm aggregates. Linear correlation analysis results showed that water-stable macroaggregates (>250 μm) could explain 48% of organic carbon changes, MBC could explain 45% of organic carbon changes, and BG, CBH and BXYL enzyme activities could explain 66%, 44% and 53% of organic carbon changes, respectively. 【Conclusion】The addition of straw could significantly increase the content of soil organic carbon and macroaggregates, increase the number of microorganisms, and promote the soil enzyme activity. The impact on soil organic carbon and its related factors was greater in conventional tillage soils. In addition to the physical protection of aggregates, the sequestration of straw carbon in soil also depended on the role of microorganisms in the soil.

Key words: aggregate, soil organic carbon, δ¹³C, soil enzyme, straw addition, tillage practices

王碧胜,于维水,武雪萍,高丽丽,李景,宋霄君,李生平,卢晋晶,郑凤君,蔡典雄. 不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(6): 1176-1187.

BiSheng WANG,WeiShui YU,XuePing WU,LiLi GAO,Jing LI,XiaoJun SONG,ShengPing LI,JinJing LU,FengJun ZHENG,DianXiong CAI. Effects of Straw Addition on Soil Organic Carbon and Related Factors Under Different Tillage Practices[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1176-1187.

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项目 Item	SOC	MBC	BG	CBH	BXYL	>2000 μm	2000-250 μm	250-53 μm	＜53 μm
SOC	1	0.672**	0.810**	0.665**	0.730**	0.501*	0.691**	-0.724*	-0.489*
MBC		1	0.813**	0.811**	0.700**	0.690**	0.808**	-0.870**	-0.554*
BG			1	0.951**	0.928**	0.643**	0.538*	-0.665**	-0.271
CBH				1	0.926**	0.553*	0.448*	-0.591**	-0.173
BXYL					1	0.448*	0.39	-0.471*	-0.209

相关因子 Related factor (x)	SOC (y)
相关因子 Related factor (x)	方程式 Expression	R²	P
>2000 μm	y=2.0795x+24.466	0.2513	0.0243
2000-250 μm	y=0.192x+20.279	0.4770	0.0007
MBC	y=0.0052x+22.536	0.4510	0.0012
BG	y=0.0268x+20.987	0.6565	＜0.0001
CBH	y=0.0764x+23.509	0.4427	0.0014
BXYL	y=0.1179x+21.694	0.5330	0.0003

不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响

Effects of Straw Addition on Soil Organic Carbon and Related Factors Under Different Tillage Practices

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