不同杀菌剂对玉米南方锈病的毒力测定及其田间防治效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (17): 3795-3806.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.007

不同杀菌剂对玉米南方锈病的毒力测定及其田间防治效果

王思琪¹^,²(), 朱晓明³, 马红霞², 孙华², 张硕², 郭宁², 石洁²()

¹ 河北农业大学植物保护学院，河北保定 071001
² 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/国家植保微生物种质资源库（河北）/河北省农业有害生物综合防治技术创新中心/河北省作物有害生物综合防治国际科技联合研究中心，河北保定 071000
³ 全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100125

收稿日期:2026-04-09 接受日期:2026-05-04 出版日期:2026-09-03 发布日期:2026-09-03
通信作者:
石洁，E-mail：shij99@163.com
联系方式: 王思琪，E-mail：1852432887@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02)

Toxicity Determination and Field Control Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Southern Corn Rust

WANG SiQi¹^,²(), ZHU XiaoMing³, MA HongXia², SUN Hua², ZHANG Shuo², GUO Ning², SHI Jie²()

¹ College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei
² Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/National Collection of Plant-Associated Microbes (Hebei)/IPM Innovation Centre of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei
³ National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125

Received:2026-04-09 Accepted:2026-05-04 Published:2026-09-03 Online:2026-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】南方锈病是由多堆柄锈菌（Puccinia polysora）引起的重要玉米病害，严重威胁产量。论文旨在筛选高效玉米南方锈病防治药剂并明确其室内毒力、苗期持效期、保护与治疗作用及田间防效与挽回产量损失率（挽产率），为科学用药提供依据。【方法】采用孢子萌发抑制法和芽管伸长抑制法，测定95%苯醚甲环唑、98%吡唑醚菌酯、95%氟吡菌酰胺、94.4%氰烯菌酯、96%噻呋酰胺和97%氟唑菌酰羟胺共6种杀菌剂对多堆柄锈菌的室内毒力，并选取毒力较强的药剂进行苗期及田间试验。苗期采用先施药后接菌和先接菌后施药的方法，以35%唑醚·氟环唑SC为常规对照药剂，清水处理为空白对照，评估药剂的持效期、保护作用和治疗作用。田间玉米大喇叭口期，设置保护、治疗和综合3种施药方式，在保定市竞秀区和定兴县2个地点开展试验；于接菌后14、21及45 d（成熟期）逐株调查发病情况，计算病情指数、防治效果，并于收获期测量果穗性状计算挽产率。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明，98%吡唑醚菌酯、96%噻呋酰胺、95%苯醚甲环唑、97%氟唑菌酰羟胺对多堆柄锈菌夏孢子芽管伸长的抑制活性均高于对孢子萌发的抑制活性，抑制孢子萌发的EC₅₀分别为0.019、5.468、6.362、8.440 mg·L^-1；抑制芽管伸长的EC₅₀分别为0.007、0.072、3.738、4.136 mg·L^-1。苗期防效结果初步显示25%吡唑醚菌酯EC药效持效期至少10 d，且具有较好的保护和治疗作用，其防效分别为88.89%、73.97%；10%苯醚甲环唑WDG的持效期约为7—10 d，结果显示其保护作用较好，防效为80.00%。田间药效试验结果进一步表明，25%吡唑醚菌酯EC的防效最好，接菌后14和45 d，综合性施药防效分别为67.72%—70.00%和58.89%—60.80%，挽产率为37.06%—40.29%，药效较为稳定；10%苯醚甲环唑WDG作为保护性药剂较好，接菌后14和45 d防效分别为67.78%—70.43%和22.22%—58.39%，挽产率为24.75%—35.01%，药效持效期短。氟唑菌酰羟胺和噻呋酰胺的防效和挽产率均较低。【结论】建议25%吡唑醚菌酯EC作为保护性药剂和综合性药剂施用；10%苯醚甲环唑WDG与不同作用方式的杀菌剂复配使用；不建议氟唑菌酰羟胺和噻呋酰胺用于玉米南方锈病的防治。

关键词: 玉米南方锈病, 多堆柄锈菌, 毒力测定, 防治效果, 挽回产量损失率

Abstract:

