小麦新品种淮麦33的遗传构成分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.17.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】解析高产广适小麦新品种淮麦33的遗传构成，探讨双亲烟农19和郑麦991对其产量相关性状的遗传贡献，为小麦品种改良及亲本选配提供依据。【方法】利用部分农艺及品质性状、高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及覆盖小麦21条染色体的625个SSR分子标记分析淮麦33及其双亲的遗传构成；比对已知的产量性状相关QTL，分析双亲的产量相关区段对淮麦33的遗传贡献。【结果】淮麦33的每平方米穗数和千粒重均介于两亲本之间，穗粒数和小区产量均显著高于两亲本；与烟农19相比,其株高显著降低。淮麦33的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成为（1、17+18和2+12），其中1和17+18亚基均来自于母本烟农19，2+12亚基来自于父本郑麦991。SSR分子标记分析表明，双亲对淮麦33的遗传贡献和理论值相比出现了较大偏离，淮麦33分别继承了烟农19和郑麦991两亲本73.9%和26.1%的遗传物质。淮麦33与烟农19具有较大的遗传相似度，遗传相似系数为0.78。在不同基因组和染色体水平上，双亲对淮麦33的遗传贡献率差异较大，其中，烟农19在A、B和D基因组水平的遗传贡献率均较高，分别为75.1%、69.4%和68.7%；除6A染色体外，烟农19在其他20条染色体上的遗传贡献率均高于郑麦991，其中在2A染色体上达到100%，在1A、3A、2B、3B和4B等5条染色体上均超过90%。在遗传距离大于5 cM的染色体区段中，淮麦33来源于烟农19和郑麦991的染色体区段分别有34个和7个，其中在2D染色体上来源于烟农19的染色体区段最多，在5A染色体上来源于郑麦991的区段最多。淮麦33有38个不同于双亲的特异位点，主要分布在1B、1D、2A、2B、2D、3A、3B、3D、4A、4B、5A、5B、6B、6D和7A等15条染色体上。比对已知产量性状相关QTL，共发现10个产量相关区段，有6个来源于烟农19，分别位于1A、2D、3B、4B、4D和7A染色体上；3个来源于郑麦991，分别位于4A和5A染色体上；1个为淮麦33特异区段，位于6D染色体上。【结论】明确了小麦新品种淮麦33的遗传构成，其更多地继承了母本烟农19的遗传物质；发现淮麦33中来源于不同亲本的产量相关区段。

关键词: 淮麦33, 高分子量谷蛋白亚基, SSR标记, 遗传构成

Abstract: 【Objective】 Huaimai33 is a new wheat cultivar featuring high yield and good adaptation, which was derived from a cross between Yannong19 and Zhengmai991. In this study, the genetic contributions of the two parent cultivars to Huaimai33 were determined by comparing their agronomical performance and genome composition. 【Method】 The grain yield, quality traits, and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of Huaimai33 and its parents were evaluated. The parental origins of Huaimai33 chromosomal segments were identified using 625 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and the segments were analyzed for their effects on yield and yield-related traits by linking them to known quantitative trait loci (QTLs) reported in previous studies. 【Result】 The spike number per square meter and thousand grain weight of Huaimai33 were between those of Yannong19 and Zhengmai991; in contrast, Huaimai33 showed significantly higher grains per spike and plot yield than both of its parents. The plant height of Huaimai33 was significantly lower compared with Yannong19. The HMW-GS composition of Huaimai33 was 1, 17+18, and 2+12, among which the 1 and 17+18 subunits were derived from female parent Yannong19 and the 2+12 subunit was derived from the male parent Zhengmai991. SSR marker analysis showed that the two parents contributed differently to the genome of Huaimai33; that is, 73.9% of the Huaimai33 genome originated from Yannong19, and 26.1% from Zhengmai991. Huaimai33 therefore was highly similar to Yannong19, with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.78. Furthermore, Yannong19 contributed more to Huaimai33 than Zhengmai991 in subgenomes A (75.1%), B (69.4%) and D (68.7%). This was also the case at the level of individual chromosomes with the exception of 6A. In particular, chromosome 2A in its entirety, and over 90% each of chromosomes 1A, 3A, 2B, 3B, and 4B were conferred by Yannong19. Of the Huaimai33 chromosomal segments greater than 5 cM in size, 34 segments came from Yannong19 and only 7 from Zhengmai991. Chromosome 2D contains the most segments from Yannong19 of all chromosomes, whereas 5A holds the most from Zhengmai991. Interestingly, Huaimai33 had 38 loci that were absent in both parents, which were distributed on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6B, 6D, and 7A. Based on marker-trait associations identified in previous studies, 10 genomic regions in Huaimai33 were associated with effects on yield and yield-related traits. Of these regions, 6 were contributed by Yannong19 (on chromosomes 1A, 2D, 3B, 4B, 4D, and 7A), 3 by Zhengmai991 (on chromosomes 4A and 5A), and the last was Huaimai33 specific (on chromosome 6D). 【Conclusion】 Defining the genetic composition of Huaimai33 showed that the genome fractions of the parent Yannong19 were maintained more frequently than Zhengmai991 during development. The chromosomal segments from different parents on grain yield had been found. This would improve our understanding of how to develop elite cultivars and their key agronomical traits through breeding.

Key words: Huaimai 33, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit, SSR markers, genetic components

杨子博，王安邦，冷苏凤，顾正中，周羊梅. 小麦新品种淮麦33的遗传构成分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(17): 3237-3248.

YANG ZiBo, WANG AnBang, LENG SuFeng, GU ZhengZhong, ZHOU YangMei. Genetic Analysis of the Novel High-Yielding Wheat Cultivar Huaimai33[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(17): 3237-3248.

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