多抗高产小麦新品种川麦82的遗传构成解析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (16): 3465-3475.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 下一篇

多抗高产小麦新品种川麦82的遗传构成解析

姚方杰¹(), 杨漫宇¹, 甘学琴¹, 杨宁¹, 曾令芸², 李俊¹, 杨武云¹, 杨恩年¹()

¹ 四川省农业科学院作物研究所（四川省种质资源中心）/农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/农业农村部天府种业创新重点实验室（部省共建）/粮油作物种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室，成都 610066
² 四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，成都 610066

收稿日期:2025-12-30 接受日期:2026-02-16 出版日期:2026-08-16 发布日期:2026-08-17
通信作者:
杨恩年，E-mail：yangennian@126.com
联系方式: 姚方杰，E-mail：yaofangjie@scsaas.cn。
基金资助:
四川省科技计划(2025YFHZ0251); 四川麦类创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-11); 四川省自然科学基金(2024NSFSC1207); 国家农业重大科技项目(NK20220607)

Genetic Composition Analysis of a New Multi-Resistant and High- Yield Wheat Variety, Chuanmai 82

YAO FangJie¹(), YANG ManYu¹, GAN XueQin¹, YANG Ning¹, ZENG LingYun², LI Jun¹, YANG WuYun¹, YANG EnNian¹()

¹ Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066

Received:2025-12-30 Accepted:2026-02-16 Published:2026-08-16 Online:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】川麦82是利用国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）持久抗病种质Singh6选育而成的多抗高产小麦新品种。通过构建川麦82基因型图谱，量化双亲对其基因组贡献率，解析其遗传构成，并明确抗病和产量等性状相关遗传位点的亲本来源，为小麦品种改良和亲本精准选配提供科学依据。【方法】利用小麦100K SNP液相芯片技术对川麦82及其双亲进行全基因组扫描，系统分析其遗传构成；结合芯片搭载的与重要农艺性状及产量性状关联的功能标记，对川麦82的等位基因型进行分析，以追溯其抗病及产量相关性状的遗传来源。【结果】全基因组分析结果表明，供体亲本Singh6和轮回亲本川农16对川麦82的遗传贡献率分别为16.36%和83.64%，与回交育种的理论预期相符。贡献率在A、B、D亚基因组间呈现A>B>D的差异。在染色体水平上，Singh6的遗传片段并非均匀分布，其在1B、2D、4B、5D和6A染色体上贡献了49.24%—86.91%的遗传组分，形成了显著的大片段供体区段；而川农16在其余多数染色体上的贡献率超过89%，构成了品种的遗传背景。基于功能标记的溯源分析进一步揭示，川麦82的条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病抗性基因主要源自Singh6，而抗穗发芽和产量相关基因则主要继承自川农16。【结论】在基因组和染色体水平上精准量化了川麦82的遗传构成。尤为重要的是，发现供体亲本Singh6的遗传贡献集中分布于1B、2D、4B、5D和6A等染色体上，形成了大片段供体区段，保留了供体亲本的遗传多样性。结合功能标记分析，部分区段恰好富集了来自Singh6的锈病、白粉病抗性基因。因此，这些大片段供体区段与来自川农16的高产遗传背景的有机结合，很可能是川麦82实现持久抗病与高产协同提升的关键遗传基础。

关键词: 川麦82, 持久抗病, SNP标记, 基因型图谱, 遗传构成

Abstract:

