添加玉米秸秆对旱作土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 1553-1563.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.007

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

添加玉米秸秆对旱作土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响

王碧胜¹,于维水¹,武雪萍¹(),高丽丽^1,²,李景^1,³,李生平¹,宋霄君¹,刘彩彩^1,⁴,李倩^1,⁵,梁国鹏¹,蔡典雄¹,张继宗¹()

1 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
2 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
3 河北地质大学水资源与环境学院,石家庄 050031
4 山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾 041004
5 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048

收稿日期:2018-11-07 接受日期:2019-01-21 出版日期:2019-05-01 发布日期:2019-05-16
通讯作者: 武雪萍,张继宗
作者简介:王碧胜,E-mail： wangbisheng2@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300804);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1610132019033)

Effect of Straw Addition on the Formation of Aggregates and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Dryland Soil

WANG BiSheng¹,YU WeiShui¹,WU XuePing¹(),GAO LiLi^1,²,LI Jing^1,³,LI ShengPing¹,SONG XiaoJun¹,LIU CaiCai^1,⁴,LI Qian^1,⁵,LIANG GuoPeng¹,CAI DianXiong¹,ZHANG JiZong¹()

1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
2 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
3 College of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031
4 College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, Shanxi
5 College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048

Received:2018-11-07 Accepted:2019-01-21 Online:2019-05-01 Published:2019-05-16
Contact: XuePing WU,JiZong ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究玉米秸秆还田对不同耕作处理下旱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳的影响,旨在探究长期传统耕作土壤添加秸秆后团聚体及其有机碳的变化规律,并确定添加秸秆提高土壤有机碳的主要原因,为旱地农田固碳技术提供理论依据。【方法】采集大田长期试验地的传统耕作和免耕小区土样进行室内培养试验,设置4个处理,分别为传统耕作土壤不加秸秆（CT）、免耕土壤不加秸秆（NT）、传统耕作土壤加秸秆（CTS）和免耕土壤加秸秆（NTS）,15次重复;秸秆为传统耕作玉米植株地上部分,用量为5%烘干土质量,在25℃恒温培养箱中通气培养180 d,定期取样进行团聚体组成和有机碳含量的测定。【结果】（1）不加秸秆处理团聚体以250—53 μm为主,占全部团聚体的52%—66%;添加秸秆处理以2 000—250 μm团聚体为主,占全部团聚体的41%—50%,CTS较CT提高230%—302%,NTS较NT提高92%—134%。（2）添加秸秆处理平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）以及>0.25 mm团聚体百分比（R_0.25）显著提高,培养到180 d时,CTS较CT分别提高133%、130%和235%,NTS较NT分别提高53%、75%和87%。（3）培养至180 d时,CTS较CT分别提高250—53 μm和<53 μm团聚体有机碳70%和54%;NTS较NT分别提高250—53 μm和<53 μm团聚体有机碳30%和25%。（4）添加秸秆显著提高2 000—250 μm团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率,CTS和NTS分别为49%—61%和50%—60%,且受团聚体组成影响较大。【结论】添加秸秆能够有效提高旱作土壤大团聚体（>250 μm）形成并增强其稳定性,提高大团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率,且对传统耕作处理土壤的促进效果更明显。

关键词: 添加秸秆, 旱作土壤, 团聚体, 有机碳

Abstract:

【Objective】To understand the regularity of aggregation and organic carbon changes after adding straw in long-term conventional tillage soil and to explore the main reason of improved soil organic carbon, the effects of straw incorporation on soil aggregates and the organic carbon content in aggregate were determined, so as to provide theoretical basis for carbon fixation in dryland agriculture.【Method】 An in-lab incubation experiment was conducted for 180 days in a constant temperature incubator at 25℃ with the soil collected from conventional tillage and no-tillage field plot. Four treatments were set up, namely conventional soil without straw (CT), no-tillage soil without straw (NT), conventional tillage soil with straw (CTS) and no-till soil with straw (NTS). Each treatment was sampled 15 replicates periodically for aggregate and organic carbon determinations. The straw was the aboveground parts of maize collected from conventional tillage, and the dosage was 5% dry soil weight.【Result】 (1) Aggregate in CT and NT were dominated by 250-53 μm fraction, accounting for 52%-66% of total aggregates, while in CTS and NTS, the aggregates were dominated by 2 000-250 μm fraction, accounting for 41%-50% of total aggregates. CTS and NTS improved 2 000-250 μm aggregate by 230%-302% and 92%-134% relative to CT and NT, respectively. (2) Straw incorporation significantly increased the mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and macro-aggregate content (R_0.25) of water-table aggregates. In the 180th day, CTS increased 133%, 130%, and 235%, respectively; compared with CT, NTS increased 53%, 75% and 87%, respectively, compared with NT. (3) In the 180th day, compared with CT, CTS increased the organic carbon content in aggregate of 250-53 μm and <53 μm by 70% and 54%, respectively, and compared with NT, NTS increased in the same aggregates by 30% and 25%, respectively. (4) The contribution of organic carbon in 2 000-250 μm aggregate to soil organic carbon was significantly increased by CTS and NTS, with improvement of 49%-61% and 50%-60%, respectively, which was more affected by aggregate composition. 【Conclusion】 The addition of straw could effectively increase the content of macroaggregates (>250 μm) in the dryland, enhance its stability and increase the contribution of macroaggregates to soil organic carbon, and had a greater effect on the conventional tillage soil.

