1BL·1RS染色体对小麦产量和品质相关性状的遗传效应分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (16): 3116-3126.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

1BL·1RS染色体对小麦产量和品质相关性状的遗传效应分析

赵卓超(), 曹昊天(), 周子昕, 曲佳乐, 李泽, 许明杨, 杨琪薇, 张斌, 王宁泽, 吴永振, 孙晗, 秦冉, 赵春华(), 崔法()

鲁东大学农学院/烟台市作物高产抗逆分子育种及高效栽培重点实验室，山东烟台 264025

收稿日期:2024-02-04 接受日期:2024-03-28 出版日期:2024-08-16 发布日期:2024-08-27
通信作者:
赵春华，E-mail：sdauzch@126.com。
崔法，E-mail：sdaucf@126.com
联系方式: 赵卓超，E-mail：1589305157@qq.com。曹昊天，E-mail：1940642437@qq.com。赵卓超和曹昊天为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MC119); 泰山学者青年专家(20230119); 山东省重点研发计划(2022LZG002-2); 国家自然科学基金(32072051); 国家自然科学基金(32101726); 国家自然科学基金(32272119)

Genetic Effects of the 1BL·1RS Chromosome on Wheat Yield and Quality-Related Traits

ZHAO ZhuoChao(), CAO HaoTian(), ZHOU ZiXin, QU JiaLe, LI Ze, XU MingYang, YANG QiWei, ZHANG Bin, WANG NingZe, WU YongZhen, SUN Han, QIN Ran, ZHAO ChunHua(), CUI Fa()

College of Agriculture, Ludong University/Yantai Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding for High Yield, Stress Resistance and Efficient Cultivation, Yantai 264025, Shandong

Received:2024-02-04 Accepted:2024-03-28 Published:2024-08-16 Online:2024-08-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】1BL·1RS易位系在小麦育种中应用广泛。解析不同背景下1BL·1RS染色体对小麦产量和品质相关性状的遗传效应，并分析其在生产中的应用情况，可为高产优质小麦的选育提供参考。【方法】244份自然群体和科农9204、京411为亲本构建的188个重组自交系（KJ-RIL-F₈）为试验材料，利用1RS特异性分子标记对其进行基因型鉴定，结合表型数据分析，明确1BL·1RS易位系对产量和品质遗传效应。通过分析1BL·1RS易位系在不同年代审定品种中的占比，明确其在生产中的选择利用情况。【结果】188份KJ-RILs试验材料中有74份为1BL·1RS易位系，其产量相关性状分析表明，1BL·1RS易位系在高低氮条件下均显著延长小麦抽穗期，增加籽粒含氮比、旗叶长和旗叶面积，显著降低穗粒数，而对单株穗数、千粒重和旗叶宽3个性状的影响均不显著；其品质相关性状分析表明，1BL·1RS易位系在高低氮条件下均显著提高小麦的吸水率、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和籽粒硬度，而对容重、延展性和沉降值3个性状的影响均不显著。244份自然群体试验材料中，有76份为1BL·1RS易位系，其产量性状效应分析表明，1BL·1RS易位系可以显著增加穗粒数、穗长和小穗数，显著降低株高，而对单株穗数、千粒重、旗叶长、旗叶宽、旗叶面积5个性状的影响均不显著。将244份自然群体试验材料按照不同麦区和品种审定时间进行分类，对1BL·1RS易位系在生产中的应用情况进行分析，结果表明，不同麦区1BL·1RS易位系的占比差异较大，从20世纪90年代开始，1BL·1RS易位系在生产中的选择利用比例开始增加。【结论】高低氮对1BL·1RS易位系的效应影响不明显。1BL·1RS易位系在KJ-RIL群体和自然群体中对产量性状的效应不一致，这可能由于两者遗传背景不同所致。

关键词: 小麦, 1BL·1RS易位系, 产量性状, 品质性状, 遗传效应

Abstract:

【Objective】1BL·1RS translocation lines are widely used in wheat breeding programs. The genetic effects of 1BL·1RS on yield and quality related traits will be characterized under different backgrounds, and its application in breeding programs will be evaluated. The study will provide therotical references for the selection of high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties.【Method】 The natural mapping population comprised by 244 varieties/advanced lines and the 188 recombinant inbred lines (KJ-RIL-F₈) derived from the cross between Kenong9204 (KN9204) and Jing411 (J411) were used in this study. Their genotypes were detected by the 1RS diagnostic markers. Combining with the phenotypic values, the genetic effects of 1BL·1RS translocation on yield and quality were characterized. The selection and utilization of 1BL·1RS translocation in breeding programs were clarified by analyzing its proportion in the approved varieties among different decades and cultivate locations.【Result】Of the 188 KJ-RILs, 74 were 1BL·1RS translocation lines. The yield-related traits analysis showed that, under both high and low nitrogen conditions, the 1BL·1RS translocation lines significantly prolonged the heading date, increased grain nitrogen content ratio, increased flag leaf length and flag leaf area; while it significantly reduced kernel number per spike. The 1BL·1RS translocation had no significant effect on the spikes number per plant, thousand kerner weight or flag leaf width. Under both high nitrogen and low nitrogen conditions, 1BL·1RS translocation could significantly increase water absorption rate, wet gluten content, protein content and grain hardness; it had no significant effect on testweight, tractility or sedimentation value. Of the 244 varieties/advanced lines in the natural population, 76 were 1BL·1RS translocation lines. The 1BL·1RS translocation could significantly increase kernel number per spike, spike length and spikelet number, but it could significantly reduce plant height. However, it had no significant effect on spikes number per plant, thousand kerner weight, flag leaf length, flag leaf width or flag leaf area. The 244 varieties/advanced lines in the natural mapping population were classified and grouped according to wheat cultivation locations and variety certification time. The results showed that there were significant differences in the proportion of 1BL·1RS among different wheat cultivation locations. The proportion of the 1BL·1RS translocation lines began to increase from the 1990s in breeding programs.【Conclusion】There is no significant difference for the effects of 1BL·1RS translocation on yield and quality traits under high and low nitrogen conditions. The 1BL·1RS translocation showed inconsistent effects on yield related traits in the KJ-RIL mapping population and the natural mapping population, probably due to the different genetic backgrounds among them.

Key words: wheat, 1BL·1RS translocation line, yield traits, quality traits, genetic effect

赵卓超, 曹昊天, 周子昕, 曲佳乐, 李泽, 许明杨, 杨琪薇, 张斌, 王宁泽, 吴永振, 孙晗, 秦冉, 赵春华, 崔法. 1BL·1RS染色体对小麦产量和品质相关性状的遗传效应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(16): 3116-3126.

ZHAO ZhuoChao, CAO HaoTian, ZHOU ZiXin, QU JiaLe, LI Ze, XU MingYang, YANG QiWei, ZHANG Bin, WANG NingZe, WU YongZhen, SUN Han, QIN Ran, ZHAO ChunHua, CUI Fa. Genetic Effects of the 1BL·1RS Chromosome on Wheat Yield and Quality-Related Traits[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3116-3126.

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分子标记名称 Molecular marker name	正向引物 Forward primer (5′-3′)	反向引物 Reverse primer (5′-3′)	参考文献 References
Sec-1b	GTTTGCTGGGGAATTATTTGT	CCTCATCTTTGTCCTCGCC	[18]
ω-Sec-P3	CCTTCCTCATCTTTGTCCTC	GCTCTGGTCTCTGGGGTTGT	[19]
Iag95	CTCTGTGGATAGTTACTTGATCGA	CCTAGAACATGCATGGCTGTTACA	[20]
Glu-B3	GGTACCAACAACAACAACCC	GTTGCTGCTGAGGTTGGTTC	[21]

变异来源 Source of variation	F的显著性 The significance of F
变异来源 Source of variation	环境 Environment	基因型 1BL·1RS vs.1B	环境×基因型 Env×1BL·1RS vs.1B
自由度 df	7	1	7
抽穗期 Heading date	12386.51**	47.79**	2.69**
单株穗数 Spikes number per plant	487.67**	1.06	0.27
千粒重 Thousand kerner weightt	101.85**	1.23	2.32*
穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	199.85**	37.36**	2.34*
旗叶长 Flag leaf length	490.72**	19.29**	2.95**
旗叶宽 Flag leaf width	177.52**	0.01	1.71
旗叶面积 Flag leaf area	476.34**	3.98*	2.92**
籽粒含氮比 Grain nitrogen content ratio	250.76**	22.73**	0.38

