花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥和阶段施氮效应函数的建立及在配方施肥中的应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】建立越冬花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥效应和阶段施氮效应函数模型，用于计算推荐施肥量，为花椰菜不同生产目标的测土配方施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以越冬中熟花椰菜品种‘120天’为材料，通过“311-A”拟饱和最优回归设计和单形格子设计，分别开展氮磷钾平衡施肥效应和阶段施氮肥效应的田间试验研究，建立花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥的产量、外观成品率和与营养品质有关的硫苷含量效应函数模型，以及阶段施氮肥的产量效应函数模型。在不同地块土壤养分分析基础上，将施肥效应函数模型运用于花椰菜测土配方施肥。【结果】花椰菜产量、外观成品率与氮磷钾肥料施用量码值之间回归关系极显著并存在高度的相关关系。寻优得到最高产量的氮磷钾优化施肥组合为N 372.83、P2O5 89.65、K2O 201.41 kg•hm-2，其最高产量为19 089.25 kg•hm-2，进一步通过频率分析寻优，获得最高产量下基肥、前期追肥、后期追肥的较优施氮比例为0.4313﹕0.2427﹕0.3260。寻优得到最高出口成品率的氮磷钾优化施肥组合为N 434.20、P2O5 90.11、K2O 213.92 kg•hm-2，其最高成品率为84.95%。通过对4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷含量效应函数模型模拟及主效分析，花球中4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷含量主要受氮肥含量的影响，施氮量为394.62 kg•hm-2时，4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷的含量达到极大值。结合施肥模型，在分析土样养分含量基础上，运用推荐施肥量计算函数，完成30份地块不同生产目标的氮、磷、钾施肥量推荐。结果表明，生产目标和土壤基础肥力不同，施肥模型推荐的最优施肥量均有差异。以追求最高产量下不同地块的施肥推荐为例，氮、磷、钾最大推荐施肥量比最小推荐量分别高7.92%、10.21%和68.39%。【结论】建立施肥效应函数模型，结合测土配方施肥的推荐施肥量计算函数，可以对花椰菜不同生产目标下的地块进行施肥推荐。

关键词: 花椰菜, 氮磷钾平衡施肥, 阶段施氮, 效应函数模型, 测土配方施肥

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of the study is to establish effect function models of N, P, K fertilizer balanced application and the N fertilizer application in different stages for winter cauliflower and to apply that in soil test for fertilization according to calculation formula of recommended fertilization rate toward different production targets.【Method】Using a mid-maturity winter cauliflower variety ‘120 Tian’, the “311-A” optimization regression design was used to conduct field experiments of N, P, K fertilizers and to build the models of the effect of balanced N, P, K fertilization , N fertilizer application and content of glucoraphanin. Simplex lattice design was used to conduct field experiments of N fertilizer in different stages and to build the model of the effect of N fertilization. The combination of fertilization effect model and soil test analysis could further recommend the optimal fertilization for cauliflower production.【Result】There were extremely significant correlation between yield, appearance eligibility ratio and the coded value of N, P, K. The N, P, K optimal combination on yield was N 327.83 kg•hm-2, P2O5 89.65 kg•hm-2, K2O 201.41 kg•hm-2, and the maximum yield was 19 089.25 kg•hm-2. Further analysis showed that a good distribution ratio of N fertilizer application rates before field planting, at the early growth stage and at later growth stage was 0.4313:0.2427:0.3260. The N, P, K optimal combination on appearance eligibility ratio was N 434.20 kg•hm-2, P2O5 90.11 kg•hm-2, K2O 213.92 kg•hm-2, and the maximum appearance eligibility ratio was 84.95%. There were significant effects on the content of glucoraphanin by applying N fertilizer. When N fertilizer application reached 394.62 kg•hm-2, glucoraphanin content would get to maximum. The optimal fertilization for cauliflower production of 30 field parcels could further recommend by the combination of fertilization model and soil test analysis, according to calculation function of recommended fertilization rate toward different production targets. The results showed that the different optimal combinations of applying N, P, K fertilizers could be carried on, according to the different targets and soil nutrient level. For example, toward the maximum yield of 30 different plots, the maximum of recommended N, P and K fertilization rate were 7.92%, 10.21%, and 68.39% more than the minimum, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Toward the different plots and production targets, the N, P, K fertilization rate could be recommended according to the optimal fertilization effect function model and recommendation calculation function.

