播种密度对精量穴直播再生稻头季茎秆抗倒伏性和周年产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.14.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明播种密度对精量穴直播再生稻头季茎秆抗倒伏性的调控效应及其两季产量的影响，以期为再生稻生产适应直播丰产抗倒伏轻简化栽培提供科学依据。【方法】于2022—2023年，试验以渝香优8133和泰优粤禾丝苗为供试品种，设置5个播种密度（D1：150 000穴/hm²；D2：195 000穴/hm²；D3：240 000穴/hm²；D4：285 000穴/hm²；D5：330 000穴/hm²），分析茎秆力学、形态性状、干物质积累与分配、茎鞘化学组分与头季茎秆抗倒伏性和两季产量的关系。【结果】随着播种密度的增加，再生稻头季和再生季产量呈先增加后降低趋势，渝香优8133和泰优粤禾丝苗的产量在D3处理下最高，分别为14.03和13.23 t∙hm^-2。相较于D1处理，D2和D3处理头季茎秆倒伏指数呈小幅增加，渝香优8133和泰优粤禾丝苗分别增加3.91%—14.69%和1.48%—5.77%；D4和D5处理倒伏指数大幅上升，渝香优8133和泰优粤禾丝苗分别显著提高31.67%—40.74%和10.54%—23.27%。增加播种密度后，基部节间折断弯矩显著降低是头季倒伏指数增加的主要原因。不同密度处理间再生稻头季茎秆各节间长度、株高和重心高差异不显著，叶面积指数随播种密度的增加呈显著上升趋势。D3处理下，单株茎鞘和穗干质量、基部节间茎鞘充实度、茎粗和壁厚较D1处理呈小幅下降，从而维持茎秆较高的机械强度；D4和D5处理下呈大幅降低趋势，泰优粤禾丝苗差异达显著水平。进一步分析发现，再生稻头季抽穗期茎鞘中可溶性总糖、淀粉、纤维素和木质素含量显著降低，使得D4和D5处理下头季茎秆质量劣化，导致植株倒伏指数上升。相关分析表明，头季单株茎鞘干质量、壁厚、可溶性总糖、淀粉、纤维素和木质素与折断弯矩呈显著正相关关系，而与倒伏指数显著呈负相关关系。【结论】适宜的播种密度可有效协调精量穴直播头季群体与个体矛盾，通过维持个体较高的茎秆质量进而壮秆抗倒，改善群体结构，实现增密增产；240 000穴/hm²是协调头季茎秆抗倒伏性和再生稻两季高产的适宜播种密度。

关键词: 精量穴直播再生稻, 抗倒伏, 产量, 密度, 茎秆质量

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of sowing density on stem lodging resistance in main crop and annual grain yield of precision-hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice. The results could provide a scientific basis for ratoon rice production with high yield and lodging resistance to adapt to direct seeding and simplified cultivation.【Method】From 2022 to 2023, a field experiment was conducted using two hybrid indica rice varieties Yuxiangyou8133 (YXY8133) and Taiyouyuehesimiao (TYYHSM) with five sowing densities, namely, D1: 150 000 hills/hm², D2: 195 000 hills/hm², D3: 240 000 hills/hm², D4: 285 000 hills/hm², and D5: 330 000 hills/hm². The study focused on analyzing the relationships of stem mechanical parameters, morphological traits, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and culm and leaf sheath chemical composition with stem lodging resistance in the main crop and grain yield in the main and ratoon crops under the precision-hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice system.【Result】With increased sowing density, rice yield in both main and ratoon crop increased first and then decreased, and annual yield was highest under D3, reaching 14.03 and 13.23 t∙hm^-2 for YXY8133 and TYYHSM, respectively. Compared with the D1 treatment, D2 and D3 treatments slightly increased stem lodging index of main crop by 3.91%-14.69% and 1.48%-5.77% for YXY8133 and TYYHSM, respectively; D4 and D5 treatments markedly increased the lodging index by 31.67%-40.74% and 10.54%-23.27% for YXY8133 and TYYHSM, respectively. The increased sowing density induced significant reduction of breaking moment of basal internodes and thereby, mainly contributed to higher stem lodging index in main crop. Internode length, panicle length, plant height, and gravity center height did not differ significantly among sowing-density treatments, but LAI increased significantly with higher sowing density. The culm and leaf sheath dry weight per plant, panicle dry weight per plant, basal internode culm and leaf sheath plumpness, stem diameter and wall thickness of D3 treatment decreased slightly when compared with D1, thereby maintaining high stem mechanical strength; while D4 and D5 treatments showed larger reduction, and with differences reaching significance for TYYHSM. Further, D4 and D5 treatments significantly decreased the soluble sugar content, starch content, cellulose and lignin content in culm and leaf sheath per plant of main crop at heading stage and thus, resulted in poor stem quality and a higher lodging index in main crop. Correlation analysis showed that culm and leaf sheath dry matter weight per plant, culm wall thickness, soluble sugar content, starch content, cellulose and lignin content were significantly and positively correlated with breaking moment of basal internodes, but significantly and negatively correlated with lodging index.【Conclusion】The appropriate sowing density can effectively balance the trade-off between population size and individual plant growth in main crops under precision hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice, enhance individual plant robustness by maintaining high stem quality, improve the population structure, and consequently, enhance stem lodging resistance and yield performance; D3 treatment was the suitable sowing density to coordinate the lodging resistance in main crop and the high yield of ratoon rice system.

