青蒿素对山羊瘤胃发酵和微生物氮素微循环的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.24.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】青蒿素是天然青蒿属植物的提取物，它很早就在中国传统中药中被用作抗疟疾、抗肿瘤和驱虫等药物。为探讨青蒿素对反刍动物瘤胃发酵、瘤胃内环境及其瘤胃微生物蛋白质循环的影响，确定青蒿素的对瘤胃发酵调控的效果和适宜添加量，为青蒿素作为一种新的瘤胃调控剂在反刍动物生产中应用提供依据。【方法】采用4只带有瘤胃瘘管的徐淮白山羊为试验动物，饲喂以玉米、豆粕和羊草为主组成的基础日粮，在基础日粮中分别添加占日粮干物质0，0.2%，0.4%和0.6%的青蒿素，进行4×4拉丁方设计试验，研究对山羊瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃微生物种群变化；采用DTAF荧光染料标记细菌（FLB）的一种新方法测定瘤胃原虫吞噬细菌速率和吞噬量的影响。【结果】山羊瘤胃液中pH值平均值的范围在6.85—7.16，在瘤胃的正常范围内；青蒿素能够降低NH₃-N浓度，其中0.4%和0.6%两个处理组的瘤胃液中NH₃-N浓度与对照组差异显著。青蒿素能够提高乙酸、丙酸及、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）的摩尔浓度及丙酸的摩尔浓度百分比，能降低乙酸/丙酸比，各添加组的乙酸/丙酸比显著或极显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)；随着青蒿素添加量的增加，细菌蛋白产量增加，其中，以0.6%添加组最高，与对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01)；0.4%和0.6%添加组的原虫蛋白产量极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01)；青蒿素对瘤胃液肽浓度的均值没有显著影响。同时，添加青蒿素后，瘤胃中细菌总数增加而原虫总数减少，使瘤胃原虫种属结构变化。添加青蒿素能显著影响原虫对细菌的吞噬速率，对照组和添加0.2%，0.4%和0.6%青蒿素处理组的吞噬速率分别为：320.11cells/（cell h）、313.94cells/（cell h）、305.00cells/（cell h）、278.14cells/（cell h）。【结论】添加青蒿素能显著影响瘤胃发酵类型，具有降低瘤胃中氨态氮浓度的趋势；同时可显著降低瘤胃中原虫密度，增加了细菌密度，改变瘤胃中原虫的种属构成比例；使瘤胃内毛虫比例显著降低，使双毛虫和等毛虫比例显著提高。添加0.6%青蒿素能显著降低山羊瘤胃内菌体蛋白的微循环，使山羊瘤胃原虫吞噬速率和微生物氮循环量减少而提高饲料蛋白质的潜在利用效率。

关键词: 青蒿素, 瘤胃发酵, 微生物氮素循环, 山羊

Abstract: 【Objective】 Artemisinine is a kind of plant（Artemisia apiacea） extracts which is a potential feed additive to manipulate the rumen fermentation pattern in the future. The main purpose of this study was to search a novel rumen regulating agent and reveal its consequences of manipulation in the rumen. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of artemisinine on the rumen fermentation parameters and nitrogen recycling rate between protozoa and bacteria in the rumen. 【Method】 Four Xuhui goats fitted with rumen cannula were used in the experiment. Animals were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments (adding 0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% artemisinine in diets, respectively) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. All animals were kept in individual pen and fed with ad libitum diet consisted of grinded corn, soybean meal and Chinese ryegrass hay mainly and had free access to clean drinking water. Protozoa engulf bacteria rate and ruminal nitrogen recycling were determined by a novel fluorescence-labeled bacteria technique dyed with 5-([4,6-Dichlorotriazin-2-yl]amino) fluorescein hydrochloride.【Results】The results showed that the extent of pH ranged from 6.85 to 7.16. The addition of artemisinine could decrease the concentration of NH₃-N concentration effectively; the consequences of ammonia concentration for 0.4% and 0.6% artemisinine treatments were significantly lower than that of the control group. It was shown that acetate, propionate as well as total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration in the rumen were dramatically improved by adding artemisinine, and the ratio of acetate to propionate for artemisinine treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05). With the increasing addition of artemisinine, bacterial protein yields tended to increase, and bacterial protein yield of the highest 0.6% group was very significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01). Additionally, compared to the control group, no significant influence was detected in ruminal peptide nitrogen concentration. Additionally, artemisinine led to an increase of bacterial density, and a decrease of protozoal density. It was further observed that, the engulfing rate of rumen protozoa on bacteria was altered by artemisinine, and they were, 320.11cells/（cell h）, 313.94cells/（cell h）, 305.00cells/（cell h）, 278.14cells/（cell h）for A, B, C, D, respectively. 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that artemisinine was more effective at 0.6% DM proportion of diet. It could decrease ammonia concentration and influence on ruminal fermentation pattern accordingly. The addition of artemisinine in diet could drop the total protozoal density and alter protozoa genus profile in the rumen, where the percentage of Entodinium was decreased, and that of Diplodinium and Isotricha were increased. With adding at 0.6% artemisinine, the rate of microbial protein recycling was increased by decreasing engulfing bacteria rate of protozoa in the rumen of goats and dietary protein efficiency was improved potentially.

Key words: artemisinine, rumen fermentation, microbial nitrogen recycling, goats

王洪荣，秦韬，王超. 青蒿素对山羊瘤胃发酵和微生物氮素微循环的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(24): 4904-4914.

WANG Hong-rong, QIN Tao, WANG Chao. Effects of Artemisinine on the Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Nitrogen Recycling Rate in Goats[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(24): 4904-4914.

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