不同灌溉量对东北地区水稻抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.09.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (9): 1848-1868.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.09.003

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同灌溉量对东北地区水稻抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

白晶晶¹(), 章宇辰¹, 倪子捷¹, 高佳勇¹, 刘伟洋¹^,³, 盖东升¹, 王雨行¹, 何佳庆¹, 张强¹, 邵玺文¹^,², 吴莹¹, 耿艳秋¹(), 郭丽颖¹()

¹ 吉林农业大学农学院，长春 130118
² 作物种质资源吉林省实验室，长春 130118
³ 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，哈尔滨 150080

收稿日期:2025-08-17 接受日期:2026-04-08 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-05-06
通信作者:
耿艳秋，E-mail：ccgyq@163.com。
郭丽颖，E-mail：guoliying0621@163.com
联系方式: 白晶晶，E-mail：baijingjing0088@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2300101); 吉林省科技厅重点研发计划(20250202029NC)

Effects of Different Irrigation Volumes on Lodging Resistance Characteristics and Yield of Rice in Northeast China

BAI JingJing¹(), ZHANG YuChen¹, NI ZiJie¹, GAO JiaYong¹, LIU WeiYang¹^,³, GAI DongSheng¹, WANG YuHang¹, HE JiaQing¹, ZHANG Qiang¹, SHAO XiWen¹^,², WU Ying¹, GENG YanQiu¹(), GUO LiYing¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
² Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, Changchun 130118
³ College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080

Received:2025-08-17 Accepted:2026-04-08 Published:2026-05-01 Online:2026-05-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同灌溉量对水稻农艺性状、抗倒伏特性及产量形成的影响，探索较适宜的水稻高产稳产绿色栽培水分管理方案，为水稻可持续生产提供理论依据。【方法】以五优稻4号（WYD4）和吉农大667（JND667）为试验材料，进行6个不同灌溉量处理：W1（12 000 m³·hm^-2），W2（10 500 m³·hm^-2），W3（9 000 m³·hm^-2），W4（7 500 m³·hm^-2），W5（6 000 m³·hm^-2）和W6（天然雨养），通过研究不同灌溉量对水稻株型、抗倒伏能力、光合特性、干物质积累和产量的影响，明确不同灌溉量对其调控效应及机制。【结果】适当地减少灌溉量，提高了水稻最终茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、上三叶叶长、叶面积指数，降低了上三叶叶宽、叶基角和株高。W4处理能够优化水稻株型，促进植株生长，形成良好的群体结构。随着灌溉量的减少，水稻基部第二节间茎秆长度降低，节间充实度、抗折力、倒伏指数和茎鞘中木质素、纤维素含量都呈先上升后下降的趋势。适宜的灌溉量有利于水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的提高；在提高水分利用效率的同时，提高了水稻剑叶的光合性能、茎鞘干物质的积累和运输能力，有利于产量的形成。与W1处理相比，W4处理节约了37.50%的灌溉用水量，产量显著提高了9.07%—12.47%。【结论】在W4（7 500 m³·hm^-2）处理下，水稻相较于其他处理有更好的株型、抗倒伏能力、光合性能、干物质积累，在水分利用效率较高的同时拥有了最高的产量，可作为本地区较为适宜的灌溉量。

关键词: 水稻, 灌溉量, 株型, 抗倒伏, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of different irrigation volumes on the agronomic traits, lodging resistance and yield formation of rice, and to explore a more suitable water management plan for high-yield and stable-yield green cultivation of rice, and to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable rice production.【Method】Using WYD4 and JND667 as experimental materials, six different irrigation volume treatments were carried out: W1 (12 000 m³·hm^-2), W2 (10 500 m³·hm^-2), W3 (9 000 m³·hm^-2), W4 (7 500 m³·hm^-2), W5 (6 000 m³·hm^-2) and W6 (natural rainfall). By studying the effects of different irrigation volumes on the plant architecture, resistance to lodging, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of rice, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of different irrigation volumes on these aspects were clarified.【Result】Reducing irrigation properly increased the final tiller number, the percentage of productive tillers, leaf length of the top three leaves, and leaf area index of rice, while reducing the leaf width and leaf base angle of the top three leaves, as well as plant height. The W4 treatment can optimize the plant morphology of rice, promote plant growth, and form a good population structure. With the decrease in irrigation volume, the length of the second internode at the base of rice decreased, and the internode plumpness, breaking resistance, lodging index, and the contents of lignin and cellulose in the stem and sheath first increased and then decreased. Proper irrigation was beneficial for improving the lodging resistance of rice stems. Appropriate irrigation volume not only improves water use efficiency but also enhances the photosynthetic performance of the flag leaves of rice, the accumulation and transportation capacity of dry matter in the stem and sheath, which is beneficial to yield formation. Compared with the W1 treatment, the W4 treatment saved 37.50% of the irrigation water consumption, and the yield significantly increased by 9.07%-12.47%.【Conclusion】Under the W4 (7 500 m³·hm^-2) treatment, rice has better plant morphology, lodging resistance, photosynthetic performance, and dry matter accumulation compared with other treatments. Therefore, it has the highest yield while having a high water use efficiency and can be used as a more suitable irrigation volume in this region.