Key words:

cauliflower, N, P, K balanced fertilization, N fertilization in different stages, effect function model, soil test for fertilization

李光庆, 谢祝捷, 姚雪琴. 花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥和阶段施氮效应函数的建立及在配方施肥中的应用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(10): 2070-2080.

LI Guang-Qing, XIE Zhu-Jie, YAO Xue-Qin. Effect Function of NPK Fertilization, N Fertilization in Different Stages and Its Application in Formula Fertilization on Cauliflower [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(10): 2070-2080.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.10.012

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2011/V44/I10/2070

参考文献

[1]李素文，赵前程，孙德岭，耿欣．国内外花椰菜种植面积及产量变化趋势．中国蔬菜, 2005(3): 36-37.

Li S W, Zhao Q C, Sun D L, Geng X. Acreage and yield trends of cauliflower home and abroad. China Vegetables, 2005(3): 36-37. (in Chinese)

[2]朱凤林，晋宏，黄聪丽，刘景春. 氮磷钾肥配施对花椰菜产量的影响．中国农学通报，2005, 21(4): 218-220.

Zhu F L, Jin H, Huang C L, Liu J C. Effects of N, P and K fertilizers on the yield of cauliflower. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(4):218-220. (in Chinese)

[3]黄梅卿．氮磷钾平衡施用对花椰菜经济产量及品质的影响．中国农学通报，2007, 23(5): 261-266.

Huang M Q. Study on effect of cauliflower economic yield and quality balanced fer tilization with NPK. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(5): 261-266. (in Chinese)

[4]Farnham M W, Wilson P E, Stephenson K K, Fahey G W. Genetic and environmental effects on glucosinolate content and chemoprotective potency of broccoli. Plant Breeding, 2004, 123: 60-65.

[5]谢祝捷，李媛，姚雪琴，邱海荣．青花菜基因型和环境互作对花球4–甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷含量的影响．园艺学报, 2010, 37(4): 625-630.

Xie Z J, Li Y, Yao X Q, Qiu H R. Effects of genotype, environment and interaction on glucoraphanin content in broccoli. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2010, 37(4): 625-630. (in Chinese)

[6]Kim S J, Matsuo T, Watanabe M, Watanabe Y. Effect of nitrogen and sulphur application on the glucosinolate content in vegetable turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.). Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2002, 48(1): 43-49.

[7]张朝轩，谢祝捷，陈澍棠，吴震．阶段施用氮肥量对青花菜产量和品质的影响．上海农业学报，2008，24 (2):78-80.

Zhang C X, Xie Z J, Chen S T, Wu Z. Effect of different stage applications of N fertilizer on yield and quality of broccoli．Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2008, 24(2):78-80. (in Chinese)

[8]Scheuner E T, Schmidt S, Krumbein A, Schonhof I, Schreiner M. Effect of methionine foliar fertilization on glucosinolate concentration in broccoli and radish. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2005, 168:275-278.

[9]Kage H, Alt C, Stützel H. Nitrogen concentration of cauliflower organs as determined by organ size, N supply, and radiation environment. Plant and Soil, 2002, 246: 201-209.

[10]郭熙盛，吴礼树，朱宏斌, 王文军，叶舒娅，武际．不同钾肥品种和用量对花椰菜产量品质的影响．植物营养与肥料学报，2007，13(3):464-470.

Guo X S, Wu L S, Zhu H B, Wang W J, Ye S Y, Wu J. Effects of different types and rates of potassium fertilizer on yield and quality of cauliflower. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007, 13(3): 464-470. (in Chinese)

[11]程季珍，刘兆林，杨凌云，张春霞，亢青选．白菜、甘蓝养分平衡施肥技术研究．华北农学报，1995, 10 (2) :111-115.

Cheng J Z, Liu Z L, Yang L Y, Zhang C X, Kang Q X. A study on nutrition balance fertilization technology for Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 1995, 10(2):111-115. (in Chinese)

[12]黄绍文，金继运，白由路，杨俐苹，秦松．不同土壤肥力水平下元白菜施氮、磷、钾和锌的效应．土壤肥料, 2005, (5):3-7.

Huang S W, Jin J Y , Bai Y L, Yang L P, Qin S. Cabbage response to nitrogen , phosphorus , potassium and zinc application under different soil fertility levels. Soils and Fertilizers, 2005, (5):3-7. (in Chinese)

[13]高凤友．玉米测土配方施肥应用技术的基础研究-以赤峰市松山区为例[D]．北京: 中国农业科学院, 2007.

