不同砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜成熟期品质、香气合成相关酶活性及基因表达的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确不同砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜成熟期品质、主要香气组分和含量及相关酶活性与基因表达的影响。【方法】以薄皮甜瓜‘玉美人’为接穗，白籽南瓜‘圣砧1号’(G1)、‘甜砧2号’(G2) 和厚皮甜瓜‘PG22HF1’(G3) 为砧木，测定成熟果实的相关品质及香气合成关键酶活性，并对醇脱氢酶（alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH）和醇酰基转移酶（alcohol acyltransferase, AAT）的基因表达进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。【结果】3种砧木嫁接不同程度地延迟了果实成熟，表现为果实硬度大，果皮颜色退绿慢，可溶性固形物含量低，G2比自根果实延后2 d，而G1和G3延后程度更大。G2砧木嫁接后显著提高了成熟甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类种类和含量以及乙酸乙酯等主要酯类的含量，其非乙酸酯类含量是花后相同天数自根果实的1.5倍；而其它两个砧木嫁接后显著降低了主要酯类的含量，且3种砧木嫁接果实中均检测到自根果实中没有的草酸烯丙基异己酯。对于成熟一致的果实，嫁接没有显著降低香气合成相关酶活性，而且G2还提高了脂氧合酶（lipoxygenase, LOX）、ADH和AAT的活性，但是，嫁接抑制了香气合成关键酶的基因表达。【结论】不同砧木对成熟果实品质影响不同。‘甜砧2号’利于提高果实品质，其它两个砧木降低了相关品质。嫁接一方面是通过延迟果实成熟而影响果实品质和香气合成相关酶的活性，另一方面，从转录水平降低了香气合成相关酶基因的表达，最终影响果实的香气成分和品质。

关键词: 薄皮甜瓜, 嫁接, 品质, 香气物质合成相关酶, 基因表达

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of different rootstocks grafting on main quality, kinds and content of aroma compounds, aroma-related enzymes activities and gene expression of mature oriental sweet melon fruits were studied.【Method】 The oriental sweet melon cultivar ‘Yumeiren’ was used as scion, the white seed pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) ‘Shengzhen1’(as treatment G1), ‘Tianzhen2’ (as treatment G2), muskmelon ‘PG22HF1’(Cucumis melo) (as treatment G3) were used as rootstocks, the ripening quality and aroma-related enzymes activities were measured, then the related expression levels of related genes, including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) were obtained from fruits on different rootstocks. 【Result】 Three rootstocks grafting have different levels of delaying fruit ripening, as firmness increased, rind degreening slowed down and soluble solids content lowered. ‘Tianzhen2’ ripens about two days later than own-root fruits, while, it was delayed more than two days in the other treatments. Rootstocks ‘Shengzhen1’ and ‘PG22HF1’ havd higher influence on fruit maturity compared to ‘Tianzhen2’. The kinds and content of non-acetate esters were significantly increased, main esters content was increased by ‘Tianzhen2’, on the same day after anthesis the content of non-acetate esters was 1.5 times higher than own-root fruits, while it was significantly decreased in the other treatments. Allyl isohexyl oxalate was found in all three rootstocks grafting, while, undetected in own-root fruits. For the same mature fruits, aroma-related enzymes activities were not significantly decreased by grafting, while increased by ‘Tianzhen2’. However, grafting suppressed the gene expression of aroma-related enzymes.【Conclusion】The effects of different varieties of rootstocks grafting on ripening quality was different. ‘Tianzhen2’ contributes for improvement of fruit quality, while the others reduced fruit quality. On one hand, grafting delayed fruits ripening, and therefore affected fruit quality and aroma-related enzymes activities. On the other hand, it affected aroma compounds and fruit quality by suppressing the gene expression of aroma-related enzymes.

Key words: oriental melon, graft, quality, aroma-related enzymes, gene expression

田晓彬, 齐红岩, 李岩, 靳亚忠, 刘文玮, 徐晓飞. 不同砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜成熟期品质、香气合成相关酶活性及基因表达的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(9): 1766-1774.

TIAN Xiao-Bin, QI Hong-Yan, LI Yan, JIN Ya-Zhong, LIU Wen-Wei, XU Xiao-Fei. Effects of Different Rootstocks on Ripening Quality, Activities and Gene Expression of Aroma-Related Enzymes in Grafting Oriental Melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(9): 1766-1774.

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