Key words: rice, irrigation volume, plant morphology, lodging resistance, yield

白晶晶, 章宇辰, 倪子捷, 高佳勇, 刘伟洋, 盖东升, 王雨行, 何佳庆, 张强, 邵玺文, 吴莹, 耿艳秋, 郭丽颖. 不同灌溉量对东北地区水稻抗倒伏特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(9): 1848-1868.

BAI JingJing, ZHANG YuChen, NI ZiJie, GAO JiaYong, LIU WeiYang, GAI DongSheng, WANG YuHang, HE JiaQing, ZHANG Qiang, SHAO XiWen, WU Ying, GENG YanQiu, GUO LiYing. Effects of Different Irrigation Volumes on Lodging Resistance Characteristics and Yield of Rice in Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(9): 1848-1868.

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处理 Treatment	总灌溉量 Total irrigation volume (m³·hm^-2)	泡田定额 Field soaking water volume (m³·hm^-2)	返青期 Regreening stage (m³·hm^-2)	分蘖期Tillering stage (m³·hm^-2)			拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting stage (m³·hm^-2)	抽穗灌浆期 Heading and grain filling stage (m³·hm^-2)	黄熟期 Yellow ripening stage (m³·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	总灌溉量 Total irrigation volume (m³·hm^-2)	泡田定额 Field soaking water volume (m³·hm^-2)	返青期 Regreening stage (m³·hm^-2)	前期 Early stage	中期 Middle stage	后期 Late stage	拔节孕穗期 Jointing and booting stage (m³·hm^-2)		黄熟期 Yellow ripening stage (m³·hm^-2)
W1	12000	1500	1050	1050	2100	晒田 Field drying	3150	3150	0
W2	10500	1500	900	900	1800		2700	2700	0
W3	9000	1500	750	750	1500		2250	2250	0
W4	7500	1500	600	600	1200		1800	1800	0
W5	6000	1500	450	450	900		1350	1350	0
W6	1500	1500	天然雨养 Natural rainfall

年份Year	品种Varieties	处理Treatment	输出量Output (g·m^-2)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	转运率Transport rate (%)
2023	JND667	W1	68.40±2.33d	7.46±0.15c	11.26±0.27c
		W2	75.89±3.55c	8.14±0.34b	11.41±0.36c
		W3	95.83±4.38b	9.48±0.25a	12.44±0.38b
		W4	103.59±4.15a	9.91±0.40a	12.99±0.26a
		W5	56.26±0.84e	6.50±0.29d	10.22±0.14d
		W6	46.04±1.46f	6.02±0.04e	9.19±0.04e
	WYD4	W1	63.37±1.93c	6.81±0.17d	10.35±0.25c
		W2	66.77±2.50c	7.12±0.22c	10.31±0.21c
		W3	88.57±2.80b	8.71±0.22b	11.59±0.23b
		W4	93.97±2.05a	9.07±0.04a	12.00±0.21a
		W5	53.93±1.17d	6.42±0.06e	9.13±0.20d
		W6	46.93±0.70e	6.10±0.07f	8.60±0.24e
2024	JND667	W1	58.93±1.95d	7.12±0.13c	10.73±0.22c
		W2	66.57±1.92c	7.85±0.21b	11.01±0.07b
		W3	89.67±2.29b	9.66±0.10a	12.77±0.10a
		W4	94.71±1.62a	9.85±0.07a	13.05±0.22a
		W5	52.00±1.73e	6.75±0.06d	10.47±0.17c
		W6	44.77±1.07f	6.45±0.09e	9.81±0.10d
	WYD4	W1	54.47±2.34d	6.54±0.19d	9.78±0.51c
		W2	60.67±1.55c	7.07±0.13c	10.31±0.19b
		W3	79.80±0.72b	8.66±0.02b	11.52±0.07a
		W4	84.93±0.76a	9.01±0.15a	11.85±0.20a
		W5	49.63±0.55e	6.45±0.08d	9.28±0.23d
		W6	43.63±0.81f	6.16±0.17e	8.87±0.08d

不同灌溉量对东北地区水稻抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Volumes on Lodging Resistance Characteristics and Yield of Rice in Northeast China

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