饲粮油菜籽添加水平对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.11.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在探讨饲粮中不同油菜籽添加水平对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响,从而为肉牛育肥过程中合理使用油菜籽提供依据。【方法】试验采用单因子完全随机设计，选取18月龄、平均初始体重为（447±35.67）kg的西门塔尔杂交公牛40头，依据饲粮中油菜籽含量随机分为对照组（0%）、低菜籽组（8.7%）、中菜籽组（17.4%）、高菜籽组（26.0%），预饲期10 d，正试期90 d。试验结束后称重，计算饲料成本，并采集瘤胃液和血液分别用气相色谱法、比色法和放射免疫法测定瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮和血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）、促甲状腺素（TSH）。用SAS9.2软件中一般线性模型对试验数据进行方差分析。【结果】试验结束各组牛末重之间差异不显著（P＞0.05），中菜籽组日增重最高，为1.33 kg•d-1，显著高于高菜籽组（P＜0.05），比对照组和低菜籽组分别高6.40%和7.25%；高菜籽组干物质采食量最高，对照组最低，但各组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。随油菜籽添加水平的提高，饲料成本降低（P＞0.05）；中菜籽组料重比最低，高菜籽组最高，各组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；不同油菜籽添加水平不显著影响瘤胃液pH、氨态氮以及挥发性脂肪酸的含量（P＞0.05），但随油菜籽添加水平的提高瘤胃液中氨态氮、丁酸和乙酸/丙酸的含量呈降低的趋势，丙酸呈上升趋势，总的挥发性脂肪酸先上升后降低；血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺素（T4）各组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05），中菜籽组和高菜籽组血清中促甲状腺素（TSH）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05），与低菜籽组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。饲粮油菜籽添加水平对血清中谷丙转氨酶、肌酐、胆固醇含量影响差异不显著（P＞0.05），对照组和低菜籽组的谷草转氨酶活性显著低于中菜籽组和高菜籽组（P＜0.05），中菜籽组尿素氮水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05），与其它各组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】添加不同水平的油菜籽对瘤胃发酵参数无显著影响，肉牛育肥期间饲粮油菜籽添加到17.4%时日增重不受影响，饲粮中添加油菜籽可加重甲状腺和肝脏的代谢负担。

关键词: 油菜籽 , 肉牛 , 生长性能 , 瘤胃发酵 , 血液生化

Abstract: 【Objective】The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary rapeseed levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood biochemical indices in beef cattle to provide a basis for the rational use of rapeseed during beef cattle fattening. 【Method】 The trial has adopted one-factor completely random design. Forty healthy crossbred Simmental bulls at (447±35.67) kg initial live weight and approximately 18-month old were randomly allocated into 4 experimental diets containing varying proportions of rapeseeds in a completely randomized design. Four treatment diets with different inclusion levels of rapeseeds were: control diet with no rapeseed added, 8.7% rapeseed (low rapeseed, LR), 17.4% rapeseed (middle rapeseed, MR), and 26% rapeseed (high rapeseed, HR), respectively. The animals were allowed 10 days to adapt to the diets and experimental measurements were taken in 90 days. Cattle were weighed at the end of the experiment and feed cost was calculated individually. Blood and ruminal content samples were collected and volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyrotrophin (TSH) were estimated in the four treatments using gas chromatography, colorimetric method and radioimmunoassay. Variance analysis was conducted using the general linear model of SAS 9.2. 【Result】The results showed that, no difference in liveweight before slaughtering among treatments (P＞0.05) was observed, the average daily gain (ADG) in MR group was the highest (1.33 kg•d-1), which was higher than that in HR group (P＜0.05), and 6.40% and 7.25% higher than that in control grounp and LR grounp (P＞0.05). Cattle in the HR group consumed the highest dry matter and LR group consumed the lowest, however there was no significant difference among four groups (P＞0.05). With the increase of rapeseed level, feed cost decreased (P＞0.05). Feed to gain ratio (F/G) was the lowest in MR group and the highest in HR group, however no significant difference among the four groups. Rumen pH, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid concentration did not get significant influence by the increased dietary rapeseed levels (P＞0.05), but NH3-N, butyric acid concentration and the ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid tended to decrease, propionic acid concentration tended to increase, and total VFA tended to increase first and then decrease. Serum TSH was significantly decreased when cattle received MR and HR diets, compared with control diet (P＜0.05). Serum AST was significantly increased when cattle received MR and HR diets, compared with control and LR diet (P＜0.05). UN was markedly decreased when cattle received MR diet, compared with control diet, whereas no differences with other groups. No significant differences were observed among all the groups in blood T3 and T4, ALT, creatinine and cholesterol (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】The data indicate that there is no significant effect on rumen fermentation when adding different diet rapeseed levels. Adding 17.4% rapeseed to beef cattle diets had no effect on ADG during fattening period. The metabolism of thyroid and liver could be aggravated when cattle received dietary with rapeseed.

