钾营养水平对油菜苗期抗湿害能力及内源激素平衡的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究钾对油菜抗湿害能力的影响，揭示钾参与油菜响应湿害胁迫的生理调节机制，为油菜生产上有效应对湿害胁迫提供理论支撑。【方法】采用砂培盆栽试验，设置正常浇水（CK）和湿害（WL）2个水分处理，及1.0 mmol K₂SO₄·L^-1（HK）、0.1 mmol K₂SO₄·L^-1（LK）2个钾水平，共有HK_CK、HK_WL、LK_CK和LK_WL 4个处理，分别为正常水分和钾肥、单一湿害、单一缺钾和湿害缺钾处理。在油菜苗期进行7 d湿害胁迫，比较不同钾肥水平下油菜生长、光合特征、抗氧化酶活性和内源激素等的差异。【结果】湿害和钾营养水平对油菜生长影响显著，生物量、根冠比和净光合速率均呈现HK_CK>HK_WL>LK_CK>LK_WL的趋势。湿害引起叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性升高，LK处理（LK_CK和LK_WL）的SOD和CAT活性显著低于HK处理（HK_CK和HK_WL）。然而，LK处理的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著高于HK处理。湿害和缺钾对油菜内源激素影响显著，叶片脱落酸（ABA）含量呈现HK_CK<HK_WL<LK_CK<LK_WL的趋势。湿害胁迫7 d，叶片茉莉酸（JA）含量在缺钾和湿害条件下均显著增加，且在LK_WL处理下增幅最大。湿害和缺钾均会诱导水杨酸（SA）积累，且在LK_WL处理下根系和叶片中SA含量最高。与之相对的是，在恢复生长阶段，湿害和缺钾均导致组织中吲哚乙酸（IAA）含量显著降低，且在LK处理（LK_CK和LK_WL）下降幅最大。【结论】湿害导致油菜生长受阻、严重抑制根系生长，提高钾肥水平能显著促进根系生长和K⁺吸收、提高叶片光合作用能力和SOD、CAT活性，从而提高油菜抗湿害能力。湿害胁迫激发叶片ABA、JA和SA的积累，提高钾肥水平可显著缓解ABA和JA积累诱导的胁迫应激反应，并促进胁迫解除后根系和叶片IAA的积累，进而促进油菜恢复生长。

关键词: 湿害, 钾, 油菜, 内源激素, 渍害

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effect of potassium (K) on the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and elucidate the physiological regulatory mechanisms involving K in the plant's response to waterlogging stress, to provide a theoretical basis for effective waterlogging management in rapeseed production. 【Method】A sand culture pot experiment was conducted with two water treatments: well-watered (CK) and waterlogging (WL), and two potassium levels: 1.0 mmol K₂SO₄·L^-1 (HK) and 0.1 mmol K₂SO₄·L^-1 (LK). Seven-day waterlogging stress was imposed at the seedling stage. Differences in growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone levels under different K levels were compared. 【Result】Rapeseed growth was significantly affected by waterlogging and K level. Biomass, root-shoot ratio, and net photosynthetic rate consistently exhibited the hierarchical pattern: HK_CK>HK_WL>LK_CK>LK_WL. Waterlogging elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in leaves, while the activities of both enzymes were suppressed in LK treatments (LK_CK and LK_WL) compared to HK treatments (HK_CK and HK_WL). Consequently, the MDA content was significantly higher in the LK treatments than in the HK treatment. Waterlogging and K deficiency profoundly altered the endogenous hormone profiles in rapeseed. Leaf abscisic acid (ABA) cotent progressively increased across treatments: HK_CK<HK_WL<LK_CK<LK_WL. Both waterlogging and potassium deficiency significantly increased the leaf jasmonic acid (JA) content after 7 d of waterlogging stress, peaking at LK_WL treatment. Waterlogging and K deficiency induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, with the highest SA content observed in LK_WL treatment. During the recovery stage, both waterlogging and potassium deficiency induced the decrease of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in root and leaf, with the most pronounced depletion occurring in LK treatments (LK_CK and LK_WL). 【Conclusion】Waterlogging stress inhibited rapeseed growth and severely restricted root development. Root growth and K⁺ uptake were significantly promoted, and leaf photosynthetic capacity as well as SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by elevated K levels, thereby improving waterlogging tolerance. Waterlogging stress triggered the accumulation of ABA, JA, and SA in leaves. The stress responses induced by ABA and JA accumulation were significantly alleviated by improved K levels and promoted the accumulation of IAA in roots and leaves after stress removal, facilitating the recovery growth of rapeseed.

Key words: waterlogging, potassium, Brassica napus L., endogenous hormones, flooding

申丽琼, 何林丽, 刘倪, 陆俊杏, 朱波, 张涛. 钾营养水平对油菜苗期抗湿害能力及内源激素平衡的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(3): 528-542.

SHEN LiQiong, HE LinLi, LIU Ni, LU JunXing, ZHU Bo, ZHANG Tao. Effects of Potassium Levels on Waterlogging Resistance and Endogenous Hormone Balance of Rapeseed During Seedling Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 528-542.

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