【Objective】Southern corn rust, caused by Puccinia polysora, is an important maize disease that seriously threatens crop yield. This paper aimed to screen high-efficiency fungicides for the control of southern corn rust and clarify their indoor toxicity, seedling-stage persistent efficacy, protective and curative effects, as well as field control efficacy and yield loss recovery rate (yield retention rate), so as to provide a scientific basis for rational pesticide application.【Method】The spore germination inhibition assay and germ tube elongation inhibition assay were used to determine the indoor toxicities of six fungicides, including 95% difenoconazole, 98% pyraclostrobin, 95% fluopyram, 94.4% phenamacril, 96% thifluzamide, and 97% pydiflumetofen, against P. polysora. Fungicides with superior toxic activity were selected for subsequent seedling-stage and field experiments. In the seedling experiment, two treatment procedures were adopted: pesticide application prior to pathogen inoculation and pathogen inoculation prior to pesticide application. 35% pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC was set as the conventional reference fungicide, and clean water served as the blank control to evaluate the persistent duration, protective effect, and curative effect of tested fungicides. In the field, three application modes (protective, curative, and comprehensive) were established at the maize big trumpet stage, and field trials were conducted in Jingxiu District and Dingxing County of Baoding City. Disease incidence of individual plants was investigated at 14, 21, and 45 days after inoculation (maturity stage). The disease index and control efficacy were calculated, and ear traits were measured at harvest to determine the yield retention rate.【Result】The indoor toxicity results showed that 98% pyraclostrobin, 96% thifluzamide, 95% difenoconazole, and 97% pydiflumetofen exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on germ tube elongation than on spore germination of P. polysora urediniospores. The EC₅₀ values for spore germination inhibition were 0.019, 5.468, 6.362, and 8.440 mg·L^-1, respectively; the EC₅₀ values for germ tube elongation inhibition were 0.007, 0.072, 3.738, and 4.136 mg·L^-1, respectively. Seedling tests indicated that 25% pyraclostrobin EC possessed a persistent efficacy of no less than 10 d, with favorable protective and curative effects of 88.89% and 73.97%, respectively. The persistent period of 10% difenoconazole WDG was approximately 7-10 d, and it showed a good protective effect with a control efficacy of 80.00%. Field trials further verified that 25% pyraclostrobin EC presented the best and relatively stable control efficacy. Under comprehensive application, its control efficacies were 67.72%-70.00% at 14 d and 58.89%-60.80% at 45 d after inoculation, with a yield retention rate of 37.06%-40.29%. As a suitable protective fungicide, 10% difenoconazole WDG showed control efficacies of 67.78%-70.43% (14 d) and 22.22%-58.39% (45 d), with a yield retention rate of 24.75%-35.01%, but its persistent efficacy was short. Both pydiflumetofen and thifluzamide showed poor control efficacy and low yield retention rate.【Conclusion】25% pyraclostrobin EC is recommended for application as both a protective and comprehensive fungicide against southern corn rust. 10% difenoconazole WDG is suitable for tank mixture with fungicides of different modes of action. Pydiflumetofen and thifluzamide are not recommended for the control of southern corn rust.

Key words: southern corn rust (SCR), Puccinia polysora, toxicity determination, control efficacy, yield loss recovery rate

王思琪, 朱晓明, 马红霞, 孙华, 张硕, 郭宁, 石洁. 不同杀菌剂对玉米南方锈病的毒力测定及其田间防治效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(17): 3795-3806.

WANG SiQi, ZHU XiaoMing, MA HongXia, SUN Hua, ZHANG Shuo, GUO Ning, SHI Jie. Toxicity Determination and Field Control Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Southern Corn Rust[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3795-3806.

图/表 9

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表5

表6

表7

不同药剂保护性处理对南方锈病的田间防效及挽产作用"

地点 Location	药剂 Fungicide	接种后14 d 14 d after inoculation		接种后21 d 21 d after inoculation		接种后45 d 45 d after inoculation		挽产率 Yield retention rate (%)
地点 Location	药剂 Fungicide	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	挽产率 Yield retention rate (%)
竞秀 Jingxiu	10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	10.74±0.18d	67.78±0.56a	33.33±0d	58.33±0.33a	38.52±0.37f	58.39±0.56a	35.01±3.32a
	25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	10.00±0.32d	70.00±0.96a	41.48±1.48c	48.11±2.24b	49.45±0.16d	46.59±1.41c	33.46±7.92a
	200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1Pydiflumetofen SC	29.63±0.37b	11.11±1.11c	71.85±1.61b	10.14±2.73c	84.07±1.62b	9.20±1.75e	13.89±0.72bc
	240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1Thifluzamide SC	28.52±0.37c	14.44±1.11b	70.00±2.94b	12.55±3.00c	77.78±0c	16.00±0.34d	4.90±1.64c
	35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	10.37±0.19d	68.89±0.56a	33.33±0d	58.33±0.33a	42.59±1.62e	54.00±1.78b	26.35±3.83a
	CK	33.33±0a	—	80.00±0.64a	—	92.59±0.37a	—	—
定兴 Dingxing	10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	10.19±0.19b	70.43±0.29a	32.96±0.37c	54.57±1.10b	77.78±0b	22.22±0c	24.75±3.03b
	25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	9.63±0.19b	72.04±0.28a	11.11±0d	84.69±0.20a	39.63±2.43d	60.37±2.43a	45.61±0.43a
	200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1 Pydiflumetofen SC	33.33±0a	3.16±1.80b	54.44±0.64b	24.96±1.70c	100.00±0a	0d	4.84±3.58c
	240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1 Thifluzamide SC	32.96±0.37a	4.20±2.75b	54.44±0.64b	24.97±1.56c	100.00±0a	0d	9.07±0.60c
	35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	9.08±0.81b	73.60±2.54a	10.19±0.37d	85.97±0.51a	55.56±0c	44.44±0b	41.05±1.21a
	CK	34.44±0.64a	—	72.59±0.98a	—	100.00±0a	—	—

