西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.01.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 4-17.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.01.002

• 专题：小麦抗病新基因挖掘及品种培育 • 上一篇下一篇

西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略

白斌¹(), 张怀志², 杜久元¹(), 张晓洋³, 何瑞¹, 伍玲⁴, 张哲⁵, 张耀辉⁶, 曹世勤¹, 刘志勇²()

¹ 甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所，兰州 730070
² 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所/种子创新研究院，北京 100101
³ 湖南农业大学苎麻研究所，长沙 410128
⁴ 四川省农业科学院作物研究所，成都 610066
⁵ 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，武汉 430070
⁶ 天水市农业科学研究所，甘肃天水 741000

收稿日期:2022-07-25 接受日期:2022-09-08 出版日期:2024-01-01 发布日期:2024-01-10
通信作者:
杜久元，E-mail：dujiuyuan1962@163.com。
刘志勇，E-mail：zyliu@genetics.ac.cn
联系方式: 白斌，E-mail：baibingaas@gsagr.cn。
基金资助:
甘肃省重点研发计划(21YF5NA146); 国家自然科学地区科学基金(31860379); 甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2023GAAS12); 甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2022GAAS006)

Current Situation and Strategy of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Untilization in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Northwestern Oversummering Region for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China

BAI Bin¹(), ZHANG HuaiZhi², DU JiuYuan¹(), ZHANG XiaoYang³, HE Rui¹, WU Ling⁴, ZHANG Zhe⁵, ZHANG YaoHui⁶, CAO ShiQin¹, LIU ZhiYong²()

¹ Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
² Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/The Inovative Academy of Seed Design, Beijing 100101
³ Ramie Institute of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
⁴ Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
⁵ College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
⁶ Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tianshui 741000, Gansu

Received:2022-07-25 Accepted:2022-09-08 Published:2024-01-01 Online:2024-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】了解中国小麦条锈病西北重要越夏菌源区甘肃陇东和陇南近20年育成小麦品种（系）中抗条锈病基因的利用情况，为陇南小麦条锈病遗传多样性控制，持久抗病品种的培育和可持续绿色健康生态农业奠定基础。【方法】于2019—2020年和2020—2021年种植季对117份冬小麦品种（系）甘肃清水县和四川郫都区进行成株期抗条锈病鉴定，2021年分别用条锈菌CYR33和CYR34对117份品种（系）进行苗期抗条锈病鉴定，并利用分子标记对15个抗条锈病基因进行检测。【结果】田间成株期对条锈菌主要流行致病性混合小种抗病的品种（系）占29.1%，其中，25.6%为陇南区域品种（系），3.4%为陇东区域品种（系），另有25.6%陇南区域感病品种（系）表现慢病性（严重度<20%）。有70.1%品种（系）苗期对CYR33表现抗病，其中，57.3%为陇南区域品种（系），12.8%为陇东区域品种（系）；仅6.0%品种（系）苗期对CYR34具有抗病性，为陇南区域的兰天131等7个品种（系）。苗期和成株期抗病品种（系）以2010年后育成的兰天、中梁、天选、兰航选系列品种为主。分子标记检测结合系谱分析，发现抗条锈病基因Yr9、Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr41、Yr46、YrZH22和YrZH84在所有检测品种（系）中的频率分别为49.6%、1.7%、12.8%、7.7%、12.8%、20.5%、10.3%、34.2%、2.6%、16.2%、15.4%和27.4%，且多以基因聚合体形式存在于品种（系）中，62.4%品种（系）中聚合了2—5个抗条锈病基因，YrZH84、YrZH22和Yr17中的一个或多个基因与其他抗条锈病基因聚合后，品种（系）的条锈病抗性明显高于其他基因组合。此外，在陇南菌源区，以种植小麦为主的山旱地区域（条锈菌越夏区）所推广的品种（系）中，含有Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr41和Yr46的频率较高，越冬区（川水地）推广品种（系）中主要有Yr26、Yr30、YrZH22和YrZH84，越夏区和越冬区品种（系）的抗性遗传背景差异明显，且越夏区品种（系）含有的抗病基因类型多样性高于越冬区。【结论】在越夏菌源区甘肃陇南、陇东的品种（系）中，抗条锈病基因分布频率、抗病基因类型及数量均有明显提高，避免了品种抗病遗传背景单一化问题，实现了品种（系）中的抗病基因较为复杂多样，部分品种的抗病性保持时间长，表明陇南地区利用小麦品种遗传多样性控制条锈病策略的实施已初显成效。

