暗期短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长、细胞形态和激素含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.20.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究暗期前短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长形态、组织细胞形态和相关激素水平的影响,为远红光在农业上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以南瓜品种‘日本雪松’为试验材料,分别在暗期前给予2（T1）、4（T2）、6（T3）、8（T4）、10（T5）和12（T6）mmol·m^-2·d^-1的远红光处理,以无远红光处理为对照（CK）,测定植株生长形态下胚轴细胞形态以及生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZT）、赤霉素（GA₃）与油菜素内酯（BR）含量。【结果】在暗期短时外施远红光能显著提高南瓜幼苗下胚轴长度和株高,对植株茎粗,地上、地下部干/鲜重无显著影响;2、4、6、8、10和12 mmol·m^-2·d^-1远红光处理的下胚轴薄壁细胞轴向长度分别比CK显著增加34.6%、20.7%、31.3%、25.6%、32.8%和20.9%;下胚轴厚角组织厚度分别比CK显著增加19.6%、22.4%、21.2%、23.9%、19.6%和28%;经暗期前远红光处理后,南瓜幼苗根中生长素（IAA）含量,下胚轴中生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA₃）、玉米素（ZT）含量,子叶中生长素（IAA)、赤霉素（GA₃）、油菜素内酯（BR）含量以及真叶中生长素（IAA）与油菜素内酯（BR）含量均得到显著提高。【结论】暗期前短时远红光处理可能通过提高激素含量,进而改变细胞形态,促进下胚轴伸长生长。

关键词: 远红光, 南瓜幼苗, 下胚轴, 细胞形态, 激素, 远红光调控

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was aimed to understand the effects of growth, histiocyte morphologic and phytohormone levels of pumpkin seedlings under different doses of End-Of-Day Far-Red light (EOD-FR) treatment, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of far-red in agricultural industry. 【Method】 Taken the pumpkin (cv. Japanese cedar) as experimental material, the growth state of hypocotyl’s histiocyte morphology and the contents of auxin (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellin (GA₃) and brassinolide (BR) were measured under 0 (CK), 2 (T1) , 4 (T2) , 6 (T3) , 8 (T4) , 10 (T5) and 12 (T6) mmol·m^-2·d^-1dose far-red light treatments, respectively. 【Result】 The hypocotyl length and plant height of pumpkin seedlings were significantly increased by EOD-FR treatment, while there was no significant effect on the diameter, dry and fresh weight of pumpkin stem. Compared with the control group, the lengths of hypocotyl’s parenchyma cell of each treatment were significantly increased by 34.6%, 20.7%, 31.3%, 25.6%, 32.8% and 20.9%, respectively; the collenchyma's thickness were significant increased by 19.6%, 22.4%, 21.2%, 23.9%, 19.6% and 28%, respectively. After EOD-FR treatment, the contents of IAA in roots of pumpkin seedlings significantly increased, and the contents of IAA, GA₃ and ZT in hypocotyls, IAA, GA₃ and BR in cotyledons, IAA and BR in euphylla were also increased. 【Conclusion】Through increasing the hormone levels under EOD-FR treatment, the histiocyte morphology could be changed, and the hypocotyl elongation could be increased.

Key words: far-red light, pumpkin seedlings, hypocotyl, cell morphology, phytohormone, regulative of far-red light

刘齐,梅延豪,李琦,马宏秀,武永军,杨振超. 暗期短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长、细胞形态和激素含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(20): 4248-4258.

LIU Qi,MEI YanHao,LI Qi,MA HongXiu,WU YongJun,YANG ZhenChao. Effects of End of Day Far-Red Light on Growth, Histiocyte Morphology and Phytohormones Content of Pumpkin Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(20): 4248-4258.

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	地上鲜重 Above ground fresh weight (g)	地下鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	地上干重 Above ground part dry weight (g)	地下干重 Root dry weight (g)	壮苗指数 Index of vigorous seedings
CK	9.668±0.488bA	3.277±0.077aA	2.460±0.107aA	0.323±0.015aA	0.177±0.008aA	0.023±0.003aA	0.069±0.005aA
T1	10.998±0.480abA	3.303±0.100aA	2.970±0.155aA	0.380±0.034aA	0.191±0.010aA	0.023±0.002aA	0.065±0.006aA
T2	10.602±0.521abA	3.410±0.140aA	2.901±0.266aA	0.423±0.043aA	0.172±0.008aA	0.025±0.002aA	0.065±0.006aA
T3	10.620±0.471abA	3.133±0.110aA	2.836±0.092aA	0.351±0.037aA	0.177±0.007aA	0.020±0.001aA	0.058±0.003aA
T4	11.072±0.397abA	3.100±0.140aA	2.700±0.140aA	0.318±0.032aA	0.182±0.009aA	0.021±0.001aA	0.057±0.004aA
T5	11.383±0.235aA	3.457±0.118aA	2.887±0.144aA	0.321±0.017aA	0.174±0.008aA	0.021±0.001aA	0.059±0.004aA
T6	10.615±0.633abA	3.187±0.073aA	2.749±0.201aA	0.404±0.044aA	0.182±0.016aA	0.021±0.002aA	0.061±0.005aA

