基于13C脉冲标记揭示施氮对牧草光合碳分配的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (21): 4346-4356.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于¹³C脉冲标记揭示施氮对牧草光合碳分配的影响

徐修远¹(), 张洪志¹, 徐丽君¹(), 薛玮¹^,², 聂莹莹¹, 郭明英³, 李金霞⁴, 赵雅茹⁵, 史明江⁶

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100081
² 云南省西双版纳傣族自治州气象科技服务中心，云南西双版纳 666100
³ 呼伦贝尔市林业和草原科学研究所，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021000
⁴ 呼伦贝尔农垦集团有限公司，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021000
⁵ 内蒙古正时生态农业（集团）有限公司，呼和浩特 010000
⁶ 呼伦贝尔农垦集团特泥河农牧场有限公司，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 022250

收稿日期:2024-11-11 接受日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2025-11-01 发布日期:2025-11-06
通信作者:
徐丽君，E-mail：xulijun@caas.cn
联系方式: 徐修远，E-mail：82101235072@caas.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(22378422); 中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(G2023-01-32); 国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthetic Carbon Allocation in Pasture Based on ¹³C Pulse-Labeling Experiments

XU XiuYuan¹(), ZHANG HongZhi¹, XU LiJun¹(), XUE Wei¹^,², NIE YingYing¹, GUO MingYing³, LI JinXia⁴, ZHAO YaRu⁵, SHI MingJiang⁶

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Hulunbuir Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100081
² Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province Meteorological Science and Technology Service Center, Xishuangbanna 666100, Yunnan
³ Hulunbeir Forestry and Grassland Science Research Institute, Hulunbeir 021000, Inner Mongolia
⁴ Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Farm Co., Ltd, Hulunbuir 021000, Inner Mongolia
⁵ Inner Mongolia Zhengshi Ecological Agriculture (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000
⁶ Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group Tenihe Farm Co., Ltd, Hulunbuir 022250, Inner Mongolia

Received:2024-11-11 Accepted:2024-12-17 Published:2025-11-01 Online:2025-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究施氮对苜蓿和燕麦的生物量、¹³C丰度和¹³C固定量的影响，揭示植物-土壤系统碳分配规律，探究提升土壤碳固存和改善土壤质量的有效方法，为北方农牧交错带土地利用与生态环境治理提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用¹³C脉冲标记法，以苜蓿和燕麦为研究对象，设置施加氮肥（75 kg·hm^-2）和对照（不施氮）处理。通过对苜蓿和燕麦地上、地下生物量以及不同器官¹³C丰度分析，研究施氮对作物光合碳分配的影响。【结果】与不施氮相比，施氮提升燕麦土壤有机碳含量，对苜蓿土壤有机碳含量无明显影响；施氮处理显著提高苜蓿茎叶和根系生物量，分别增加117.5%和97.8%。燕麦对氮肥响应较小，地上和地下生物量分别增加19.1%和9.6%；施氮处理显著提高苜蓿植株整体¹³C丰度，提高效果优于燕麦，两者分别提高54.36‰和28.6‰；施氮处理提升了¹³C在苜蓿根系中的分配比例，从5.0%提升至11.5%，而在燕麦-土壤系统中，施氮对¹³C在茎叶、根系和根际土壤中分配比例影响不显著，根系¹³C的分配比例由46.1%增至47.1%。【结论】施氮均可提升苜蓿与燕麦土壤有机碳含量，对苜蓿生物量有促进作用，对燕麦生物量影响不显著；施氮能有效提高苜蓿植株¹³C固定量，并提升¹³C在苜蓿根系中分配比例，促进光合碳向地下部分转移，但施氮对燕麦¹³C固定量及¹³C 在燕麦各组分中分配比例影响不显著。

关键词: ¹³C脉冲标记, 施氮, 苜蓿, 燕麦, 光合碳分配

Abstract:

【Objective】Field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the biomass yields of alfalfa and oat by measuring the plant’s ¹³C fixation and the ¹³C abundance in different plant organs, aiming to shed light on the transport and distribution of photosynthetic carbon in the plant-soil system and to explore effective means of soil carbon sequestration and soil quality improvement. 【Method】The ¹³C pulse labeling method was adopted in the field experiment. Two treatments were incorporated for alfalfa and oat crops, including nitrogen fertilization at 75 kg·hm^-2 in addition to a control experiment (no nitrogen). Plant aboveground and belowground biomass were measured. ¹³C abundances in different plant organs were also measured. 【Result】Nitrogen fertilization increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content in oat plots, while no significant SOC effects were observed in alfalfa plots. However, nitrogen fertilization increased the leaf, stem, and root biomass in alfalfa by 117.5% for leaf and stem and 97.8% for roots. The biomass increases in oat under nitrogen fertilization were smaller than that in alfalfa. The aboveground and belowground biomass under nitrogen fertilization in oat was increased by 19.1% and 9.6%, respectively, compared with the control experiment. Moreover, nitrogen fertilization also increased ¹³C abundance in alfalfa and oat by 54.36‰ and 28.6‰, respectively. Additionally, more carbon was allocated to roots in alfalfa under nitrogen fertilization than the control experiment (11.5% versus 5%). No significant differences in carbon allocation were observed in oat, despite slight increases in root carbon allocation in oat. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen fertilization increased soil organic carbon content of alfalfa and oat, increased alfalfa biomass yield, and stimulated carbon allocation to roots in alfalfa. Nevertheless, nitrogen fertilization showed no significant effects on both carbon fixation and allocation in oat.

Key words: ¹³C pulse labeling, nitrogen fertilizer, alfalfa, oat, carbon allocation

徐修远, 张洪志, 徐丽君, 薛玮, 聂莹莹, 郭明英, 李金霞, 赵雅茹, 史明江. 基于¹³C脉冲标记揭示施氮对牧草光合碳分配的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(21): 4346-4356.

XU XiuYuan, ZHANG HongZhi, XU LiJun, XUE Wei, NIE YingYing, GUO MingYing, LI JinXia, ZHAO YaRu, SHI MingJiang. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthetic Carbon Allocation in Pasture Based on ¹³C Pulse-Labeling Experiments[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(21): 4346-4356.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	土壤有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	pH	黏粒 Clay (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	砂粒 Sand (%)
0-10	A1	19.90±1.33Ba	7.40±0.27Aa	5.13±0.26Aa	47.23±2.29Aa	47.64±2.55Aa
	A2	19.95±1.35Ba	7.67±0.47Aa	4.88±0.32Aa	46.99±0.68Aa	48.15±1.00Aa
	B1	25.68±0.46Aa	6.95±0.09Ab	5.34±0.06Aa	45.90±1.11Ab	48.77±1.05Aab
	B2	25.45±0.23Aa	7.17±0.12Aa	4.84±0.07Aa	50.08±2.03Aa	45.09±1.95Aa
10-20	A1	19.28±0.92Ba	7.55±0.56Aa	4.33±0.32Aa	44.90±2.75Aa	50.78±3.06Aa
	A2	20.83±2.23Ba	7.84±0.82Aa	4.84±0.31Aa	47.17±3.99Aa	47.99±4.31Aa
	B1	28.13±0.53ABa	8.08±0.09Aa	5.21±0.13Aa	53.90±0.71Aa	40.89±0.58Aa
	B2	23.86±0.24Ab	7.44±0.68Aa	4.75±0.21Aa	51.63±0.93Aa	43.63±1.14Aa
20-30	A1	16.95±2.22Aa	7.36±0.28Aa	4.47±0.36Aa	44.82±0.42Aa	50.71±0.78Aa
	A2	17.41±0.50Aa	7.66±0.64Aa	4.88±0.36Aa	42.82±0.33Aa	52.31±0.03Aa
	B1	20.31±4.74Aa	7.00±0.95Ab	3.59±0.57Ab	43.10±2.57Ab	53.31±3.14Ab
	B2	19.93±0.46Ac	7.19±0.05Aa	4.68±0.68Aa	43.90±5.75Aa	51.42±6.43Aa

基于¹³C脉冲标记揭示施氮对牧草光合碳分配的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthetic Carbon Allocation in Pasture Based on ¹³C Pulse-Labeling Experiments

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