关键词: 葡萄, 葡萄干, 植物生长调节剂, 花果管理, 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the co-synergistic action of different plant growth regulators compound combination on grape, optimize the increase fruit size method and reduce the concentration of gibberellin, so as to select the suitable plant growth regulators treatment for Thompson Seedless grape, and to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for flower and fruit management technology selection in Xinjiang. 【Method】 With Thompson Seedless grape as the experimental material, a split-split plot field experiment was conducted in Shanshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The GA₃ concentration for inflorescence elongation were used as main plots, and four levels were set: 0, 60, 80, and 100 mg·L^-1. Three types of fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulators including CPPU, TDZ, and BR were used as split-plots. The concentration levels of the fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulators were used as split-split plots, and four levels were set: low, medium, relatively high, and high concentrations. This study focused on analyzing the effects of the three-factor combination GA₃ concentration for inflorescence elongation, type of fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulator, and concentration of the fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulator on fruit quality, such as single berry weight, fruit shape index, soluble solid-to-acid ratio, and color parameters at the fruit ripening stage. The quality related to raisin processing was investigated, such as dry output rate, browning rate, color parameters and fullness of raisins. 【Result】 The single berry weight under different treatments were ranged from 2.64 to 4.88 g, mainly influenced by the type of fruit-enlarging compound regulator. Significant differences were observed among the three types of regulators, with the order being TDZ > CPPU > BR; The soluble solid content (SSC) in single berry ranged from 16.30% to 23.00%, influenced by three factors and their interactions. In factor A (GA₃ concentration for inflorescence elongation), both 60, 80, and 100 mg·L^-1 treatments were significantly higher than CK. In factor B (type of fruit-enlarging compound regulator), BR treatment was significantly higher than CPPU and TDZ treatments. The solid-to-acid ratio in berry ranged from 20.40 to 35.14, mainly influenced by factor B. The dry output rate of raisin ranged from 16.10% to 27.90%, affected by both three factors and their interactions. In factor A, the dry output rate of 80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments were significantly higher than CK and the other two treatments. In factor B, the dry output rate under CPPU and BR treatments were significantly higher than TDZ. In factor C (concentration of fruit-enlarging compound regulator), the low-concentration treatment was significantly higher than the other three concentration treatments. The fullness of raisins index ranged from 0.54 to 0.97, influenced by both three factors and their interactions, and in factor A, both 60, 80, and 100 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments were significantly higher than 0 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment. In factor B, the fullness of raisins with TDZ and BR treatments were significantly higher than CPPU, and the high-concentration treatment was significantly higher than the other three concentration levels. The browning rate of raisin ranged from 5.71% to 65.17%, affected by both three factors and their interactions. In factor A, the 100 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment was significantly lower than CK, 60 and 80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments. In factor B, the BR treatment was significantly lower than CPPU and TDZ treatments, and the relatively high-concentration treatment was significantly lower than the other three concentration levels. 【Conclusion】T30 treatment (80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ for inflorescence elongation, and 50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+10 mg·L^-1 GA₄₊₇+3 mg·L^-1 TDZ for fruit enlargement) had the highest fresh fruit quality. T34 treatment (80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ for inflorescence elongation, and 50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+10 mg·L^-1 GA₄₊₇+2 mg·L^-1 BR for fruit enlargement) had the highest quality related to raisin.

Key words: grape, raisin, plant growth regulator, flower and fruit management, fruit quality