关键词: 普通小麦, 籽粒硬度, Friabilin, Puroindol, Pina, Pinb

Abstract: Kernel hardness, controlled by a major gene located on the short arm of chromosome 5D, is one of the most important wheat quality characteristics and determines marketing and classification of common wheat. With the development of hardness measuring, the molecular genetic basis of kernel hardness has rapidly progressed. It is known that Pina and Pinb form the molecular basis of wheat kernel hardness and lacking of PINA or mutation in Pinb caused wheat endosperm become hard. Endosperm structure and genetic basis of hardness are summarized in order to provide useful information in understanding the formation of grain hardness.

Key words: Common wheat, Kernel hardness, Friabilin, Puroindoline, Pina, Pinb