中国农业科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 307-315 .

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于GIS丘陵土壤分区的水稻施肥配方研究

郭熙,赖锦春,赵小敏,谢林波,陶丹丹,周学文

  

  1. (江西农业大学农学院/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点试验室)
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-15 修回日期:2010-07-23 出版日期:2011-01-15 发布日期:2011-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵小敏

Fertilizer Recommendations on Rice of Soil Distribution at Hilly Area by GIS

GUO Xi, LAI Jin-chun1, ZHAO Xiao-min, XIE Lin-bo , TAO Dan-dan, ZHOU Xue-wen
  

  1. (江西农业大学农学院/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点试验室)
  • Received:2010-03-15 Revised:2010-07-23 Online:2011-01-15 Published:2011-01-15
  • Contact: ZHAO Xiao-min

摘要:

【目的】分析弋阳县土壤养分分布状况,划分弋阳县土壤肥力等别,绘制肥力等别图;创建施肥建议模型,得出各区明确而可行的水稻最佳经济效益施肥方案并得到相应施肥方案图。【方法】基于弋阳县2006—2008三年测土数据和基础地理数据,结合GIS 软件形成养分专题图、坡度图和高程图,分析丘陵县域土壤养分含量分布与地形的关系。结合耕地地力调查数据,进一步对该县土壤进行养分综合等级分区。在分区的基础上,选取能代表各区土壤肥力特性的水稻“3414”肥料试验,利用SAS软件对各“3414”试验数据进行肥料效应方程的拟合,结合方程求解各区水稻最佳经济效益和对应的施肥量、施肥比例。【结果】中、高含量的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾主要分布在平原及低坡度区;低含量的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾主要分布在丘陵、低山、岗埠地带。弋阳县耕地主要肥力等别区共9区,各区水稻最佳经济效益为8 313—13 500元/hm2,对应的氮、磷、钾施肥量高低有别,施用比例为1.0﹕0.18—0.49﹕0.48—0.85。【结论】丘陵县域土壤养分含量分布变异较大,与地形分布相关。采用宏观GIS和建模技术,结合土壤分析数据和田间试验数据,针对不同分区提出各区的施肥建议。

关键词: 土壤分区, 配方施肥, 肥料效应方程, GIS

Abstract:

【Objective】 This paper is aimed to create a macro model of fertilizer recommendations, so that obtain the most economical rice fertilization program specified for each district and the corresponding diagram of fertilization program by analyzing the distribution of soil nutrients, classifying the rice fields according to soil fertility, and drawing the map of soil fertility in Yiyang County. 【Method】Based on the fertility evaluation and soil testing data collected from 2006 to 2008 in Yiyang County, the relationship of soil nutrient content and topography in hilly area can be analyzed with GIS software by creating a nutrient thematic map, slope map and elevation chart. Then, combined with the soil fertility survey data, the different districts with integrated level of soil nutrient can be further classified. After that, the experiments with “3414” model are conducted, which represent the soil fertility grade of various districts. Finally, the experimental data were analyzed by SAS software for calculating the quotient for max productivity as well as the corresponding fertilizers rate and ratio needed.【Result】The high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mainly distributed in plains and low slope areas, and low contents are in hilly, low mountains and hillock plain. The land of Yiyang County can be divided into nine districts. The best economic benefit obtained between RMB 8 313 yuan/hm2 to 13 500 yuan/hm2, and corresponding proportion of N, P and K fertilizer range in 1﹕0.18-0.49﹕0.48-0.85. 【Conclusion】 Distribution of soil nutrients at hilly areas varies greatly, resulting from the topography. GIS and modeling techniques combined with microscopic soil analysis and field test can solve the problems of fertilizer recommendations in such area, even propose area-specified fertilizer recommendations.

Key words: distribution map of soil, fertilizer recommendations, fertilizer effect equation, GIS