中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (23): 4750-4763.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.23.003
收稿日期:
2020-02-24
接受日期:
2020-06-23
出版日期:
2020-12-01
发布日期:
2020-12-09
通讯作者:
樊高琼
作者简介:
张雪,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG Xue,YANG HongKun,ZHENG Ting,XIAO Yun,MO Piao,FAN GaoQiong()
Received:
2020-02-24
Accepted:
2020-06-23
Online:
2020-12-01
Published:
2020-12-09
Contact:
GaoQiong FAN
摘要:
【目的】西南麦区收获季多阴雨导致籽粒易穗发芽是造成该区域小麦品质变劣和商品性差的重要影响因素。研究脱落酸(ABA)喷施时期和喷施浓度对小麦穗发芽抑制效果及其对小麦籽粒品质的影响,提出适宜该区域的ABA喷施组合技术模式,为生产上利用植物生长调节剂调控穗发芽和改善小麦品质提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】以易穗发芽白皮小麦品种中科麦138和抗穗发芽红皮小麦品种绵麦367为试验材料,在灌浆初期(15 DAA)、灌浆后期(30 DAA)以及生理成熟期(35DAA),喷施不同浓度ABA(0、50、100 mg·L -1),研究其对两粒色小麦品种穗发芽表型,灌浆期间α-淀粉酶活性、籽粒可溶性糖和淀粉含量动态,收获后籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量、沉淀值,淀粉组分及RVA特征值的影响。【结果】(1)花后喷施不同浓度ABA对小麦穗发芽均有抑制作用,2个年度均以花后30 d喷施抑制发芽效果最好;收获期雨水较少年份(2018年)施用50 mg·L -1喷施浓度即可,中科麦138生理成熟期及蜡熟期的粒发芽率较对照下降13.8和3.8个百分点,绵麦367则较对照下降23.5和9.7个百分点;收获期雨水较多年份(2019年)则以100 mg·L -1喷施浓度抑制作用更优,中科麦138生理成熟期及蜡熟期的粒发芽率较对照下降22.5和19.6个百分点,绵麦367则较对照下降10.0和12.0个百分点;同时,不同时期不同浓度ABA处理后对种子发芽的抑制作用均在收获后60 d得以解除,不影响后续正常发芽。(2)外源喷施ABA后可降低α-淀粉酶活性,对穗发芽敏感期(花后35—45 d)α-淀粉酶活性抑制作用显著,以花后30 d喷施抑制效应最好,该时期喷施100 mg·L -1ABA,花后45 d籽粒α-淀粉酶活性较对照下降30.1%,可溶性糖含量较对照下降41.9%,而淀粉含量较对照提高10.2个百分点,淀粉水解受到抑制。(3)喷施ABA后可提高蛋白质质量,100 mg·L -1喷施浓度处理的沉淀值较CK提高4.3%—8.8%;外源喷施ABA对籽粒淀粉组分及面粉糊化特性影响更大,处理后支链淀粉含量增加进而总淀粉含量增加;100 mg·L -1喷施浓度处理的支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别较CK增加8.1和7.6个百分点,直/支比下降18.2%,面粉糊化特性进一步改善,降落值、峰值粘度和崩解值提升,随浓度增大呈增加趋势,100 mg·L -1喷施浓度处理的降落值、峰值粘度和崩解值较CK提高幅度分别为20.9%—24.2%、26.5%—51.4%和12.4%—43.4%。【结论】西南麦区于花后30 d喷施50—100 mg·L -1ABA,可有效抑制穗发芽敏感期α-淀粉酶活性,抑制淀粉水解,降低穗发芽率和粒发芽率,提高蛋白质质量,并可增加支链淀粉含量和总淀粉含量,降低直/支比,改善面粉的糊化特性,可作为西南麦区生育后期增强小麦穗发芽抗性及减损提质的重要栽培管理措施,建议加大其示范与推广力度。
张雪,杨洪坤,郑亭,肖云,莫飘,樊高琼. 外源ABA对两粒色小麦品种穗发芽及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(23): 4750-4763.
ZHANG Xue,YANG HongKun,ZHENG Ting,XIAO Yun,MO Piao,FAN GaoQiong. Effects of Exogenous ABA on Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance and Quality of White and Red Wheat Cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(23): 4750-4763.
