套袋提升椪柑果实品质的作用机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】椪柑（Citrus reticulata）是我国重要的宽皮橘类型，‘鄂柑一号’是湖北省当阳市发展面积较大的椪柑品种，但存在采收过早和果实品质未达最佳等问题，不利于其市场销售。因此，需要研发应用于‘鄂柑一号’椪柑延迟采收和完熟的栽培技术。【目的】探究套袋对提升‘鄂柑一号’椪柑果实品质的作用，并基于糖酸代谢基因表达水平的变化解析其机制。【方法】试验在湖北省当阳市半月镇‘鄂柑一号’椪柑园进行，比较套袋果实和未套袋（对照）果实的品质，主要分析果皮亮度及色泽、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量，通过气相色谱法分析可溶性糖和有机酸含量，通过qRT-PCR分析比较二者糖酸代谢相关基因表达水平差异。【结果】套袋加快了果皮色泽参数a*、b*和柑橘色泽指数（CCI）变化，提升了果皮亮度（L*），显著降低了果皮硬度；套袋显著提高了采收时期椪柑果实可溶性固形物含量，其中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量显著增加；气相色谱分析发现，柑橘果实有机酸以柠檬酸为主，套袋果实柠檬酸含量稍高于对照；实时荧光定量PCR分析表明，套袋果实蔗糖合成相关基因CsSPS3、CsSPS4和CsSS2表达水平显著高于未套袋果实，而柠檬酸降解相关基因CsACO1表达水平显著下调。【结论】套袋可能改变了袋内果实所处环境的温度、湿度，上调可溶性糖合成基因表达，促进糖积累，从而提升椪柑果实品质。

关键词: 椪柑, 套袋, 果实品质

Abstract:

【Background】 Ponkan (Citrus reticulata) is an important loose-skin tangerine in China. Egan No. 1 Ponkan is widely grown in Dangyang City, Hubei Province. When this cultivar is used for producing fruit, the major problem is that advanced harvesting leads to undesirable fruit quality, and thus, to a negative impact on consumer appeal. Therefore, the industry has a critical need for the technologies that allow growers to delay harvest until Egan No. 1 Ponkan fruit is fully mature. 【Objective】 In this study, whether bagging improves the quality of fruit produced by Egan No. 1 Ponkan was tested, and the underlying mechanism by examining the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose and citric acid metabolism was analyzed. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in orchards that produce Egan No. 1 located in Banyue Town, Dangyang City, Hubei Province, to compare the qualities of fruit that were produced after bagging to control fruit that was not bagged. The indexes were compared, including peel brightness (L*), color parameters a*, b*, citrus color index (CCI), total soluble solids, titratable acids, soluble sugars and organic acids. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of the genes associated with sucrose and citric acid metabolism. 【Result】The bagging induced changes in peel color parameters, including changes in a*, b*, CCI, increased L*, and significantly reduced peel firmness. The bagging significantly increased the total soluble solid content when the fruit was harvested, and the sucrose, fructose and glucose levels were significantly elevated. A gas chromatography analysis showed that the levels of citric acid, the major organic acid in citrus fruits, was slightly higher in the bagged fruits relative to the control fruit. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of three genes associated with sucrose biosynthesis (CsSPS3, CsSPS4 and CsSS2) were significantly higher in the bagged fruit relative to the control fruit. In contrast, the expression levels of genes implicated in citric acid catabolism, such as CsACO1, were remarkably downregulated in the bagged fruit. 【Conclusion】Taken together, these data indicated that the bagging improved the quality of Ponkan fruit possibly by changing the ambient temperature and humidity in the micro-milieu of the bagged fruits, which might have elevated the expression levels of genes that influence soluble sugar content and led to better sugar accumulation and improved fruit quality of Ponkan.

Key words: Ponkan, bagging, fruit quality

石莹, 陈思怡, 曾译可, 唐俊, 李迪平, 李国敬, 黄先彪, 李春龙, 谢宗周, 刘继红. 套袋提升椪柑果实品质的作用机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(14): 2776-2786.

SHI Ying, CHEN SiYi, ZENG YiKe, TANG Jun, LI DiPing, LI GuoJing, HUANG XianBiao, LI ChunLong, XIE ZongZhou, LIU JiHong. Mechanism Underlying the Improved Quality of Bagged Fruits in Ponkan[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2776-2786.

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基因 Gene name	描述 Description	引物序列Primer sequence (5'-3')		序列ID或参考文献 Sequence ID or reference
基因 Gene name	描述 Description	正向Forward	反向Reverse	序列ID或参考文献 Sequence ID or reference
SS1	蔗糖合成酶 Sucrose synthase	ACCAGTAGTTCATGCCACCG	GCGAAAAGGACCACCCTGTA	orange1.1t02742.2
SS2		GTTGAAAGGCACTGACACGC	CCAATGGAGGGGGTTTTGCT	Cs6g21370.1
SS3		CTTCAACGGGTTCCTCTGCT	TTCCCACAGGTGTTTTCGGT	Cs2g03070.1
SS4		AGCGTGTGGTAATGCTGGAA	TGCCTTAGCCAGCAATCCTT	Cs2g03790.1
SPS1	蔗糖磷酸合成酶 Sucrose phosphate synthase	TCTCCACCGTTCCTGGGTTA	ACGACGTTTCGCCATTCTCT	Cs4g05380.1
SPS2		TTTCATGGCCTGAGCACTGT	CGTTTTTGTCGCCTTCCAGG	Cs4g05380.1
SPS3		CGCATTTGGCATCTTACCCG	CCTTGTTCCCGCTCCAATCT	orange1.1t03668.1
SPS4		ATATGTGCTGGCGCATTTGG	CGGCATCATTACGACCTTGC	Cs5g19060.1
Aco1	顺乌头酸酶 Aconitase	TGAGAGATTTAGTATTGATCT	AACTCTCACATTTTACAACCG	[14]
Aco2		GGCAATGATGAAGTGATGGCT	GTTGGAACATGGACCGTCTTT	[14]
Aco3		TCCTCCATTAGTTGTTGCT	CATGTCAGGTAAGACGCTAG	[14]
ACLα1	ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶α亚基 ATP-citrate lyase α subunit	GATACTGTTGGAGACTTGGG	GCTCTCTTACGACCATCAGG	[15]
ACLα2	ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶α亚基 ATP-citrate lyase α subunit	TACAGTGGAGCACCCAACGA	CCTTCAGGGCTTGGATTATG	[15]
ACLβ	ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶β亚基 ATP-citrate lyase β subunit	GAGGAGATAACAGAGACAAA	AACAAAGAGCCCATTCAGAT	[15]
NADP-IDH1	NADP+依赖型异柠檬酸脱氢酶 NADP+dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase	GAAAATTGGGGATTGGGATT	CAACAGAGGTGCAGCTCAAA	[16]
NADP-IDH2		CAGCGGACATGTGAACAATC	CCGTCCATTTCAACGATAGG	[16]
NADP-IDH3		TACCGGGTTCATCAGAAAGG	AGGCTGCTTCCAGTTTCTCA	[16]
Actin	内参基因 Reference gene	CCGACCGTATGAGCAAGGAAA	TTCCTGTGGACAATGGATGGA