Key words: rapeseed , beef cattle , growth performance , rumen fermentation , blood biochemical indices

张杰杰1, 2, 赵红波1, 游伟1, 成海建1, 刘晓牧1, 万发春1, 孙国强2, 宋恩亮1, 刘倚帆1. 饲粮油菜籽添加水平对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(11): 2233-2241.

ZHANG Jie-Jie-1, 2 , ZHAO Hong-Bo-1, YOU Wei-1, CHENG Hai-Jian-1, LIU Xiao-Mu-1, WAN Fa-Chun-1, SUN Guo-Qiang-2, SONG 恩Liang-1, LIU Yi-Fan-1. Influence of Dietary Rapeseed Levels on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Indices in Beef Cattle[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(11): 2233-2241.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.11.017

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2014/V47/I11/2233

参考文献

[1] Murphy J J, McNeill G P, Connolly J F, Gleeson P A. Effect on cow performance and milk fat composition of including full fat soyabeans and rapeseeds in the concentrate mixture for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 1990, 57(3): 295-306.

[2] Moss A. The effects of long-term feeding of extracted rapeseed meal and whole rapeseed on the physical and financial performance, health and welfare of high yielding [dairy] cows. Dairy Science, 2002, 7: 3679-3682.

[3] Delbecchi L, Ahnadi C E. Milk fatty acid composition and mammary lipid metabolism in Holstein cows fed protect or unprotected canola seeds. Dairy Science, 2001, 84: 1375-1381.

[4] Wiesen B, Kincaid R L, Hilers J K. The use of rapeseed screenings in diets for lactating cows and subsequent effects on milk yield and composition. Dairy Science, 1990, 73: 3533-3562.

[5] 大成清, 朱钦龙. 奶牛饲料. 江西饲料, 1995, 2: 25-27.

Da C Q, Zhu Q L. Cow feed. Jiangxi Feed, 1995, 2: 25-27. (in Chinese)

[6] 董文俊. 内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区“双低”油菜籽、粕在奶牛日粮中应用的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2006: 32-57.

Dong W J. The utility of “double-low” rape seed and meal of Innermogolia Hulunbeier in dairy cattle diet[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2006: 32-57. (in Chinese)

[7] 韩学平. 油籽对成年羊生产性能、肉品质及体脂脂肪酸组成的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2006: 19-33.

Han X P. Effect of oil seeds on fattening perofrmance, meat quality and fatty acid profile in muscle and adipose tissue of adult ewe. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2006: 19-33. (in Chinese)

[8] 周小玲, 郝力壮, 肖浩, 刘书杰, 吴克选. 饲喂油菜籽对放牧牦牛乳脂率的影响. 草食家畜, 2008, 6(2): 38-41.

Zhou X L, Hao L Z, Xiao H, Liu S J, Wu K X. The effect of feeding rapeseed to grazing yak on milk fat content. Grass-Feeding Livestock, 2008, 6(2): 38-41. (in Chinese)

[9] National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Washington, D C: The National Academies Press, 2000.

[10] 曹庆云, 周武艺, 朱贵钊, 颜惜玲, 叶慧. 气相色谱测定羊瘤胃液中挥发性脂肪酸方法研究. 中国饲料, 2006, 24: 26-28.

Cao Q Y, Zhou W Y, Zhu G Z, Yan X L, Ye H. The methods study that gas chromatography(GC) was developed for the determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen liquor. China Feed, 2006, 24: 26-28. (in Chinese)

[11] 冯宗慈, 高民. 通过比色法测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进. 内蒙古畜牧科学, 2010, 4: 40-41.

Feng Z C, Gao M. The improvement methed of gastric juice ammonia nitrogen content by colorimetric method. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2010, 4: 40-41. (in Chinese)

[12] Ferlay A, Legay F, Bauchart D, Poncet C, Doreau M. Effect of a supply of raw or extruded rapeseeds on digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70: 915-923.

[13] 陈胜昌. 奶牛日粮中添加油菜籽、菜籽油及脂肪酸钙对奶牛产奶量及奶品质的影响. 中国畜牧兽医, 2007, 34(11): 73-76.

Chen S C. The effect of supplementation of rapeseed, rape oil, fatty acid on milk yield and quality of cows. Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2007, 34(11): 73-76. (in Chinese)

[14] 刘哲, 韩学平, 张利平, 雷赵民, 吴建平. 整粒油籽对舍饲成年母羊肉品质和生产性能的影响. 草业科学, 2007, 6(24): 62-66.

Liu Z, Han X P, Zhang L P, Lei Z M, Wu J P. Effect of supplementing whole oilseeds on meat quality and productive performance of adult ewes raised in house. Pratacultural Science, 2007, 6(24): 62-66. (in Chinese)

[15] Hussein H S, Merchen N R, Fahey G C. Effects of forage level and canola seed supplementation on site and extent of digestion of organic matter, carbohydrates, and energy by steers. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73(8): 2458-2468.

[16] 林莉, 郝力壮, 张晓卫, 赵月平, 吴克选, 崔占鸿, 冯宇哲, 柴沙驼, 刘书杰.日粮中添加油菜籽对牦牛瘤胃发酵的影响研究. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2010, 9: 9.

