中国农业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 1476-1488.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.08.005
刘易科1,佟汉文1,朱展望1,陈 泠1,邹 娟1,张宇庆1,高春保1,2
收稿日期:
2015-11-13
出版日期:
2016-04-16
发布日期:
2016-04-16
通讯作者:
高春保,E-mail:gcbgybwj@163.com
作者简介:
刘易科,E-mail:liuyi99168@sohu.com
基金资助:
LIU Yi-ke1, TONG Han-wen1, ZHU Zhan-wang1, CHEN Ling1, ZOU Juan1, ZHANG Yu-qing1, GAO Chun-bao1,2
Received:
2015-11-13
Online:
2016-04-16
Published:
2016-04-16
摘要: 赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB)是小麦最主要的病害之一,严重影响小麦生产安全和食品安全,研究小麦赤霉病抗性机理对于解决小麦赤霉病这一世界性难题具有重要意义。根据对赤霉病的抗性表现形式,将小麦赤霉病抗性分为五个大类,分别为抗侵入(Type I)、抗扩展(Type II)、籽粒抗感染(Type III)、耐病性(Type Ⅳ)和抗毒素积累(Type V)。小麦赤霉病的抗性机理可以分为形态机制和生理机制,形态抗性机制是被动的,株高、抽穗期、花期长短、花药挤出程度、有芒无芒、穗长、穗密度、颖壳张开程度和穗部蜡质程度等形态特征均可能与赤霉病抗侵染特性有关。细胞学研究表明,病原菌侵染后抗病品种可迅速从细胞结构和生理生化方面产生防卫反应,通过乳突、胞壁沉积物的形成以及木质素、硫堇、富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白和水解酶类等的增长来协同抵御病菌在体内的扩展。在植物复杂的信号途径中,水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)和乙烯(ET)3种信号途径在植物抵御病原菌入侵中的作用最为重要,SA和ET信号途径对小麦赤霉病抗性方面的作用目前还存在一定争议,而JA信号途径在小麦赤霉病抗性中积极作用已经被多数研究者所证实。迄今为止,人类定位了200个以上不同类型的抗赤霉病QTL位点,这些位点分布于所有的小麦染色体,其中的22个QTL位点被不同的作图群体所定位,包括2个定位在3BS和6BS染色体上稳定的抗扩展位点Fhb1和Fhb2,以及2个定位在4B和5A染色体上的抗侵染位点Fhb4和Fhb5。在受到病原菌侵染后,植物会产生一系列复杂的信号途径激活应答反应,诱导抗病相关基因的表达,进而引起蛋白以及代谢水平的变化,抵御病原菌的侵袭,研究表明,病程相关蛋白基因、抗菌肽基因、转录因子基因、脱毒相关蛋白基因以及其他赤霉病抗性相关基因均参与了小麦赤霉病抗性提高的过程。随着生物工程技术和生物信息技术的迅猛发展,将来可利用图位克隆技术分离抗赤霉病主效基因,并在全基因组关联分析和各种组学技术的基础上,从全基因组和基因调控网络水平上研究小麦赤霉病抗性机理,以期在更深层次上理解小麦赤霉病的抗性机理。
刘易科,佟汉文,朱展望,陈泠,邹娟,张宇庆,高春保. 小麦赤霉病抗性机理研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(8): 1476-1488.
LIU Yi-ke, TONG Han-wen, ZHU Zhan-wang, CHEN Ling, ZOU Juan, ZHANG Yu-qing, GAO Chun-bao. Progress in Research on Mechanism of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(8): 1476-1488.
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