Gao F Y. Study on fundamental research of application technology of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation for maze-example for songshan district Chifeng city[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. (in Chinese)

[14]Wu P, Fang P, Wu L, Tao Q, Yang Y. Application of a rice field Experi- mental error distribution function to nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium fertilizer response model analysis. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1997, 47: 1-5.

[15]Nicholaides J J, Chancy H R, Nelson L A, Sheiton J E. Snap bean grade and yield response to N rate and time of application and P and K rate. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1985, 16 (7): 741-757.

[16]Anderson R L, Nelson L A. A family of models involving intersecting straight lines and concomitant experimental designs useful in evaluating response to fertilizer nutrients. Biometrics, 1975, 31: 303-318.

[17]崔海信．温室黄瓜产量形成的氮磷钾反映模式及其最n优施肥参数的初步研究．中国农业科学, 1987, 20(4): 25-31.

Cui H X. A preliminary study on the model of response of yield to NPK and the optimum fertilizing doses of greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus, L.) Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1987, 20(4): 25-31.(in Chinese)

[18]蔡开地．结球甘蓝平衡施用氮磷钾肥效应研究．植物营养与肥料学报，2004，10(1):73-77.

Cai K D. Response of headed cabbage to N, P, K balanced fertilization. Plant Nutrition And Fertilizer Science, 2004, 10(1): 73-77. (in Chinese)

[19]Everaarts A P, Vandenberg W. A comparison of three nitrogen response models for cauliflower. Acta Horticulturae, 1996, 428: 171-179.

[20]王兴仁，张福锁．现代肥料试验设计．北京: 中国农业出版社，1996: 81-185.

Wang X R, Zhang F S. Modern Fertilizer Experiment Design. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1996: 81-185. (in Chinese)

[21]徐中儒．回归分析与试验设计．北京:中国农业出版社，1998: 102-152.

Xu Z R. Regression Analysis and Experiment Design. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1998: 102-152. (in Chinese)

[22]邱海荣，姚雪琴，谢祝捷，施元吉，乔永进，吴震．反相高效液相色潽法检测青花菜和花椰菜中4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷．上海农业学报，2008，24(4):72-74.

Qiu H R, Yao X Q, Xie Z J, Shi Y J, Qiao Y J, Wu Z. Determination of glucoraphanin contents in broccoli and cauliflower by reverse-dphase HPLC．Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2008, 24(4):72-74. (in Chinese)

[23]鲁剑巍．测土配方与作物配方施肥技术．北京:金盾出版社，2006: 108-131.

Lu J W. Soil Testing and Crop Fertilizer Technology. Beijing: Jindun Press, 2006: 108-131. (in Chinese)

[24]张朝轩，谢祝捷，陈澍棠，吴震．氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响．园艺学报, 2008, 35(4): 591-594.

Zhang C X, Xie Z J, Chen S T, Wu Z. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron on nutrient absorption, distribution, yield and quality of broccoli. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2008, 35(4): 591-594. (in Chinese)

[25]Zhao F, Evans E J, Bilsborrow P E, Syers J K. Influence of sulphur and nitrogen on seed yield and quality of low glucosinolate oilseed rape (Brassica napus L). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1993, 63:29-37.

[26]Zhang K F, Greenwood D J, White P J, Burns I G. A dynamic model for the combined effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and mineral composition; description and experimental test. Plant Soil, 2007, 298: 81-98.

[27]王林学，李玲，李建平. 测土配方施肥技术在水稻上的应用与效果初探. 中国农学通报，2009, 25(6):155-158.

Wang L X, Li L, Li J P. Application and effect analysis of soil-testing and fertilizer-applying prescription technique in paddy rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(6): 155-158. (in Chinese)

[28]Abouel-Magd M M, Abdel-Fattah A A, Selim E M. Influence of mineral and organic fertilization methods on growth, yield and nutrients uptake by broccoli Crop. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2009,5(5): 582-589.

[29]Stanislaw K, Jan R. Effect of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and soil type on yield and quality of cauliflower. Journal of Vegetable Crop Production, 1998, 4(1): 67-75.

[30]李仁岗. 肥料效应函数. 北京: 农业出版社, 1987: 46-214.

Li R G. Fertilizer Effect Function. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1987: 46-214. (in Chinese)