中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 837-855.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦抗赤霉病育种回顾与展望

马鸿翔1(),王永刚1,高玉姣1,何漪2,姜朋2,吴磊2,张旭2()   

  1. 1扬州大学农学院/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省作物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室,江苏扬州 225009
    2江苏省农业科学院/CIMMYT-JAAS小麦病害联合研究中心/现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心,南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-23 接受日期:2021-08-27 出版日期:2022-03-01 发布日期:2022-03-08
  • 通讯作者: 张旭
  • 作者简介:马鸿翔,E-mail: mahx@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发项目(BE2021335);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101802);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100806);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)

Review and Prospect on the Breeding for the Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

MA HongXiang1(),WANG YongGang1,GAO YuJiao1,HE Yi2,JIANG Peng2,WU Lei2,ZHANG Xu2()   

  1. 1Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Lab of Crop Genome & Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
    2Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Research Center for Wheat Disease/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2021-07-23 Accepted:2021-08-27 Online:2022-03-01 Published:2022-03-08
  • Contact: Xu ZHANG

摘要:

由禾谷镰刀菌复合种引起的赤霉病是全世界最重要的小麦病害之一,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,受病原菌侵染的籽粒还会产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)为主的毒素,进一步威胁人畜健康。抗赤霉病品种选育与应用是解决小麦赤霉病及毒素危害的有效途径,中国自20世纪50年代开始抗赤霉病育种研究,70年代成立全国协作组,建立的人工接种鉴定方法被广泛用于赤霉病抗性评价,筛选出的苏麦3号、望水白等抗源被国内外广泛用于抗赤霉病研究,育成的农艺性状优良且中抗赤霉病的扬麦158号和宁麦9号等品种是抗赤霉病育种的重要突破,不仅在生产上得到大面积应用,而且作为亲本分别育成了20多个小麦品种。除常规育种外,还利用染色体工程技术将外源种质赤霉病抗性导入小麦栽培品种中,基于细胞工程技术的体细胞无性系变异和加倍单倍体创制在小麦赤霉病遗传改良中拓宽了遗传变异背景,提高了育种效率。20世纪90年代赤霉病在北美洲的流行促使欧美重视小麦赤霉病研究。国际合作促进了小麦赤霉病育种的资源、技术和信息交流,赤霉病抗性类型、鉴定技术和评价指标研究、抗赤霉病种质发掘、QTL定位、关键基因克隆、标记辅助选择及抗病品种培育等方面均取得了明显进展,利用双亲连锁作图和全基因组关联分析定位了600多个赤霉病抗性相关QTL,涉及小麦所有21条染色体,定名了Fhb1Fhb7 7个赤霉病抗性基因/QTL。针对苏麦3号和望水白等中国抗源的主效QTL(Fhb1),克隆了其关键基因并进行了功能验证,开发了基因的功能标记,并成功应用于标记辅助选择,培育出赤霉病抗性显著改良的小麦新品种。来自长穗偃麦草的Fhb7候选基因也被克隆,并用于提高栽培小麦品种赤霉病抗性。在精细定位的基础上,开发了紧密连锁分子标记,利用标记辅助选择将不同位点抗性QTL聚合,进一步提高了小麦赤霉病抗性。展望未来,应研究建立精准的赤霉病抗性表型评价体系、加强抗赤霉病新种质和新基因发掘、克隆主效抗病QTL的关键基因并明确其分子机制,将标记辅助选择或基因组选择与常规育种相结合,不断提升小麦抗赤霉病育种效率和水平,培育赤霉病抗性显著提高、综合性状优良的小麦品种。

关键词: 小麦, 遗传, 育种, 赤霉病, 毒素

Abstract:

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum complex, is one of the most disastrous diseases seriously affecting yield and quality in wheat. Wheat kernels infected by Fusarium pathogen produce Fusarium mycotoxin, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), which may threaten the health of human beings and livestock. Breeding and application FHB resistant varieties is effective to control the disease and mycotoxin. Breeding for the resistance to FHB in wheat was commenced in 1950s in China. A national network on FHB research in wheat was established in 1970s. Inoculation methods were established and widely used for evaluating FHB resistance. Sumai 3, Wangshuibai and other resources with high resistance to FHB were selected and applied worldwide. Release of Yangmai 158 and Ningmai 9 with desirable agronomic traits and moderate resistance to FHB was a breakthrough in wheat breeding for FHB resistance. Such varieties have not only been widely applied in wheat production, but also produced more than 20 wheat varieties as parents of each variety. In addition to conventional breeding, chromosome engineering was used for transfer alien germplasm into wheat cultivated varieties, somaclonal variation and double haplotype produced by cell engineering techniques broadened genetic background and improved breeding efficiency in wheat genetic improvement for FHB resistance. The outbreak of FHB in North America in 1990s initiated the attention to FHB research in the United States and Europe. International cooperation prompted the exchange on material, technology and information in wheat breeding for FHB resistance. As results, significant progress in the research of FHB resistance type, inoculation techniques and evaluation index, germplasm development, QTL mapping, gene cloning, marker assisted selection and breeding for FHB resistance has been made. More than 600 QTL associated with FHB resistance were identified and located on all 21 chromosomes of wheat by using bi-parents linkage mapping and whole genome association analysis. Seven major genes/QTL were named as Fhb1-Fhb7. For the major QTL, Fhb1, associated with FHB resistance derived from Sumai 3 and Wangshuibai, the key candidate gene was cloned and validated, functional markers were developed and effectively used for marker assisted selection and new varieties possessing Fhb1 were released. The Fhb7 gene from Thinopyrum ponticum has also been isolated and used to improve FHB resistance in wheat. Pyramiding multiple QTL by marker assisted selection enhanced the resistance to FHB in wheat base on QTL fine mapping and close linked marker development. In the future, we should establish accurate phenotypic evaluation systems for evaluating the resistance to Fusarium head blight, strengthen the discovery of novel resistance germplasms and genes, isolate key genes related to FHB resistance and uncover their molecular mechanism, combine marker-assisted selection or genome selection with conventional breeding to continuously improve FHB resistance, breed wheat varieties with FHB resistance significantly improved and excellent agronomic traits.

Key words: wheat, genetics, breeding, Fusarium head blight, mycotoxin