关键词: 棉花 , 栽培 , 两熟 , 模式 , 体系

Abstract: This article aims to elaborate the achievement, developing demand and trend of cotton cultivation technologies in China. In view of the characteristics of the monsoon climate and the dry oasis desert climate, the cotton cultivation techniques are universally used in production, such as the seedling raising and transplanting with nutritive soil-cubes, film mulching and chemical regulation with plant growth regulator, which have an obvious effect on yield increasing and early maturity in China and make China in the highest flight of cotton production in the world. In view of the national condition of large population and limited arable land, the double crop system of wheat/cotton and rape/cotton were coming into being, which had realized the dual increasing of crop sowing area and output. But there were competition and stress of light, heat and water during the co-growth period in the compound community of wheat/cotton interplanting in Yellow River region, which caused cotton late-growth and late-maturing. So that, the planting pattern of wheat/cotton was standardized, the early-growth promoting technique of cotton was used, both realizing the yield increasing of the wheat and cotton in coordination and synchronization. With rural labor transferring into urban areas, the new techniques of the vegetative branches utilization, the industrialized seedling raising with soilless substance, and the mechanized transplanting were advanced. In view of the informationization demand, the early warning system and its monitoring indicator of China cotton production prosperity index and China cotton growth index were put forward. Up to now, the planting patterns, such as the double cropping of rape/cotton or wheat/cotton, the cotton cultivation technologies system consisting of “dense, short early”, the vegetative branches utilization, have been formed in China. The modern cotton production technology also comes out initially, such as precision farming, industrialization seedling raising, and the mechanized transplanting. The cotton cultivation techniques system also are in dire need of intensive, enlarged scale, environment-friendly, information-based techniques support to meet the modern agriculture. On a long view, the single cultivation technique should break through in discipline of cotton cultivation as to form new technique patterns through the integrated innovation, and promote progress of cotton production technologies.

Key words: Cotton , Cultivation , Double cropping , Pattern , System