处理 Treatment	筛管分子细胞轴向长度 Axial length (μm)	筛管分子细胞径向长度 Radial length (μm)	表皮细胞轴向长度 Axial length (μm)	表皮细胞径向长度 Radial length (μm)
CK	67.025±1.355bA	36.118±0.766aA	89.465±2.368cD	21.988±0.368aA
T1	69.620±1.632abA	37.226±0.918aA	93.426±2.605cCD	21.737±0.468aAB
T2	69.114±1.779abA	35.566±0.7191aA	96.210±3.026bcBCD	20.234±0.358bBC
T3	74.384±2.035aA	35.954±0.991aA	110.782±3.866aA	22.564±0.433aA
T4	74.309±2.105aA	37.464±0.724aA	91.352±1.875cD	22.666±0.440aA
T5	68.732±1.956abA	34.663±0.869aA	106.237±3.280aAB	22.148±0.444aA
T6	73.032±2.118aA	37.032±1.161aA	104.202±3.511abAB	19.656±0.481bC

处理 Treatment	导管细胞面积 The size of duct cells (×10²μm²)	维管束面积 The size of vascular (×10³μm²)
CK	11.153±0.804aA	92.559±7.113abAB
T1	10.898±0.654aA	110.71±8.555aA
T2	11.323±0.650aA	97.097±4.855abAB
T3	12.135±0.674aA	96.939±7.441abAB
T4	10.997±0.501aA	87.595±5.354bB
T5	12.468±0.754aA	83.292±4.726bAB
T6	11.972±0.687aA	88.102±6.51bAB

处理 Treatment	根中IAA质量分数 The content of IAA in root (ng?g^-1FW)	下胚轴中IAA质量分数 The content of IAA in hypocotyl (ng?g^-1FW)	子叶中IAA质量分数 The content of IAA in cotyledon (ng?g^-1FW)	真叶中IAA质量分数 The content of IAA in euphylla (ng?g^-1FW)
CK	23.163±0.757dC	29.614±1.21bcdA	39.854±1.357cC	39.139±1.180bD
T1	31.118±1.283abA	29.359±1.493cdA	53.109±0.891bAB	51.137±2.246aA
T2	28.664±1.373abAB	31.993±1.289abcdA	50.130±1.698bAB	43.475±0.892bBCD
T3	24.235±0.994cdBC	29.004±0.835cA	48.372±0.380bBC	50.501±1.317aAB
T4	27.471±1.762bcABC	34.399±2.031abA	52.805±2.420bAB	43.726±2.277bBCD
T5	30.719±0.733abA	33.942±2.036abcA	52.649±0.837bAB	49.795±1.312aABC
T6	32.385±0.86aA	34.598±0.894aA	59.778±4.592aA	43.156±1.303bCD

处理 Treatment	根中ZT质量分数 The content of ZT in root (ng?g^-1FW)	下胚轴中ZT质量分数 The content of ZT in hypocotyl (ng?g^-1FW)	子叶中ZT质量分数 The content of ZT in cotyledon (ng?g^-1FW)	真叶中ZT质量分数 The content of ZT in euphylla (ng?g^-1FW)
CK	4.618±0.147bcB	3.750±147dC	11.217±0.356bB	7.703±0.302bB
T1	5.543±0.165aA	4.659±0.262bcAB	11.521±0.493bcAB	7.741±0.407bB
T2	4.738±0.211bcB	4.566±0.149cAB	12.360±0.332abAB	7.077±0.241bcB
T3	4.290±0.111cB	5.282±0.177aA	12.912±0.363aA	7.305±0.332bcB
T4	4.696±0.143bcB	5.155±0.250abAB	12.185±0.389abAB	9.135±0.362aA
T5	4.310±0.223cB	5.285±0.116aA	11.226±0.286bcB	6.599±0.299cB
T6	5.025±0.141bAB	4.421±0.114cBC	10.926±0.201cB	6.521±0.272cB