表7

表8

不同药剂治疗性处理对南方锈病的田间防效及挽产效果"

地点 Location	药剂 Fungicide	接种后14 d 14 d after inoculation		接种后21 d 21 d after inoculation		接种后45 d 45 d after inoculation		挽产率 Yield retention rate (%)
地点 Location	药剂 Fungicide	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	挽产率 Yield retention rate (%)
竞秀 Jingxiu	10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	30.74±0.37b	7.78±1.11c	52.59±0.37d	34.24±0.96c	63.33±1.11c	31.59±1.47c	22.24±2.77a
	25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	10.19±0.19d	69.44±0.56a	16.67±1.11f	79.16±1.40a	50.37±1.33e	45.60±1.40a	32.85±6.28a
	200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1Pydiflumetofen SC	29.26±0.37c	12.22±1.11b	72.22±1.11b	9.71±1.56d	81.48±0.37b	12.00±0.65d	9.23±2.55b
	240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1Thifluzamide SC	33.33±0a	0d	69.26±0.98c	13.40±1.92d	82.22±1.28b	11.19±1.44d	6.32±3.66b
	35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	10.74±0.18d	67.78±0.55a	25.56±0.64e	68.06±0.71b	54.44±0.64d	41.20±0.73b	25.24±2.21a
	CK	33.33±0a	—	80.00±0.64a	—	92.59±0.37a	—	—
定兴Dingxing	10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	32.22±0.64b	6.35±3.07b	54.07±0.37b	25.47±1.48c	90.74±3.87b	9.26±3.87b	19.27±2.03a
	25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	32.96±0.37ab	4.23±2.12b	54.07±0.37b	25.49±1.04c	72.96±2.89c	27.04±2.89a	26.66±3.63a
	200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1Pydiflumetofen SC	32.96±0.37ab	4.27±0.99b	48.52±0.98c	33.16±1.20b	99.63±0.37a	0.37±0.37c	2.35±3.74b
	240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1Thifluzamide SC	33.33±0ab	3.16±1.80b	46.30±0.98c	36.18±2.07b	99.26±0.37a	0.74±0.37c	2.27±2.82b
	35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	9.07±0.37c	73.60±1.50a	11.11±0d	84.69±0.20a	78.15±0.37c	21.85±0.37a	18.89±4.95a
	CK	34.44±0.64a	—	72.59±0.98a	—	100.00±0a	—	—

表8

表9

不同药剂综合性处理对南方锈病的田间防效及挽产效果"

地点 Location	药剂 Fungicide	接种后14 d 14 d after inoculation		接种后21 d 21 d after inoculation		接种后45 d 45 d after inoculation		挽产率 Yield retention rate (%)
地点 Location	药剂 Fungicide	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	挽产率 Yield retention rate (%)
竞秀 Jingxiu	10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	10.56±0b	68.33±0b	33.33±0c	58.33±0.33b	35.19±0.37d	62.00±0.35b	32.22±2.68ab
	25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	10.00±0.32c	70.00±0.96a	33.33±0c	58.33±0.33b	36.30±0.74d	60.80±0.89b	37.06±5.77a
	200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1Pydiflumetofen SC	33.33±0a	0c	70.74±2.43b	11.57±3.02c	87.78±0.64b	5.19±1.04d	20.76±32.89bc
	240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1Thifluzamide SC	33.33±0a	0c	67.78±1.93b	15.31±1.73c	77.78±0c	16.00±0.34c	18.42±4.29c
	35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	9.63±0.19c	71.11±0.56a	23.33±1.28d	70.82±1.74a	24.07±1.38e	74.01±1.34a	28.76±0.60abc
	CK	33.33±0a	—	80.00±0.64a	—	92.59±0.37a	—	—
定兴Dingxing	10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	9.63±0.37d	71.99±1.53a	23.70±0.98d	67.32±1.64c	67.04±6.43b	32.96±6.43b	24.34±1.34b
	25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	11.11±0d	67.72±0.60a	11.11±0f	84.69±0.20a	41.11±3.57c	58.89±3.57a	40.29±1.55a
	200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1 PydiflumetofenSC	33.33±0a	3.16±1.80d	54.44±0b	24.98±1.01e	100.00±0a	0c	4.98±5.59c
	240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1 Thifluzamide SC	26.30±0.37b	23.64±0.72c	33.70±0.37c	53.54±1.07d	99.26±0.37a	0.74±0.37c	5.20±7.45c
	35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	13.52±1.13c	60.60±4.02b	18.89±1.28e	74.00±1.55b	35.56±1.93c	64.44±1.93a	39.31±2.06a
	CK	34.44±0.64a	—	72.59±0.98a	—	100.00±0a	—	—