Lin L, Hao L Z, Zhang X W, Zhao Y P, Wu K X, Cui Z H, Feng Y Z, Chai S T, Liu S J. Effects of supplementation of rapeseed in dietary on rumen fermentation of yaks. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2010, 9: 9. (in Chinese)

[17] 刘瑞芳. 日粮中添加植物油对奶牛瘤胃发酵和乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量影响的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2006: 16-23.

Liu R F. Studies on effect of different plants oil on the rumen fermentation and the content of conjugated linoleic acids of milk fat in dairy cows[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2006: 16-23. (in Chinese)

[18] Murphy J J, Kennelly J J. Effect of protein concentrate and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ. Journal of Dairy Science, 1987, 70: 1841-1849.

[19] Hristov A N, McAllister T A. Effect of inoculants on whole-crop barley silage fermentation and dry matter disappearance in situ. Journal of Animal Science, 2002, 80: 510-516.

[20] 赵国琦, 贾亚红, 陈小连, 孙龙生. 不同NDF/NFE 比的日粮对山羊瘤胃发酵参数影响的研究. 中国畜牧杂志, 2006, 42(13): 29-32.

Zhao G Q, Jia Y H, Chen X L, Sun L S. Effects of the ratio of NDF to NFE on ruminal internal environment parameters of the goats. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 42(13): 29-32. (in Chinese)

[21] Tesfa A T. Effects of rape-seed oil supplementation on digestion, microbial protein synthesis and duodenal microbial amino acid composition in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1993, 41: 313-328.

[22] 李胜利. 添加玉米油对绵羊瘤胃发酵, 营养代谢及组织脂肪酸含量影响的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2010: 39-40.

Li S L. Effects of corn oil on the rumen fermentation, nutrient metabolism and fatty acid contents in sheep[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2010: 39-40. (in Chinese)

[23] 尹召华, 王梦芝, 王洪荣, 张洁, 喻礼怀. 乙酸与丙酸比对体外瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸发酵模式和微生物群体多样性的影响. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(12): 2129-2135.

Yin Z H, Wang M Z, Wang H R, Zhang J, Yu L H. Acetate to propionate ratio: effects on volatile fatty acid fermentation pattern and microorganisms diversities in rumen fluid in vitro. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23(12): 2129-2135. (in Chinese)

[24] 孙国强, 吕永艳, 刘建雷. 脂肪酸钙对瘤胃发酵及羧甲基纤维素酶活性的影响. 中国饲料, 2010, 24: 31-33.

Sun G Q, Lü Y Y, Liu J L. The effects of fatty acid calcium on rumen

fermentation and activity of carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme. China Feed, 2010, 24: 31-33. (in Chinese)

[25] Bell J M. Nutrients and toxicants in rapeseed meal. Journal of Animal Science, 1984, 58(4): 996-1010.

[26] Lardy G P, Kerley M S. Effect of increasing the dietary level of rapeseed meal on intake by growing beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 1994, 72: 1936-1942.

[27] Ahlin K A, Emanuelson M, Wiktorsson H. Rapeseed products from double-low cultivars as feed for dairy cows: effects of long-term feeding on thyroid function, fertility and animal health. Acta Veterinaria Scandinacica, 1994, 35(1): 37-53.

[28] Landy G P, Kerley M S. Effect of increasing the dietary level of rapeseed meal on intake by growing beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 1994, 72: 1936-1942.

[29] Fisher L J, Dorothy S W. Substitution of rapeseed meal for soybean meal as a substitution of protein for lactating cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1976, 56(2): 233-242.

[30] 窦晓丽. 复合酸化剂对夏季蛋鸡生产性能的影响及作用机理研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2004: 5-10.

Dou X L. Study on effect of aeidifiers on production peroformance and mechanism of layers in surnmer[D]. Yangling: Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, 2004: 5-10. (in Chinese)

[31] 王志有, 侯生珍, 王兴福. 双低菜籽饼在育肥羔羊精料中的适宜添加量. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(6): 3600-3602.

Wang Z Y, Hou S Z, Wang X F. Optimal supplement dosage of double-low rapeseed meal in concentrated feed of fattening lambs. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 2011, 39(6): 3600-3602. (in Chinese)

[32] 汪水平, 王文娟, 左福元, 周沛, 赵建军, 张家骅. 中药复方对夏季肉牛的影响: Ⅱ.血气指标、血清代谢产物浓度及免疫和抗氧化功能参数. 畜牧兽医学报, 2011, 42(5): 734-741.

Wang S P, Wang W J, Zuo F Y, Zhou P, Zhao J J, Zhang J H. Effect of chinese medicine prescription on beef cattle in summer: Ⅱ. The blood gas analysis, the concentration of metabolites and the parmeters of the immune and antioxidant capability in the serum. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2011, 42(5): 734-741. (in Chinese)

[33] Blome R M, Drackley J K, Mckeith F K, Mckeith F K, Hutjens M F, Mccoy G C. Growth, nutrient utilization, and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 81: 1641-1655.