表1
喷施时期和ABA浓度对两粒色小麦品种穗、粒发芽性状的方差分析"
处理 Treatment | 田间自然穗发芽率 Spike germination rate in field | 生理成熟期 Physiological maturity (35DAA) | 蜡熟期 Dough stage (45DAA) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
穗发芽率 Spike germination rate | 粒发芽率 Grain germination rate | 穗发芽率 Spike germination rate | 粒发芽率 Grain germination rate | |||
2018 | 品种Cultivar (A) | 15860.1** | 29.5* | 524.3** | 650.8** | 1.2ns |
喷施时期Spraying period (B) | 69.4** | 222.6** | 219.6** | 543.9** | 0.7ns | |
ABA浓度ABA concentration (C) | 371.5** | 145.8** | 234.0** | 59.0** | 15.9** | |
品种×喷施时期 A×B | 4.5ns | 63.6** | 22.8** | 0.0ns | 2.4ns | |
品种×ABA浓度 A×C | 36.0** | 5.0* | 36.4** | 4.4* | 1.9ns | |
喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C | 1.7ns | 0.4ns | 3.6ns | 8.6** | 3.1ns | |
品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C | 3.8* | 0.4ns | 9.8** | 5.2* | 5.0* | |
2019 | 品种Cultivar (A) | 1774.4** | 921.0** | 33.1* | 200.5** | 1.0ns |
喷施时期Spraying period (B) | 8.2* | 99.7** | 6.6* | 21.9** | 16.8** | |
ABA浓度ABA concentration (C) | 306.4** | 483.0** | 96.4** | 154.1** | 40.8** | |
品种×喷施时期 A×B | 4.7* | 6.2* | 2.3ns | 3.3ns | 0.2ns | |
品种×ABA浓度 A×C | 14.8** | 11.9** | 14.8** | 6.2** | 5.9** | |
喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C | 9.3** | 3.4* | 2.7ns | 4.8** | 2.5ns | |
品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C | 9.0** | 2.5ns | 1.5ns | 1.0ns | 3.4* |
表2
喷施时期和ABA浓度对两粒色小麦品种穗发芽与粒发芽的影响"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 田间自然穗发芽率 Spike germination rate in field (%) | 生理成熟期Physiological maturity (35DAA) | 蜡熟期Dough stage (45DAA) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
穗发芽率 Spike germination rate (%) | 粒发芽率 Grain germination rate (%) | 穗发芽率 Spike germination rate (%) | 粒发芽率 Grain germination rate (%) | |||||||||
ZKM138 | MM367 | ZKM138 | MM367 | ZKM138 | MM367 | ZKM138 | MM367 | ZKM138 | MM367 | |||
2018 | 喷施时期 Spraying period | B1 | 45.4a | 2.9b | 11.3b | 10.6b | 32.9b | 12.7b | 72.4b | 62.0b | 91.7a | 91.0a |
B2 | 47.3a | 3.9a | 17.5a | 12.4a | 51.2a | 19.3a | 82.9a | 72.5a | 96.2a | 91.3a | ||
ABA浓度 ABA concentration | CK | 51.9a | 7.2a | 22.7a | 16.7a | 49.8a | 30.0a | 85.1a | 81.2a | 95.3a | 95.2a | |
C1 | 42.8b | 0.9c | 8.8c | 7.2c | 36.0c | 6.5c | 70.0c | 53.2c | 91.5b | 85.5b | ||
C2 | 44.4b | 2.1b | 11.7b | 10.7b | 40.3b | 11.5b | 77.9b | 67.3b | 95.0a | 92.8a | ||
平均Mean | 46.4a | 3.4b | 14.4a | 11.5b | 42.1a | 16.0b | 77.6a | 67.3b | 93.9a | 91.2a | ||
2019 | 喷施时期 Spraying period | B3 | 65.7a | 17.1b | 29.6a | 19.7b | 38.6ab | 29.9a | 76.0a | 66.6a | 83.6a | 82.9a |
B1 | 65.6a | 16.8b | 23.2b | 17.3c | 34.4b | 28.7a | 67.1b | 62.1b | 73.0b | 73.2b | ||
B4 | 66.5a | 24.2a | 30.4a | 22.0a | 43.8a | 30.9a | 79.7a | 67.8a | 87.7a | 85.7a | ||
ABA浓度 ABA concentration | CK | 81.3a | 32.4a | 38.6a | 28.6a | 49.1a | 35.0a | 87.2a | 75.0a | 92.2a | 85.9a | |
C1 | 67.6b | 14.8b | 27.9b | 17.5b | 41.1b | 29.4b | 72.3b | 65.7b | 79.4b | 82.0a | ||
C2 | 48.9c | 11.0c | 16.7c | 12.8c | 26.6c | 25.0c | 63.3c | 55.8c | 72.6c | 73.9b | ||
平均Mean | 65.9a | 19.4b | 27.7a | 19.7b | 38.9a | 29.8b | 74.3a | 65.5b | 81.4a | 80.6a |
表3
喷施时期和ABA浓度对蛋白质和淀粉品质的方差分析"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白含量 Protein content | 沉淀值 Sedimentation value | 湿面筋含量 Wet gluten | 降落值 Falling number | 峰值粘度 Peak viscosity | 崩解值 Breakdown value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 品种Cultivar (A) | 0.0ns | 243.6** | 521.1** | 6348.7** | 6900.5** | 1313.9** |
喷施时期Spraying period (B) | 7.8* | 3.8ns | 3.4ns | 116.0** | 8.5* | 1.3ns | |
