中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2645-2662.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.012

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

多组学联合解析红色玫瑰香型葡萄品种转色过程中单萜和花色苷积累规律

王慧玲1(), 张莹莹1, 闫爱玲2, 王晓玥3, 刘振华1, 任建成1, 徐海英1(), 孙磊1()   

  1. 1 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京 100093
    2 北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心,北京 100093
    3 农业农村部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04 接受日期:2025-04-21 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 通信作者:
    徐海英,E-mail:
    孙磊,Tel:010-82592156;E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 王慧玲,E-mail:wanghui198216@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设科技攻关项目(KICX20251002); 国家自然科学基金(32472677); 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所青年科学基金(LGSJJ202303); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29)

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Changes of Monoterpenes and Anthocyanins Accumulation During Veraison in Red Muscat-Type Grape

WANG HuiLing1(), ZHANG YingYing1, YAN AiLing2, WANG XiaoYue3, LIU ZhenHua1, REN JianCheng1, XU HaiYing1(), SUN Lei1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093
    2 Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093
    3 Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2025-03-04 Accepted:2025-04-21 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要:

【目的】 分别从代谢和转录水平解析葡萄果实转色过程中单萜和花色苷积累规律,探讨花色苷和单萜时空合成机制,为鲜食葡萄果实单萜化合物和花色苷合成调控提供理论依据。【方法】 以‘瑞都红玉’葡萄果实为试材,于转色前5 d开始取样,直至转色40 d后结束。采用常规方法测定果实样品可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量;利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱与质谱联用技术(HS-SPEME-GC-MS)测定果实中单萜类组分和含量的变化;用分光光度计法测定葡萄果实总类黄酮、总花色苷的含量;同时,采用转录组测序和实时荧光定量PCR技术分析花色苷以及单萜化合物合成途径中关键基因的表达变化。【结果】 随着葡萄果实转色过程的推进,‘瑞都红玉’果实中25种游离态和结合态单萜化合物主成分存在波动。大部分游离态单萜在转色20 d开始大量合成,至转色35—40 d达到最高水平。结合态单萜含量在转色30 d达到最高水平。结合态单萜含量高于游离态。而类黄酮在果实转色前已经大量合成积累;花色苷的合成伴随着果实转色启动,到转色20 d含量达到最高水平,随后略有下降。转录组测序共鉴定差异表达基因5 836个,不同发育时期间的差异表达基因数量不同,差异表达基因在苯丙氨酸合成、类黄酮合成和单萜合成等通路富集。其中,与单萜合成途径相关的差异表达基因14个,与花色苷合成途径相关的差异表达基因11个,这些基因表达模式分别与单萜和花色苷合成积累相一致。进一步相关性分析,筛选到24个转录因子与多个单萜和花色苷合成途径基因表达显著相关。【结论】 红色玫瑰香型葡萄果实花色苷的合成启动早于香气化合物单萜的合成,两类化合物合成存在时空上的调控过程。单萜和花色苷积累与其合成途径中多个关键酶基因表达具有紧密相关性,它们的合成受各个基因转录水平的调控。

关键词: 葡萄, 单萜, 花色苷, 果实发育, 转录调控

Abstract:

【Objective】 The accumulation of anthocyanins and monoterpenes during grape berry color change at both metabolic and transcriptional levels were analyzed, to explore the spatio-temporal synthesis mechanisms of anthocyanins and monoterpenes, and provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of anthocyanin and monoterpene synthesis in table grape. 【Method】 The grape berries of Ruiduhongyu were used as materials, sampling was started at 5 days before the veraison and continued until 40 days after the initial color change. The contents of total soluble solids and titratable acid in the berry samples were determined by conventional methods; The changes in monoterpene components and content in berries were determined with headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPEME-GC-MS); The content of total flavonoids and total anthocyanins were detected using a spectrophotometer; The expression changes of key genes involved in monoterpenes and anthocyanins synthesis were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Result】 With the advancement of the coloration process, the main components of 25 free and bound monoterpenes in the Ruiduhongyu berries fluctuated. Most of the free monoterpenes began to be synthesized in large quantities from the 20th day of coloration and reached the highest level at the 35-40 th day of coloration. The content of bound monoterpenes reached the highest level at 30 days after coloration. The content of bound monoterpenes was higher than that of free monoterpenes. Flavonoids were synthesized and accumulated in large quantities before the fruit coloration; the synthesis of anthocyanins was initiated along with the fruit coloration and reached the highest level at 20 days after coloration, followed by a slight decrease. Based on transcriptome sequencing, a total of 5 836 differentially expressed genes were identified, and the number of differentially expressed genes varied significantly among different developmental stages. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in the pathways of phenylalanine synthesis, flavonoid synthesis, and monoterpene synthesis. Among them, 14 differentially expressed genes were related to the monoterpene synthesis pathway, and 11 were related to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. The expression patterns of these genes were consistent with the accumulation of monoterpenes and anthocyanins. Further correlation analysis screened out 24 transcription factors that were significantly correlated with the expression of multiple genes involved in the monoterpene and anthocyanin synthesis pathways. 【Conclusion】 The synthesis of anthocyanins in red Muscat type grape berries initiates earlier than that of the aroma compound monoterpenes, and the synthesis of the two types of compounds is regulated in a spatio-temporal pattern. The accumulation of monoterpenes and anthocyanins is closely related to the expression of multiple key enzyme genes in their synthesis pathways, and their synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level of various genes.

Key words: grapes, monoterpenes, anthocyanins, fruit development, transcriptional regulation