关键词: 普通小麦, 条锈菌, 西北越夏菌源区, 基因聚合, 持久抗性, 分子标记

Abstract:

【Objective】Eestern and Southern Gansu is one of the epidemic centers of stripe rust and over-summering region for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) with continuous emergening of new Pst races in Northwestern China. The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in winter wheat cultivars grown in those regions since 1990s for a better genetic diversity control of the disease, breeding of durable resistant cultivars, sustainable green and healthy ecological agriculture in Southern Gansu. 【Method】The seedling and adult plant stage resistance to the prevailing Pst races CYR33, CYR34, etc. of 117 wheat cultivars (lines) were evaluated at greenhouse in 2021 and field trials in Qingshui of Gansu and Pixian of Sichuan, respectively, during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 cropping seasons. Molecualr markers for 15 Yr genes were also applied to detect the presence of known stripe rust resistant genes. 【Result】Of the 117 varieties and lines tested, thirty-four (29.1%) were found to perform adult plant stage resistance (APR) in the field, among these, 25.6% and 3.4% of cultivars were released in Southern Gansu, and Eastern Gansu, respectively. Another 25.6% susceptible cultivars from Southern Gansu exhibited slow rusting with disease severity (DS) less than 20%. Eighty-two cultivars (70.1%) were resistant to the race CYR33 of Pst at the seedling stage. Among them, 67 (57.3%) and 15 (12.8%) were planted in Southern and Eastern Gansu, respectively. However, only seven (6.0%) of the total entries were resistant to the dominant race CYR34 at the seedling stage, and all of these were cultivars from Southern Gansu, such as Lantian 131 etc. The stripe rusts resistant cultivars named as Lantian, Zhongliang, and Tianxuan series at both seedling and adult plant stages were mainly released after 2010. Molecular markers screening identified the presence of Yr9 (49.6%), Yr10 (1.7%), Yr17 (12.8%), Yr18 (7.7%), Yr26 (12.8%), Yr28 (20.5%), Yr29 (10.3%), Yr30 (34.2%), Yr41 (2.6%), Yr46 (16.2%), YrZH22 (15.4%) and YrZH84 (27.4%) in some cultivars, preferly as 2-5 genes combinations in 73 (62.4%) cultivars. Pyramiding of YrZH84, YrZH22, and Yr17 with other stripe rust resistance genes could provide better disease resistance than other gene combinations. In addition, high frequency of Yr10, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr41, and Yr46 was detected in wheat cultivars grown in the dry highland Pst oversummering region. However, Yr26, Yr30, YrZH22, and YrZH84 were mainly identified in wheat cultivars of the valley Pst overwintering region, indicating significant genetic architecture difference for the stripe rust resistance genes between the cultivars of the oversummering and overwintering regions. Higher genetic diversity of stripe rust resistance genes was found in the cultivars of the oversummering region, compared with that released in the overwintering region. 【Conclusion】Our results revealed the current status of stripe rust resistance genes and their utilization in winter wheat cultivars of Gansu, the northwest oversummering region for Pst of China, in the past 20 years. Diversification of stripe rust resistance genes have been successfully applied in the winter wheat breeding program to develop commercial wheat cultivars and lines for sustainable control of the stripe rust disease. The development of wheat cultivars with stacked stripe rust resistance genes has solved the historical problem of wheat cultivars with narrow genetic background and mono-resistance gene, domonstrating the successful control of wheat stripe rust epidemics using genetic diversity of wheat resistance gene in this region. The present study provides theoretical basis for genetic diversity control of stripe rust disease and set an example for the sustainable green ecological agriculture by breeding wheat cultivars with durable disease resistance.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritic, oversummering region for Pst pathogen in Northwestern China, gene pyramiding, durable resistance, molecular marker

白斌, 张怀志, 杜久元, 张晓洋, 何瑞, 伍玲, 张哲, 张耀辉, 曹世勤, 刘志勇. 西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(1): 4-17.

BAI Bin, ZHANG HuaiZhi, DU JiuYuan, ZHANG XiaoYang, HE Rui, WU Ling, ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG YaoHui, CAO ShiQin, LIU ZhiYong. Current Situation and Strategy of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Untilization in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Northwestern Oversummering Region for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(1): 4-17.

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西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略

Current Situation and Strategy of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Untilization in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Northwestern Oversummering Region for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China

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