Key words: precision-hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice, lodging resistance, yield, sowing density, clum quality

张巫军, 段秀建, 梁子蒙, 杜斌, 唐永群, 李经勇, 姚雄. 播种密度对精量穴直播再生稻头季茎秆抗倒伏性和周年产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(14): 3038-3055.

ZHANG WuJun, DUAN XiuJian, LIANG ZiMeng, DU Bin, TANG YongQun, LI JingYong, YAO Xiong. Effects of Sowing Density on Culm Lodging Resistance in the Main Crop and Annual Grain Yield of Precision Hill-Direct-Seeded Ratoon Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(14): 3038-3055.

图/表 12

图1

表1

图2

表2

表3

播种密度对精量穴直播再生稻头季株高、重心高及N5节间形态指标和充实度的影响"

年份 Year			处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	重心高度 Gravity center height (cm)	茎充实度 Culm dry weight per cm (mg∙cm^-1)	鞘充实度 Leaf sheath dry weight per cm (mg∙cm^-1)	茎粗 Culm diameter (mm)	茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness (mm)
2022	渝香优8133 YXY8133		D1	128.70±4.26a	54.49±2.62a	40.07±3.88a	21.43±2.48a	6.22±0.15a	1.02±0.01ab
			D2	130.22±4.56a	54.86±3.82a	35.63±2.54ab	20.43±3.78ab	6.08±0.16ab	0.97±0.06ab
			D3	127.98±2.67a	54.12±1.65a	40.43±3.61a	21.13±1.90a	6.18±0.11a	1.03±0.02a
			D4	127.47±3.94a	54.50±1.95a	35.03±2.31ab	18.17±2.57ab	5.78±0.29bc	0.95±0.06b
			D5	125.39±5.09a	53.30±2.71a	32.87±3.38b	15.77±1.46b	5.66±0.07c	0.94±0.01b
	泰优粤禾丝苗 TYYHSM		D1	106.41±0.69a	49.29±3.68a	35.53±3.61a	19.37±1.46ab	5.87±0.22a	0.93±0.03a
			D2	105.12±3.61ab	49.06±2.94a	35.87±5.37a	20.43±1.22a	5.52±0.19ab	0.94±0.04a
			D3	104.01±1.41ab	48.04±0.62a	35.40±0.80a	19.73±1.01a	5.52±0.13ab	0.93±0.06a
			D4	101.24±2.44b	48.56±3.74a	29.77±3.59ab	18.80±0.51bc	5.13±0.02b	0.83±0.02b
			D5	100.90±1.16b	46.26±1.88a	28.17±3.09b	16.90±0.67c	5.27±0.02b	0.84±0.04b
2023	渝香优8133 YXY8133		D1	137.81±2.75b	57.77±0.49a	35.44±1.28a	18.00±2.87a	6.95±0.17a	0.95±0.03a
			D2	137.64±2.45b	55.11±2.00a	36.81±7.01a	17.22±2.58a	7.12±0.16a	0.88±0.03a
			D3	143.56±4.45ab	58.30±2.73a	37.14±3.03a	15.56±4.04ab	6.98±0.47a	0.85±0.07a
			D4	144.88±3.26a	57.76±3.03a	37.46±3.73a	15.40±1.39ab	6.64±0.12ab	0.80±0.04b
			D5	143.25±1.58a	59.12±2.27a	35.19±5.66a	14.37±1.12b	6.56±0.05b	0.79±0.03b
	泰优粤禾丝苗 TYYHSM		D1	108.04±1.90a	47.26±1.37a	36.44±2.63a	24.11±3.04a	6.62±0.10a	0.83±0.06a
			D2	108.41±2.07a	47.01±1.66a	35.63±3.50a	20.85±4.21a	6.66±0.10a	0.83±0.03a
			D3	109.45±3.13a	46.49±1.88a	36.41±2.51a	21.48±1.59a	6.50±0.51a	0.81±0.11a
			D4	109.98±4.80a	46.77±0.54a	35.67±3.40ab	19.33±1.26ab	6.31±0.10b	0.74±0.04ab
			D5	110.53±2.14a	47.64±0.36a	30.59±1.49b	19.18±2.71b	6.12±0.08b	0.70± 0.03b
		方差分析 ANOVA
		年份 Year (Y)		117.82**	3.14	0.52	0.82	267.74**	95.53**
		品种 Variety (V)		1140.86**	187.62**	5.73*	11.67**	72.22**	28.55**
		密度 Density(D)		0.43	0.17	3.45*	4.54*	6.61**	7.12**
		Y×V		19.86**	14.23**	1.16	15.36**	0.07	4.24*
		Y×D		3.54*	1.46	1.00	0.64	1.67	0.86
		V×D		1.52	0.46	0.42	0.13	0.69	2.56
		Y×V×D		0.50	0.31	0.34	0.56	0.33	0.42

