日粮可降解蛋白与非纤维性碳水化合物对人工瘤胃发酵、 微生物合成以及纤维分解菌菌群的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.22.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨瘤胃降解蛋白（rumen degradable protein，RDP）水平和非纤维性碳水化合物（non-fibre carbohydrates，NFC）类型对人工瘤胃发酵、微生物合成和纤维分解菌菌群的影响。【方法】采用2×4双因素试验设计，即2种RDP水平和4种NFC类型（玉米淀粉、蔗糖、柑橘果胶和菊粉）。RDP水平通过向4种日粮中分别添加0（低RDP）或1.56 g（高RDP）酪蛋白酸钠调节。【结果】①主效应上，蔗糖和果胶组的干物质和有机物质表观消失率显著高于其它两组（P＜0.01）；日粮RDP水平和NFC来源在影响中性洗涤纤维的表观消失率上存在交互作用（P＜0.01），低RDP水平的蔗糖（P=0.10）和果胶组（P=0.09）趋向于低于淀粉组，但高RDP水平的处理组间差异不显著；②主效应上，果胶组中白色瘤胃球菌（Ruminococcus albus）的16S rDNA拷贝数高于淀粉组；日粮RDP水平和NFC种类在影响黄色瘤胃球菌（Ruminococcus flavefaciens）和液相产琥珀酸丝状杆菌（Fibrobacter succinogenes）的16S rDNA拷贝数方面存在交互作用，蔗糖组固相R. flavefacien在低RDP下的拷贝数和菊粉组液相F. succinogenes在高RDP下的拷贝数分别趋向于低于（P=0.06）和低于（P＜0.01）淀粉组；③增加日粮RDP水平可以提高所有处理组的总挥发性脂肪酸产量（P＜0.01）和总微生物氮（microbial nitrogen，MN）流量（P＜0.01）；主效应上，果胶组的乙酸摩尔比例（P＜0.05）和乙丙比最高（P＜0.01）；不论RDP水平，蔗糖和菊粉组的丁酸摩尔比例均高于其它处理组（P＜0.01）；低RDP下各处理组的总MN流量差异不显著，但提高RDP使蔗糖和果胶组的总MN流量分别高于（P＜0.01）和趋向（P=0.10）高于淀粉组；主效应上，淀粉组的N利用效率低于蔗糖（P=0.04）和果胶组（P=0.05）。【结论】日粮RDP水平和NFC类型在影响瘤胃发酵、微生物合成和纤维分解菌菌群方面存在交互作用，当日粮中含有足够的瘤胃可利用氮时，蔗糖和果胶较淀粉在促进微生物蛋白合成方面具有优势。

关键词: 瘤胃降解蛋白 , 非纤维性碳水化合物 , 瘤胃发酵 , 微生物合成 , 纤维分解菌

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and sources of non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis, and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). 【Method】 The experiment was a 2×4 factorial arrangement with four NFC types (corn starch, sucrose, pectin, inulin) each combined with two levels of RDP obtained by supplementing with 0 g•d-1 (low RDP) or 1.56 g•d-1 (high RDP) sodium caseinate. 【Result】 Apparent disappearance of dry matter and organic matter was greater (P＜0.01) for the main effect means of sucrose and pectin than for other treatments. A NFC×RDP interaction (P＜0.01) was observed for apparent neutral detergent fibre disappearance, which tended to be lower for sucrose (P=0.10) and pectin (P=0.09) than for starch treatment under low RDP conditions, but did not differ among treatments under high RDP conditions. The 16S rDNA copies of Ruminococcus albus were greater for the main effect means of pectin than for starch treatment. There were NFC×RDP interactions for 16S rDNA copy numbers of R. flavefaciens in both liquid and solid fractions and Fibrobacter succinogenes in liquid fraction. Compared with starch treatment, R. flavefaciens in solid fraction tended to be lower (P=0.06) for sucrose treatment under low RDP conditions and F. succinogenes in liquid fraction was lower (P＜0.01) for inulin treatment under high RDP conditions. Increasing dietary RDP increased total volatile fatty acids production (P＜0.01) and total microbial nitrogen (MN) flow (P＜0.01) in all treatments. The molar proportion of acetate and the ratio between acetate and propionate were both the greatest (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01, respectively) for the main effect means of pectin among treatments. Butyrate molar proportion was greater (P＜0.01) for sucrose and inulin treatments than for other treatments regardless of RDP level. Total MN flow did not differ among treatments under low RDP conditions, but sucrose (P＜0.01) and pectin (P=0.10) produced greater MN than starch with increased RDP. The efficiency of available N was lower for the main effect means of starch than for sucrose (P=0.04) and pectin (P=0.05) treatments.【Conclusion】 Dietary RDP level, NFC type, and their interaction affected ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis, and cellulolytic bacteria populations, and under sufficient ruminal available N sucrose and pectin had greater advantage in microbial N synthesis than starch.

Key words: rumen degradable protein , non-fibre carbohydrates , ruminal fermentation , microbial synthesis , cellulolytic bacteria

赵向辉, 刘婵娟, 刘烨, 李朝云, 姚军虎. 日粮可降解蛋白与非纤维性碳水化合物对人工瘤胃发酵、微生物合成以及纤维分解菌菌群的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(22): 4668-4677.

ZHAO Xiang-Hui, LIU Chan-Juan, LIU Ye, LI Chao-Yun, YAO Jun-Hu. Effects of Degradable Protein and Non-Fiber Carbohydrates on in Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Synthesis, and Populations of Ruminal Cellulolytic Bacteria[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(22): 4668-4677.

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