【Objective】 Chuanmai 82 is a new multiple disease-resistant and high-yielding wheat variety bred from the durable disease-resistant germplasm Singh6, developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). This study aimed to construct a high-density genotypic map of Chuanmai 82, quantify the genomic contribution rates of its two parental lines, analyze its genetic composition, and clarify the parental origins of genetic loci associated with key traits such as disease resistance and yield. The findings provide a scientific basis for wheat variety improvement and the precise selection of parental lines in breeding programs. 【Method】 The wheat 100K SNP array was used to perform whole‑genome scanning of Chuanmai 82 and its two parents. This enabled a systematic analysis of its genetic architecture. Combined with the functional markers related to important agronomic traits and yield traits carried on the SNP array, the allelic genotype of Chuanmai 82 was analyzed to trace the genetic sources of its disease resistance and yield-related traits.【Result】 Whole-genome analysis indicated that the genetic contributions of the donor parent Singh6 and the recurrent parent Chuanong 16 to Chuanmai 82 were 16.36% and 83.64%, respectively, which aligns with the theoretical expectations of backcross breeding. The contribution rates exhibited a gradient difference across the subgenomes A, B, and D, with A>B>D. At the chromosomal level, the genetic fragments from Singh6 were not uniformly distributed, contributing 49.24% to 86.91% of the genetic components on chromosomes 1B, 2D, 4B, 5D, and 6A, forming significant large-segment donor regions. In contrast, Chuanong 16 contributed over 89% to most of the remaining chromosomes, constituting the genetic background of the variety. Functional marker-based tracing further demonstrated that the stripe rust, leaf rust, and powdery mildew resistance genes in Chuanmai 82 were predominantly derived from Singh6, while the pre-harvest sprouting resistance and yield-related genes were mainly inherited from Chuanong 16.【Conclusion】 This study accurately quantified the genetic composition of Chuanmai 82 at both the genome and chromosome levels. Notably, the genetic contribution of the donor parent Singh6 was concentrated on chromosomes 1B, 2D, 4B, 5D, and 6A, forming large-segment donor regions that retained the genetic diversity of the donor parent. Combined with functional marker analysis, some of these regions were enriched with rust and powdery mildew resistance genes from Singh6. Therefore, the optimal combination of these large-segment donor regions (carrying disease resistance genes) and the high-yield genetic background from Chuanong 16 is likely the key genetic basis for the synergistic enhancement of durable disease resistance and high yield in Chuanmai 82.

Key words: Chuanmai 82, durable resistance, SNP marker, genotypic map, genetic constitution

姚方杰, 杨漫宇, 甘学琴, 杨宁, 曾令芸, 李俊, 杨武云, 杨恩年. 多抗高产小麦新品种川麦82的遗传构成解析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(16): 3465-3475.

YAO FangJie, YANG ManYu, GAN XueQin, YANG Ning, ZENG LingYun, LI Jun, YANG WuYun, YANG EnNian. Genetic Composition Analysis of a New Multi-Resistant and High- Yield Wheat Variety, Chuanmai 82[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(16): 3465-3475.

图/表 4

图1

表1

图2

表2

川麦82及双亲川麦16和Singh6的功能标记分析"