表9

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药剂 Fungicide	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation (y=)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	EC₅₀(mg·L^-1)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
95%苯醚甲环唑95% Difenoconazole	-1.96+2.44x	0.993	6.362	5.382-7.248
98%吡唑醚菌酯98% Pyraclostrobin	4.58+2.65x	0.993	0.019	0.016-0.021
95%氟吡菌酰胺95% Fluopyram	-19.43+9.20x	0.985	130.418	128.074-132.819
97%氟唑菌酰羟胺97% Pydiflumetofen	-4.27+4.62x	0.993	8.440	7.784-9.036
96%噻呋酰胺96% Thifluzamide	-0.99+1.37x	0.992	5.468	4.149-6.897
94.4%氰烯菌酯94.4% Phenamacril	-24.80+12.58x	0.986	94.171	92.932-95.424

药剂 Fungicide	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation (y=)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	EC₅₀(mg·L^-1)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval
95%苯醚甲环唑95% Difenoconazole	-1.33+2.29x	0.991	3.738	2.734-4.599
98%吡唑醚菌酯98% Pyraclostrobin	4.58+2.65x	0.993	0.007	0.016-0.021
95%氟吡菌酰胺95% Fluopyram	-8.16+4.56x	0.992	61.148	50.792-69.040
97%氟唑菌酰羟胺97% Pydiflumetofen	-1.37+2.25x	0.992	4.136	2.750-5.208
96%噻呋酰胺96% Thifluzamide	0.52+0.45x	0.994	0.072	0.001-0.385
94.4%氰烯菌酯94.4% Phenamacril	-7.70+4.59x	0.990	46.973	35.008-54.995

药剂Fungicide	病情指数Disease index	防治效果Control efficacy (%)
10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	11.11±2.14de	80.00±3.85ab
25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	6.17±1.24e	88.89±2.22a
200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1 Pydiflumetofen SC	37.04±2.14b	33.33±3.85d
240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1 Thifluzamide SC	30.86±1.23c	44.45±2.22c
35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	12.34±1.23d	77.78±2.22b
CK	55.56±2.14a	—

药剂Fungicide	病情指数Disease index	防治效果Control efficacy (%)
10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	34.57±1.24d	61.64±1.37b
25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	23.46±3.27e	73.97±3.62a
200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1Pydiflumetofen SC	58.03±1.23b	35.62±1.37d
240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1Thifluzamide SC	50.62±1.23c	43.84±1.37c
35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	24.69±3.27e	72.60±3.62a
CK	90.12±2.47a	—

不同杀菌剂对玉米南方锈病的毒力测定及其田间防治效果

Toxicity Determination and Field Control Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Southern Corn Rust

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药剂 Fungicide	生产厂家 Manufacturer	田间用药量 Field application rate (g a.i./hm²)
10%苯醚甲环唑WDG 10% Difenoconazole WDG	东莞市瑞德丰生物科技有限公司 Dongguan Ruidefeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	45
25%吡唑醚菌酯EC 25% Pyraclostrobin EC	巴斯夫植物保护有限公司 BASF Crop Protection Co., Ltd.	125
200 g·L^-1氟唑菌酰羟胺SC 200 g·L^-1Pydiflumetofen SC	先正达南通作物保护有限公司 Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co., Ltd.	100
240 g·L^-1噻呋酰胺SC 240 g·L^-1 Thifluzamide SC	山东康乔生物技术有限公司 Shandong Kangqiao Bio-technology Co., Ltd.	120
35%唑醚·氟环唑SC 35% Pyraclostrobin·epoxiconazole SC	山东仕邦农化有限公司 Shandong Shibang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.	130

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