中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2630-2644.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

施钾对根际土壤微生物群落和甘蔗生长的影响

赵勇1,2(), 张仲富1,2, 王禹童1,2, 艾静1,2, 刘家勇1,2, 吴建明3, 邓军1,2(), 张跃彬1,2()   

  1. 1 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,昆明 650000
    2 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所,云南开远 661699
    3 广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所,南宁 530007
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02 接受日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 通信作者:
    邓军,E-mail:
    张跃彬,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 赵勇,E-mail:18087395132@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室项目(NKLTCB-YAAS-2024S04); 现代农业产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-17); 云南省基础研究计划农业联合专项(202301BD070001-213); 云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(2022YFD2301100); 开远甘蔗生长与环境云南省野外科学观测研究站项目(202205AM070001)

Effects of Potassium Application on Root Rhizosphere Microbial Community Changes and Growth of Sugarcane

ZHAO Yong1,2(), ZHANG ZhongFu1,2, WANG YuTong1,2, AI Jing1,2, LIU JiaYong1,2, WU JianMing3, DENG Jun1,2(), ZHANG YueBin1,2()   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biological Breeding, Kunming 650000
    2 Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan
    3 Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
  • Received:2024-09-02 Accepted:2024-10-10 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要:

【目的】 探明甘蔗分蘖期不同施钾水平根际土壤细菌、真菌群落与功能变化特征及对甘蔗生长的影响,为分蘖期甘蔗施钾提供理论依据和生产指导。【方法】 以新品种云蔗1696为研究材料,连续3年在甘蔗分蘖期研究不同钾肥(K2O)施用水平(0、75、150、225和300 kg·hm-2)对甘蔗生长速率、根际土壤细菌、真菌群落结构及甘蔗产糖量的影响。【结果】 (1)在分蘖期施用钾肥的2个月内,随施钾水平的提高甘蔗绝对生长速率先增强后减弱;连续3年施用不同钾肥处理后,新植、宿根一年和宿根二年甘蔗生长表现一致,均为随施钾量增大,甘蔗产量和蔗糖分先增后减,且生长速率、产量和蔗糖分在施钾150 kg·hm-2表现最优。(2)不同施钾水平对根际土壤细菌和真菌丰度影响不同,且影响群落结构和多样性。细菌菌落丰度差异主要集中在变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、厚壁菌门;真菌菌落丰度差异主要集中在担子菌门、子囊菌门、壶菌门。根际细菌和真菌群落丰度和多样性随施钾水平增加呈先降后升的趋势,存在施肥拐点(150 kg·hm-2)。(3)不同施钾水平的主要微生物群落丰度与甘蔗产糖量相关性分析表明,细菌的放线菌门、变形菌门和真菌的担子菌门、子囊菌门、壶菌门丰度与甘蔗产糖量呈显著相关关系。这些菌落在土壤固氮、有机质分解、养分循环和抑制病原菌等方面发挥积极作用。【结论】 分蘖期合理施钾可以改善根际土壤微生物群落结构,进而促进甘蔗生长。不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量、蔗糖分及根际土壤细菌和真菌等功能菌群的影响存在差异,其中施钾量150 kg·hm-2对土壤微生物群落结构优化及甘蔗产糖量的提升效果最明显。

关键词: 钾肥, 甘蔗, 生长速率, 产量, 根际微生物

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the characteristics of changes in the bacterial and fungal communities and functions in the rhizosphere soil and their influences on sugarcane growth during the tillering stage under different potassium application levels, so as to provide a theoretical basis and production guidance for potassium application during the tillering stage of sugarcane. 【Method】 Using the new variety YZ1696 as the experimental material, a three-year continuous field trial was conducted during the sugarcane tillering stage, applying five different potassium fertilizer levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg·hm-2) to investigate the effects on the growth rate of sugarcane, the structure and function of the rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community, and the sucrose yield of sugarcane. 【Result】 (1) Within two months after potassium application during the tillering stage, the absolute growth rate of sugarcane initially increased and then decreased as the potassium application level increased. After three consecutive years of targeted application of different potassium fertilizer treatments, the growth performance of new plantings, one-year-old ratoons, and two-year-old ratoons was consistent, showing that both the sugarcane yield and sucrose content first increased and then decreased with increasing potassium fertilization gradient, and the growth rate, yield, and sucrose content of sugarcane were the optimal under a potassium application of 150 kg·hm-2. (2) Different potassium application treatments had significantly influenced the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil and the composition of the microbial community and diversity. The differences in bacterial abundance mainly concentrated in Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Nitrospirota, and Firmicutes, while the differences in fungal abundance mainly concentrated in Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Chytridiomycota. The structure and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities exhibited a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase in potassium application level, and a fertilization inflection point was at a potassium application of 150 kg·hm-2. (3) Correlation analysis between the abundance of the main microbial communities and the sucrose yield of sugarcane under different potassium application treatments indicated that the abundances of bacterial Actinobacteriota and fungal Proteobacteria, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Chytridiomycota were significantly correlated with the sucrose yield of sugarcane. These microorganisms played positive roles in nitrogen fixation, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in the soil. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate potassium application during the tillering stage could improve the structure and function of the rhizosphere soil microbial community, thereby promoting sugarcane growth. However, different potassium application levels had varying effects on sugarcane yield, sucrose content, the functional microbial communities of bacteria and fungi, among which the potassium application level of 150 kg·hm-2 had the most significant effect on optimizing the structure of the soil microbial community and enhancing the sucrose yield of sugarcane.

Key words: potassium, sugarcane, growth rate, yield, rhizosphere microorganism