Key words: straw addition, dryland soil, aggregate, organic carbon

王碧胜,于维水,武雪萍,高丽丽,李景,李生平,宋霄君,刘彩彩,李倩,梁国鹏,蔡典雄,张继宗. 添加玉米秸秆对旱作土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(9): 1553-1563.

WANG BiSheng,YU WeiShui,WU XuePing,GAO LiLi,LI Jing,LI ShengPing,SONG XiaoJun,LIU CaiCai,LI Qian,LIANG GuoPeng,CAI DianXiong,ZHANG JiZong. Effect of Straw Addition on the Formation of Aggregates and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Dryland Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1553-1563.

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参考文献 32

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培养时间 Incubation time (d)	处理Treatment	MWD (mm)	GMD (mm)	R_0.25 (%)
0	CT	0.26±0.00b	0.13±0.00b	14.34±0.46b
	NT	0.43±0.01a	0.17±0.01a	16.28±0.42a
15	CT	0.24±0.00d	0.11±0.00c	13.12±0.16d
	NT	0.32±0.00c	0.15±0.00b	21.77±0.65c
	CTS	0.67±0.03a	0.28±0.01a	47.48±1.85a
	NTS	0.60±0.00b	0.27±0.01a	44.12±0.16b
30	CT	0.24±0.00d	0.12±0.00d	11.85±0.25d
	NT	0.33±0.00c	0.16±0.00c	20.36±0.19c
	CTS	0.66±0.01b	0.30±0.01b	44.35±0.54b
	NTS	0.72±0.01a	0.35±0.01a	50.62±0.67a
60	CT	0.24±0.00d	0.13±0.00d	12.30±0.31d
	NT	0.33±0.01c	0.17±0.00c	20.62±1.10c
	CTS	0.64±0.00a	0.34±0.00a	48.07±0.08a
	NTS	0.60±0.01b	0.32±0.00b	45.92±0.62b
90	CT	0.23±0.00c	0.12±0.00d	12.04±0.10c
	NT	0.35±0.01b	0.18±0.00c	22.74±0.89b
	CTS	0.64±0.00a	0.35±0.00b	49.40±0.59a
	NTS	0.66±0.01a	0.36±0.01a	50.93±0.63a
180	CT	0.26±0.00d	0.14±0.00d	13.43±0.44d
	NT	0.39±0.01c	0.20±0.01c	25.84±0.87c
	CTS	0.60±0.01b	0.32±0.00b	45.03±0.51b
	NTS	0.66±0.00a	0.36±0.00a	50.61±0.42a

培养时间 Incubation time	处理 Treatment	>2000 μm			2000—250 μm			250—53 μm			<53 μm
培养时间 Incubation time	处理 Treatment	W	P	OC	W	P	OC	W	P	OC	W	P	OC
15 d	CTS	2.2	2.7	6.7	17.7	30.5	-26.1	-20.7	-24.2	1.9	-9.6	-8.9	-3.1
	NTS	-1.4	-0.7	2.0	15.1	19.6	10.0	-8.3	-14.0	9.5	-5.7	-4.8	-0.2
30 d	CTS	3.4	3.1	7.4	26.2	26.9	-25.9	-11.4	-18.0	1.7	-8.7	-12.0	-1.8
	NTS	-0.2	0.9	-2.6	11.8	24.4	-4.1	-12.7	-15.2	8.4	-8.7	-10.2	-0.3
60 d	CTS	1.1	0.9	4.3	27.0	32.8	-28.2	-6.5	-16.9	2.5	-11.0	-16.8	-2.3
	NTS	-2.1	-1.5	-0.7	17.4	22.1	-4.3	-2.2	-8.8	9.6	-8.1	-11.8	1.4
90 d	CTS	0.3	0.3	1.5	28.9	34.7	-31.2	-12.5	-18.3	1.2	-11.8	-16.8	-3.1
	NTS	-2.1	-1.4	-5.0	21.2	27.0	-5.4	-7.0	-12.5	8.3	-9.3	-13.1	-0.4
180 d	CTS	0.7	0.5	16.5	26.5	30.2	-26.8	-4.9	-13.5	9.6	-11.1	-17.2	1.1
	NTS	-1.8	-1.1	-1.0	20.0	26.4	-5.9	-6.5	-11.0	7.5	-9.8	-14.3	0.0

添加玉米秸秆对旱作土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响

Effect of Straw Addition on the Formation of Aggregates and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Dryland Soil

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