性状 Trait	地点Location		E1		E2		E3		E4		BLUE
性状 Trait	地点Location		1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS
抽穗期 Heading date (d)		LN	209.97b	210.35a	214.23b	214.76a	225.78a	225.61a	192.31b	193.06a	210.55b	210.94a
抽穗期 Heading date (d)		HN	211.40a	211.70a	212.98b	213.37a	226.60a	226.61a	192.82b	193.82a	210.93b	211.34a
籽粒含氮比 Grain nitrogen content ratio (%)		LN	1.96a	1.99a	1.35b	1.58a	2.08b	2.14a	/	/	2.14b	2.18a
籽粒含氮比 Grain nitrogen content ratio (%)		HN	2.03a	2.08a	2.39b	2.45a	2.53b	2.58a	2.56a	2.63a	2.52b	2.56a
旗叶长 Flag leaf length (cm)		LN	12.94b	13.69a	14.36b	15.10a	15.41a	15.45a	17.63a	17.99a	15.18b	15.55a
旗叶长 Flag leaf length (cm)		HN	15.82b	16.29a	19.34b	20.03a	18.99a	19.13a	18.42a	18.38a	18.22b	18.48a
旗叶面积 Flag leaf area (cm²)		LN	12.32b	13.3a	15.96b	17.13a	18.55a	18.26b	23.34a	23.80a	17.85a	18.31a
旗叶面积 Flag leaf area (cm²)		HN	16.73b	17.49a	25.30b	26.93a	25.04a	25.04a	23.87a	23.52a	22.99a	23.46a
穗粒数 Kernel number per spike		LN	35.62a	35.49a	45.82a	45.83a	43.78a	43.31b	39.45a	36.28b	41.54a	40.38b
穗粒数 Kernel number per spike		HN	29.86a	29.43a	44.98a	45.37a	49.25a	47.31b	40.04a	36.69b	41.09a	39.59b

变异来源 Source of variation	F的显著性 The significance of F
变异来源 Source of variation	环境 Environment	基因型 1BL·1RS vs.1B	环境×基因型 Env×1BL·1RS vs.1B
自由度 df	7	1	7
湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content	367.09**	78.73**	1.07
吸水率 Water absorption rate	34.50**	98.31**	2.11*
蛋白质含量 Protein content	425.85**	69.79**	1.29
籽粒硬度 Grain Hardness	28.86**	12.62**	1.54
容重 Testweight	39.25**	0.94	1.24
延展性 Tractility	274.17**	2.53	0.44
沉降值 Sedimentation value	86.30**	0.22	1.13

性状 Trait	地点Location	E1		E2		E3		E4		BLUE
性状 Trait	地点Location	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS
蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	LN	14.55a	14.63a	12.55b	12.94a	13.04b	13.52a	15.65b	16.07a	13.74b	14.05a
蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	HN	11.97a	12.30a	14.62b	14.89a	15.34b	15.69a	15.59b	16.01a	14.52b	14.82a
吸水率 Water absorption rate (%)	LN	58.77a	58.98a	55.95b	56.77a	57.40b	58.97a	59.48a	60.02a	57.68b	58.50a
吸水率 Water absorption rate (%)	HN	57.71a	58.03a	56.71b	57.53a	57.34b	58.80a	59.33a	60.04a	57.62b	58.51a
湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	LN	31.99a	32.29a	27.26b	28.33a	28.26b	29.48a	34.48b	35.50a	29.99b	30.83a
湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	HN	26.23b	27.04a	32.28b	32.98a	33.71b	34.68a	34.36b	35.37a	31.96b	32.73a
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness (%)	LN	65.93a	66.03a	61.49a	62.44a	61.04b	62.47a	61.76a	61.07a	62.77a	63.31a
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness (%)	HN	65.00a	65.26a	61.48a	61.98a	65.40b	66.97a	61.60a	61.34a	62.97a	63.53a

1BL·1RS染色体对小麦产量和品质相关性状的遗传效应分析

Genetic Effects of the 1BL·1RS Chromosome on Wheat Yield and Quality-Related Traits

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性状 Trait	E1		E2		E3		E4		E5		BLUE
性状 Trait	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS	1B	1BL·1RS
穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	40.91b	43.00a	51.22a	52.63a	53.46a	54.78a	49.07a	49.30a	49.86b	52.43a	48.05b	49.35a
穗长 Spike length (cm)	8.21a	8.40a	9.91a	10.24a	10.67a	10.75a	9.92a	10.28a	10.40b	10.84a	9.67b	9.96a
株高 Plant height (cm)	74.34a	71.20a	86.90a	85.56a	86.06a	83.01a	84.25a	81.59a	85.97a	82.60b	82.80a	80.60a
小穗数 Spikelet number	15.08a	15.45a	18.88a	18.99a	19.35a	19.38a	18.84b	19.45a	18.57a	18.88a	26.60a	27.36a