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表4

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年份 Year	品种 Varietie	头季 Main crop					再生季 Ratoon crop			周年生育期Annual growth duration
年份 Year	品种 Varietie	播种期 Sowing date	拔节期Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage	生育期 Growth duration	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage	生育期 Growth duration	周年生育期Annual growth duration
2022	渝香优8133 YXY8133	03-29	06-10	07-14	08-12	136	09-10	10-15	64	200
2022	泰优粤禾丝苗 TYYHSM	03-29	06-06	07-08	08-08	132	09-03	10-08	61	193
2023	渝香优8133 YXY8133	03-29	06-15	07018	08-21	145	09-16	10-20	60	205
2023	泰优粤禾丝苗 TYYHSM	03-29	06-11	07012	08-17	141	09-11	10-14	58	199

年份 Year	品种 Varietie		处理 Treatment	折断弯矩 Breaking moment (g∙cm)	弯曲力矩 Bending moment of the whole plant (g∙cm)	倒伏指数 Lodging index (%)
2022	渝香优8133 YXY8133		D1	3040.01±102.61a	2890.10±126.26a	95.16±5.58c
			D2	3061.23±65.96a	3024.58±251.59a	98.84±8.56c
			D3	2917.50±171.40a	2906.70±175.89a	99.65±2.53c
			D4	2405.88±79.44b	2917.94±177.53a	121.35±7.90b
			D5	2001.30±22.41c	2754.89±223.43a	137.60±10.13a
	泰优粤禾丝苗 TYYHSM		D1	2679.19±94.57a	1953.38±43.17a	72.94±1.41b
			D2	2551.02±132.19ab	1893.40±113.82ab	74.33±5.45b
			D3	2424.20±141.11ab	1911.47±71.02ab	78.89±3.46b
			D4	2042.47±102.26c	1749.02±45.45c	85.74±3.96a
			D5	2073.87±131.38c	1806.61±47.79bc	87.26±3.39a
2023	渝香优8133 YXY8133		D1	2542.27±244.07a	3787.31±475.47a	148.86±10.64c
			D2	2394.01±117.02ab	3700.34±81.72a	154.71±4.51bc
			D3	2168.16±188.58abc	3917.08±517.98a	180.22±8.51ab
			D4	2015.92±200.85bc	3994.07±153.15a	199.94±27.27a
			D5	1982.58±96.21c	4074.35±206.45a	205.83±14.66a
	泰优粤禾丝苗 TYYHSM		D1	2356.54±124.99a	2 485.81±144.61a	105.60±6.41b
			D2	2287.33±157.43ab	2 444.92±182.81a	106.87±1.18b
			D3	2268.33±180.41ab	2 502.02±358.79a	109.94±6.96b
			D4	2109.07±334.12ab	2 343.21±344.67a	111.61±10.38b
			D5	1891.547±259.29b	2 509.19±380.91a	132.84 ±10.93a
		方差分析 ANOVA
		年份Year (Y)		58.15**	154.17**	418.03**
		品种Variety (V)		19.57**	373.17**	372.36**
		密度Density (D)		37.38**	0.09	28.60**
		Y×V		12.34**	9.83**	47.03**
		Y×D		3.45*	1.07	1.36
		V×D		1.62	0.57	6.24**
		Y×V×D		2.53	0.40	2.06

指标 Index	倒伏指数 Lodging index (%)	折断弯矩 Breaking moment (g∙cm)
折断弯矩Breaking moment (g∙cm)	-0.440**	—
叶面积指数 LAI	0.709**	-0.605**
茎充实度 Culm dry weight per cm (mg∙cm^-1)	0.106	0.355**
鞘充实度Leaf sheath dry weight per cm (mg∙cm^-1)	-0.522**	0.403**
茎粗 Culm diameter (mm)	0.682**	0.007
壁厚Culm wall thickness (mm)	-0.285*	0.628**
抽穗期单株茎鞘淀粉含量 Starch content per plant at HS (g/plant)	-0.503**	0.667**
抽穗期单株可溶性总糖含量 Soluble sugar content per plant at HS (g/plant)	-0.124	0.510**
抽穗期单株纤维素含量 Cellulose content per plant at HS (g/plant)	-0.539**	0.538**
抽穗期单株木质素含量 Lignin content per plant at HS (g/plant)	-0.497**	0.685**
成熟期单株茎鞘淀粉含量 Starch content per plant at MS (g/plant)	-0.408**	0.551**
成熟期单株可溶性总糖含量 Soluble sugar content per plant at MS (g/plant)	-0.589**	0.608**
成熟期单株纤维素含量 Cellulose content per plant at MS (g/plant)	-0.549**	0.507**
成熟期单株木质素含量 Lignin content per plant at MS (g/plant)	-0.408**	0.654**