性状 Trait	基因 Gene	川农16 Chuannong 16	Singh6	川麦82 Chuanmai 82	性状 Trait	基因 Gene	川农16 Chuannong 16	Singh6	川麦82 Chuanmai 82
条锈病 Stripe rust	Yr5	-	-	-	白粉病 Powdery mildew	Pm2a	-	-	-
	Yr18	-	+	-		Pm21	-	-	-
	Yr26	-	-	-		PmV	-	-	-
	Yr29	-	+	+		Pm12	+	+	+
	Yr30	-	+	+		Pm5e	-	-	-
	Yr75	-	+	+	黄花叶病毒病 Wheat yellow mosaic virus	IWA700	-	-	-
	Yr78	-	+	-	穗发芽 Pre-harvest sprouting	TaSdr-A1	易Prone	NA	易Prone
	Yr80	-	NA	-		TaSdr-B1	易Prone	易Prone	易Prone
	Yr82	-	-	-		TaMFT-3A	易Prone	易Prone	易Prone
	YrZH58	-	-	-		Phs1-3A	抗Resistant	NA	抗Resistant
	YrSP	-	-	-	多酚氧化酶活性 Polyphenol oxidase	Ppo2-B1	低Low	高High	低Low
	QYrsn.nwafu-1BL	-	NA	NA	多酚氧化酶活性 Polyphenol oxidase	Ppo2-D1	高High	高High	H
	QYrxn.nwafu-1BL	+	-	-	籽粒大小Seed size	QGl-4A	小Small	小Small	小Small
	QYrsn.nwafu-2AS	-	-	-	籽粒大小/粒重 Seed size/weight	TaSus2-2A	低Low	低Low	低Low
	QYrqin.nwafu-2AL	+	+	+		TaSus2-2B	高High	低Low	高High
	QYrhm.nwafu-2BC	-	-	-		TaGS2-B1	NA	/	/
	QYrqin.nwafu-2BL	+	NA	+	粒重 Seed weight	TaCwi-A1	高High	低Low	高High
	QYr.nwafu-3BS	NA	+	NA		Tabas1	H	H	低Low
	QYrsn.nwafu-3DL	-	+	-		TaGS5-A1	低Low	低Low	低Low
	QYr.nwafu-4BL	-	-	-		TaGW2-6A	低Low	H	高High
	QYrsn.nwafu-6BS	-	-	-		TaT6P	H	低Low	低Low
	QYrqin.nwafu-6BS	-	-	-	面粉色泽Flour color	Lyce-A1	/	高High	/
叶锈病 Leaf rust	Lr21	-	-	-		TaLCYE-B1	低Low	低Low	低Low
	Lr37	-	-	-	籽粒硬度Grain hardness	Pinb-D1	软Soft	软Soft	软Soft
	Lr46	-	+	+	种皮颜色Bran color	Tamyb10-B1	H	/	/
	Lr67	+	+	+	开花时间 Flower time	TaTOE-B1	NA	H	/
	Lr68	-	-	-		ELF3-B1	晚Late	晚Late	晚Late
	Lr80	-	-	-		Vrn-A1	晚Late	早Early	晚Late
赤霉病 Fusarium head blight	Qfhb.caas-3BL	-	H	-	株高 Plant height	QPht-2D	矮Short	矮Short	矮Short
	QFhb.hbaas-5AS	+	+	+		RHT-8	矮Short	高High	高High
	QFhb.hbaas-5AL	-	+	-		Rht-D1	高High	NA	NA
	QFhb.caas-5AL	-	-	-		Rht24_AP2	高High	H	矮Short

表2

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染色体 Chromosome	总差异位点数 No. of total differential SNPs	川农16 Chuannong 16		Singh6
染色体 Chromosome	总差异位点数 No. of total differential SNPs	差异位点数 No. of differential SNPs	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	差异位点数 No. of differential SNPs	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
1A	533	505	94.75	28	5.25
1B	1109	443	39.95	666	60.05
1D	174	156	89.66	18	10.34
2A	1869	1867	99.89	2	0.11
2B	1158	1151	99.40	7	0.60
2D	329	141	42.86	188	57.14
3A	792	719	90.78	73	9.22
3B	1031	1030	99.90	1	0.10
3D	265	264	99.62	1	0.38
4A	1042	1011	97.02	31	2.98
4B	408	137	33.58	271	66.42
4D	417	415	99.52	2	0.48
5A	954	951	99.69	3	0.31
5B	1133	1054	93.03	79	6.97
5D	197	100	50.76	97	49.24
6A	1230	161	13.09	1069	86.91
6B	1396	1392	99.71	4	0.29
6D	283	282	99.65	1	0.35
7A	961	857	89.18	104	10.82
7B	707	696	98.44	11	1.56
7D	373	352	94.37	21	5.63
A亚基因组Subgenome A	7381	6071	82.25	1310	17.75
B亚基因组Subgenome B	6942	5903	85.03	1039	14.97
D亚基因组Subgenome D	2038	1710	83.91	328	16.09
全基因组Whole Genome	16361	13684	83.64	2677	16.36

多抗高产小麦新品种川麦82的遗传构成解析

Genetic Composition Analysis of a New Multi-Resistant and High- Yield Wheat Variety, Chuanmai 82

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