赤霉素调控‘蜜汁’葡萄穗轴硬化关键基因的挖掘

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】赤霉素处理通常会导致葡萄穗轴硬度增加，研究穗轴形态变化、转录组成分差异和相关功能基因表达，明确影响葡萄穗轴硬化的关键调控因子，为生产上葡萄穗轴软化技术措施的实施提供理论依据。【方法】以‘蜜汁’葡萄为试材，于花期进行赤霉素处理，以清水处理为对照，采集处理后15 d的穗轴中段，进行形态观察和转录组学分析，筛选木质素合成相关差异表达基因（DEGs），并进行qRT-PCR表达验证，测定其对应的酶活性和木质素含量，将表型指标、关键差异基因、相关酶活性和木质素含量进行相关性分析，最终确定穗轴硬化的关键基因。【结果】处理后穗轴木质部与形成层之间无“空隙结构”，表皮、韧皮部和髓部出现较为密集的纤维素结构；差异表达基因（DEGs）共有4 459个，其中26个DEGs参与苯丙烷生物合成（木质素合成的重要通路）；筛选出4个木质素合成关键差异表达基因F6HNF5（Vitvi13g00622）、D7SYR4（Vitvi01g00658）、F6H218（Vitvi19g00186）和F6GS10（Vitvi17g00898）的qRT-PCR表达情况与转录组测定结果趋势一致，其所调控的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）活性显著上升，木质素含量显著增加，说明筛选的4个木质素合成基因是引起穗轴硬化的关键基因。【结论】赤霉素处理引起穗轴形态结构发生明显变化，F6HNF5、D7SYR4、F6H218和F6GS10是影响‘蜜汁’葡萄穗轴硬化的关键基因。

关键词: 葡萄, 赤霉素处理, 穗轴硬化, 转录组, 差异表达基因

Abstract:

【Objective】Gibberellins treatment usually leads to an increase in the grape rachis hardening. Under the treatment of gibberellic acid, study the morphological and transcriptomic differences, screen gibberellic acid related functional genes, would help develop grape rachis softening measures in production. 【Method】The Honey grape was treated with gibberellic acid at the flowering stage, and the water treatment was used as the control. The middle part of the rachis was collected for morphological observation and transcriptomic analysis on the 15th day after treatment. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lignin synthesis were screened between the control and gibberellic acid treatment, and real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-qPCR was used to verify their expression levels. In order to identify the key genes involved in rachis hardening, a correlation analysis was conducted between phenotypic traits, key differentially expressed genes, related enzyme activities, and lignin content. 【Result】After gibberellic acid treatment, no visible "intercellular space" was observed between the xylem and the cambium. Cellulose structures were observed in the epidermis, phloem, and pith. A total of 4459 DEGs were identified, among which 26 were involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway-a key route for lignin formation. Four key differentially expressed genes (F6HNF5 (Vitvi13g00622), D7SYR4 (Vitvi01g00658), F6H218 (Vitvi19g00186), and F6GS10 (Vitvi17g00898)) were screened from the pathway. Their qRT-PCR expression patterns were consistent with the trends in the transcriptomic analysis. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (CAD) which are regulated by these genes increased significantly and lignin content increased substantially. These results indicate that the four lignin synthesis genes screened are pivotal in the process of rachis hardening. 【Conclusion】Gibberellic acid treatment caused significant changes in the morphological structure of grape rachis. F6HNF5, D7SYR4, F6H218 and F6GS10 may be the key genes affecting rachis hardening of 'Honey' grape.

Key words: grapes, gibberellic acid treatment, rachis hardening, transcriptome, differentially expressed genes

王思琪, 邹利人, 白瑞雯, 闫可, 王思洋, 齐晓光, 申海林, 温景辉. 赤霉素调控‘蜜汁’葡萄穗轴硬化关键基因的挖掘[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(1): 179-189.

WANG SiQi, ZOU LiRen, BAI RuiWen, YAN Ke, WANG SiYang, QI XiaoGuang, SHEN HaiLin, WEN JingHui. Screening of Key Genes Related to Gibberellic Acid Regulation of Rachis Hardening in Honey Grapes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 179-189.

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Ensemble名称 Ensemble name	基因 Gene	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	目的片段大小 Target fragment size (bp)
Vitvi01g00658	D7STR4	F:ATGTTGTTGCACTGGCAGATG R:CTTTGGATGAAATGACCTTGCCC	229
Vitvi19g00186	F6H218	F:GCTGAGAACGGGCCTGATAC R:GAGGAAGACCCGAAGTTGGG	226
Vitvi13g00622	F6HNF5	F:CTGGATGAGGTGAAGCGGATG R:GCACCGAAACCTGTGGTCAC	227
Vitvi17g00898	F6GSI0	F:CGTCTTGCTGCATTGGAGATGATTC R:GCAGGTTTGAGCCCTTGTCATG	258
	UBQ-1	F:AGTAGATGACTGGATTGGAGGT R:TGGTGGTATTATTGAGCCATCCTT	80

样品 Type	长度 Length (cm)	粗度 Width (cm)	硬度 Hardening (N)
对照CK	2.91±0.22b	0.43±0.03b	11.54±0.86b
处理S1	4.23±0.70a	0.62±0.10a	31.60±0.65a

指标 Indicators	F6HNF5	D7SYR4	F6H218	F6GS10	苯丙氨酸解氨酶 PAL	肉桂醇脱氢酶 CAD	木质素 Lignin	穗轴硬度 Rhachis hardening
F6HNF5	1
D7SYR4	0.960**	1
F6H218	0.906*	0.773	1
F6GS10	0.981**	0.975**	0.859*	1
苯丙氨酸解氨酶 PAL	0.975**	0.913*	0.942**	0.973**	1
肉桂醇脱氢酶 CAD	0.964**	0.874*	0.899*	0.931**	0.942**	1
木质素 Lignin	0.940**	0.941**	0.764	0.899*	0.867*	0.872*	1
穗轴硬度 Rhachis hardening	0.978**	0.967**	0.831*	0.977**	0.931**	0.953**	0.907*	1