绿色高效生产模式下新疆棉花单产提升面临问题与途径分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.06.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 1102-1115.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.06.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

绿色高效生产模式下新疆棉花单产提升面临问题与途径分析

田立文¹(), 娄善伟¹(), 张鹏忠¹, 杜明伟², 罗宏海³, 李杰¹, 帕尔哈提·买买提¹, 马腾飞¹, 张立祯¹

¹ 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院/国家棉花工程技术研究中心，乌鲁木齐 830091
² 中国农业大学农学院，北京 100193
³ 石河子大学农学院，新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2024-07-02 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
通信作者:
娄善伟，E-mail：wei.lou@163.com
联系方式: 田立文，E-mail：1365400936@qq.com。
基金资助:
新疆人才发展基金(XL202405); 新疆“天山英才”培养计划“棉花轻简高效栽培技术创新团队”(2023TSYCTD004); 新疆棉花产业技术体系(XJARS-03)

Analysis of Problems and Pathways for Increasing Cotton Yield per Unit Area in Xinjiang Under Green and Efficient Production Mode

TIAN LiWen¹(), LOU ShanWei¹(), ZHANG PengZhong¹, DU MingWei², LUO HongHai³, LI Jie¹, PAHATI MaiMaiTi¹, MA TengFei¹, ZHANG LiZhen¹

¹ Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Cotton Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091
² College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
³ Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang

Received:2024-07-02 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-03-25 Online:2025-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆棉花生产正由高生产资料投入向绿色、高效、轻简化转型，对新疆棉花绿色高效生产模式下存在的问题与优劣条件进行分析，进而了解新疆棉花生产现状，探寻生产中提升单产的方法与途径，为单产提升提出建议对策。本文从资源条件、机械化程度、管理水平等方面详细分析了近几年新疆棉花绿色高效生产现状，发现化肥利用率接近40%，膜下滴灌面积超过186万 hm²，农田当季地膜回收率达到80%，耕、种、收综合机械化率达到94.5%，自育品种全疆占有率达90%以上，棉农人均管理面积可达20 hm²，实现了资源高效利用、生产效率提高和管理的标准化及规范化。但也面临滴灌体系和技术跟不上现代农业发展需求，肥、药、膜投入量依旧过大，技术落实不到位且与区域需求匹配度差，棉农环境友好理念不足等问题。因此，既要保持绿色高效又要提升单产十分困难。建议通过改良滴灌系统，并改进技术模式提高水的利用效率，塑造优异群体以促进产量提升；优化肥、药、膜投入，合理施肥，防止农药滥用，加大残膜治理，以资源环境改善支撑产量提升；促进技术落实到位并与区域需求匹配，倡导绿色发展理念，通过改变管理措施及其观念来保障产量的可持续提升。新疆棉花高质量发展，要发挥区域特点和规模化优势，使生产更加专业化，在生产细节中完善、改进、融合创新技术，通过绿色高效植棉，促进新疆棉区经济和生态持续健康发展。

关键词: 新疆, 棉花, 绿色高效, 单产提升, 途径分析

Abstract:

Cotton production in Xinjiang is transforming from high input of production materials to green, high efficiency and light simplification. This paper analyzed the existing issues as well as advantages and disadvantages of cotton production in Xinjiang under the green and high efficiency mode of production, so as to understand the current situation of cotton production in Xinjiang, explore ways and means to improve the yield per unit area, and put forward suggestions and countermeasures for improving the yield per unit area. This paper provided a detailed analysis of the current status of green and efficient cotton production in Xinjiang in recent years, focusing on resource conditions, mechanization levels, and management practices. Specifically, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers was close to 40%, the area under drip irrigation exceeded 1.86 million hm², the recovery rate of plastic films from farmland in the current season reaches 80%, the comprehensive mechanization rate for tillage, sowing, and harvesting attained 94.5%, locally developed cotton varieties accounted more than 90% of the market share across Xinjiang, and the average managed area per cotton farmer reached 20 hm². These achievements demonstrated efficient resource utilization, enhanced production efficiency, and standardized and normalized management. However, these challenges remained, which included drip irrigation systems and technologies that lagging behind the demands of modern agriculture, excessive inputs of fertilizers, pesticides, and plastic films, inadequate implementation of technologies with poor alignment with regional needs, and a lack of environmental-friendly concepts among cotton farmers. Therefore, it was quite challenging to maintain green and efficient production while also increasing cotton yield per unit area. It was recommended to improve the efficiency of water utilization by modifying drip irrigation systems and refining technological models, fostering superior crop populations to boost yield. We should optimize the input of fertilizers, pesticides, and plastic films, apply fertilizers rationally, prevent the abuse of pesticides, and intensify the management of residual plastic films, supporting yield enhancement through the improvement of resources and the environment. Efforts should be made to ensure the implementation of technologies aligned with regional needs, advocating for green development concepts and guaranteeing sustainable yield enhancement through changes in management and mindset. To achieve high-quality development of cotton in Xinjiang, it was essential to leverage regional characteristics and scale advantages, making production more specialized. We should refine, improve, integrate, and innovate technologies in production details, promoting sustained and healthy economic and ecological development in Xinjiang's cotton regions through green and efficient cotton planting.

Key words: Xinjiang, cotton, green and high efficiency, yield per unit area increase, approach analysis

田立文, 娄善伟, 张鹏忠, 杜明伟, 罗宏海, 李杰, 帕尔哈提·买买提, 马腾飞, 张立祯. 绿色高效生产模式下新疆棉花单产提升面临问题与途径分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(6): 1102-1115.

TIAN LiWen, LOU ShanWei, ZHANG PengZhong, DU MingWei, LUO HongHai, LI Jie, PAHATI MaiMaiTi, MA TengFei, ZHANG LiZhen. Analysis of Problems and Pathways for Increasing Cotton Yield per Unit Area in Xinjiang Under Green and Efficient Production Mode[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(6): 1102-1115.

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年份 Year	黄河流域 The Yellow River Basin		长江流域 Yangtze River Basin		新疆维吾尔自治区 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region		面积汇总 Area summary (×10³hm²)	产量合计 Total output (×10⁴t)	新疆维吾尔自治区占比Proportion of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (%)
年份 Year	面积 Area (×10³hm²)	产量 Yield (×10⁴t)	面积 Area (×10³hm²)	产量 Yield (×10⁴t)	面积 Area (×10³hm²)	产量 Yield (×10⁴t)	面积汇总 Area summary (×10³hm²)	产量合计 Total output (×10⁴t)	面积 Area	产量 Yield
2015	1054.2	111.4	786.3	91.0	1904.3	350.3	3744.8	552.7	50.8	63.3
2017	693.0	79.2	534.8	55.9	1963.1	408.2	3190.9	543.3	61.5	75.1
2019	428.9	49.9	340.3	36.4	2540.5	500.2	3309.7	586.5	76.7	85.2
2021	265.2	31.8	232.1	24.3	2506.1	512.9	3003.4	569.0	83.4	90.1
2023	189.7	23.8	204.8	21.9	2369.3	511.2	2763.8	556.9	85.7	91.7

地区 Area	生产成本 Cost of production	管理成本Administration cost	地租成本Land rent cost	自有地种植成本 The cost of planting its own land	自有地种植成本同比增减 The cost of self-owned land planting increased or decreased year on year (%)	租地种植成本 The cost of renting land for planting	租地种植成本同比增加The cost of renting land and planting has increased year-on-year (%)
昌吉州 Changji area	24000	3900	19500	27900	6.90	47400	1.94
巴音郭楞自治州 Bayingolin area	22500	4050	18000	26550	1.72	44550	1.02
阿克苏地区 Aksu area	21750	3900	16500	25650	-2.29	42150	-7.87
喀什地区 Kashgar area	21750	4500	18750	26250	4.17	45000	2.39

绿色高效生产模式下新疆棉花单产提升面临问题与途径分析

Analysis of Problems and Pathways for Increasing Cotton Yield per Unit Area in Xinjiang Under Green and Efficient Production Mode

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