关键词: 设施蔬菜, 害虫, 天敌昆虫, 人工繁殖, 生物防治

Abstract: Greenhouse vegetables are very important part of modern agricultural production and the development of vegetables produced in facilities not only makes the rapid growth of variety and production output of vegetables, but also creates favorable conditions for the development of organic vegetables. However, planting conditions of greenhouse vegetables have a serious impact on the quality and yield of vegetables through supplying a suitable environment for pest insect growth and reproduction. It has become the key factor restricting the further development of the vegetable industry. A series of environmental and food safety problems are produced with the long-term use of chemical pesticides. In order to manage the chemical pesticides pollution, not only their application amount should be reduced gradually, but also the technology for optimizing and upgrading the traditional control method should be developed. As traditional biological control products, the natural enemies of insect pests play an irreplaceable role in controlling vegetable insect pests and guaranteeing the yield and quality of vegetables. With the strengthening of people’s consciousness of environment protection and development of green agriculture, the biological control technology plays an important role in the integrated pest management (IPM) which is based on natural enemy insect release. In China, the resources of natural enemy insect are very rich; however, the application of natural enemies in greenhouse vegetable is quite limited. After decades of efforts, lots of researches focus on vegetable pest biological control and application field. A great progress has been made in the resources of natural enemy insects, application basis, technology research development and supporting technology. In this paper, an overview that related to the damage characteristics of vegetable pest insects and biological control of main pest insects using natural enemy technique was summarized. Examples of biological control of aphids, whiteflies, spider mites and thrips were listed. The research progress in insect natural enemies artificial rearing (artificial feed, the scale of production) in China was analyzed. In addition, the results in technology research on greenhouse vegetables control using natural enemies were also studied. The problems existing in biological control including the protection use of natural enemies, release technology, control effect evaluation and scale production were also discussed. And the prospects of the development direction of this field in the future were pointed out.

Key words: greenhouse vegetable, pest, natural enemy, artificial rearing, biological control