ABA浓度ABA concentration (C) | 0.3ns | 8.7** | 0.1ns | 174.9** | 81.1** | 15.9** | |
品种×喷施时期 A×B | 2.2ns | 1.2ns | 3.4ns | 98.0** | 12.3* | 4.1ns | |
品种×ABA浓度 A×C | 0.1ns | 10.7** | 14.1** | 5.5* | 8.0** | 14.4** | |
喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C | 5.0* | 20.8** | 2.1ns | 11.6** | 0.3ns | 1.0ns | |
品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C | 1.0ns | 17.4** | 9.0** | 0.9ns | 1.8ns | 0.5ns | |
2019 | 品种Cultivar (A) | 7.1ns | 108.5** | 2.1ns | 21952.0** | 1116.8** | 1249.7** |
喷施时期Spraying period (B) | 7.6* | 9.2** | 5.9* | 44.1** | 96.8** | 125.3** | |
ABA浓度ABA concentration (C) | 1.7ns | 26.1** | 62.2** | 68.3** | 91.6** | 80.3** | |
品种×喷施时期 A×B | 1.2ns | 8.1* | 29.3** | 18.0** | 10.5** | 16.3** | |
品种×ABA浓度 A×C | 3.4* | 20.8** | 1.0ns | 38.8** | 6.7** | 4.4* | |
喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C | 7.2** | 13.9** | 12.1** | 4.7** | 6.2** | 5.7** | |
品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C | 3.8* | 17.1** | 0.5ns | 6.1** | 5.4** | 5.5** |
表4
喷施时期和ABA浓度对蛋白质和淀粉品质的影响"
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白含量 Protein content (%) | 沉淀值 Sedimentation value (mL) | 湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%) | 降落值 Falling number (s) | 峰值粘度 Peak viscosity (RVU) | 崩解值 Breakdown value (RVU) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 品种 Cultivar | ZKM138 | 8.0a | 13.5a | 10.6a | 281a | 137.2a | 95.8a |
MM367 | 8.0a | 10.2b | 5.8b | 168b | 83.9b | 69.5b | ||
喷施时期 Spraying period | B1 | 8.1a | 12.1a | 8.3a | 232a | 114.1a | 83.7a | |
B2 | 7.8b | 11.6a | 8.1a | 219b | 107.0b | 81.6a | ||
ABA浓度 ABA concentration | CK | 8.0a | 11.7b | 8.2a | 198c | 96.6c | 77.6c | |
C1 | 8.0a | 11.7b | 8.2a | 233b | 112.9b | 83.3b | ||
C2 | 8.0a | 12.2a | 8.2a | 246a | 122.2a | 87.2a | ||
平均Mean | 8.0 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 225 | 110.6 | 82.7 | ||
2019 | 品种 Cultivar | ZKM138 | 9.2a | 13.0b | 13.3a | 65b | 11.1b | 13.7b |
MM367 | 9.1a | 17.2a | 13.2a | 123a | 32.4a | 34.0a | ||
喷施时期 Spraying period | B3 | 9.1b | 15.1ab | 12.8b | 105a | 25.0a | 26.9a | |
B1 | 9.0b | 15.8a | 13.5a | 90b | 21.1b | 23.3b | ||
B4 | 9.4a | 14.5b | 13.4 a | 87b | 19.1c | 21.4c | ||
ABA浓度 ABA concentration | CK | 9.2a | 14.8b | 12.1c | 86c | 17.3c | 19.6c | |
C1 | 9.1a | 14.4b | 13.3b | 91b | 21.8b | 23.9b | ||
C2 | 9.2a | 16.1a | 14.4a | 104a | 26.2a | 28.1a | ||
平均Mean | 9.2 | 15.1 | 13.3 | 94 | 21.8 | 23.9 |
表5
施药时期和ABA浓度对面粉总淀粉及其组分含量的影响"
处理 Treatment | 直链淀粉含量 Amylase content (%) | 支链淀粉含量Amylopectin content (%) | 直/支比 Amylase/Amylopectin ratio | 总淀粉含量 Starch content (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
品种 Cultivars | ZKM138 | 13.2b | 54.6a | 0.24b | 67.8a |
MM367 | 15.2a | 42.5b | 0.36a | 57.5b | |
喷施时期 Spraying period | B3 | 14.2a | 48.9a | 0.30b | 63.0a |
B1 | 14.1a | 50.7a | 0.29c | 64.6a | |
B4 | 14.2a | 46.1b | 0.32a | 60.4b | |
ABA浓度 ABA concentration | CK | 14.4a | 44.4c | 0.33a | 58.8c |
C1 | 14.2b | 48.8b | 0.30b | 62.7b | |
C2 | 13.9c | 52.5a | 0.27c | 66.4a | |
F值 F-value | 品种Cultivar (A) | 1080.0** | 191.3** | 157.8** | 129.8** |
喷施时期Spraying period (B) | 1.8ns | 15.6** | 27.1** | 13.7** | |
ABA浓度ABA concentration (C) | 27.4** | 65.0** | 79.5** | 51.3** | |
品种×喷施时期 A×B | 9.0** | 1.9ns | 0.4ns | 2.5ns | |
品种×ABA浓度 A×C | 4.3* | 4.6* | 1.7ns | 5.1* | |
喷施时期×ABA浓度 B×C | 1.9ns | 2.4ns | 5.4** | 2.0ns | |
品种×喷施时期×ABA浓度A×B×C | 1.6ns | 3.2* | 2.7ns | 2.6ns |
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