黑龙江、四川和海南省稻作区水稻穗腐病病原比较分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确中国黑龙江、四川和海南省稻作区水稻穗腐病病原种类及优势致病菌，为水稻穗腐病的精准防控提供参考。【方法】在黑龙江、四川和海南省的13个水稻主要生产区采集水稻穗腐病样品，通过组织分离和单孢分离法，共分离纯化到568个菌株，对各菌株进行形态学鉴定，结合rDNA-ITS序列分析及科赫氏法则验证，明确13个水稻主要生产区穗腐病病原菌种类，分析其优势菌株及致病特征。【结果】黑龙江省水稻穗腐病病原有弯孢菌属、链格孢属和镰孢菌属3类，分别占总病原菌数的1.10%、83.43%和15.47%，链格孢属为该省份的优势菌种。海南省水稻穗腐病病原有弯孢菌属、镰孢菌属、黑孢霉属、毛色二孢属及蠕孢菌属5类，分别占总病原菌数的1.62%、89.47%、0.81%、1.62%和6.48%，镰孢菌属为该省份的优势菌种。四川省水稻穗腐病病原有弯孢菌属、链格孢属、镰孢菌属、黑孢霉属、蠕孢菌属5类，分别占总病原菌数的23.57%、13.47%、22.86%、16.43%和23.57%，无优势菌种。根据分生孢子及菌落形态差异筛选出具有代表性的23个菌株，结合rDNA-ITS序列分析及科赫氏法则验证，明确了水稻穗腐病的致病菌有弯孢菌属的新月弯孢（Curvularia lunata），链格孢属的细交链格孢（Alternaria tenuissima）、链格孢（A. alternata）、芸薹链格孢（A. brassicae），镰孢菌属的拟轮枝镰孢（Fusarium verticillioides）、新知镰孢（F. andiyazi）、木贼镰孢（F. equiseti）、变红镰孢（F. incarnatum）、厚垣镰孢（F. chlamydosporum），黑孢霉属的稻黑孢（Nigrospora oryzae）、球黑孢霉（N. sphaerica），毛色二孢属的可可毛色二孢（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）及蠕孢菌属的嘴突凸脐蠕孢（Exserohilum rostratum）。分别于孕穗期和抽穗扬花期接种穗腐病致病菌，发现无论是粳稻还是籼稻品种，海南省致病菌在水稻抽穗扬花期接种后平均病情指数均高于孕穗期接种的平均病情指数；黑龙江和四川省的致病菌在抽穗扬花期接种的平均病情指数略低于孕穗期接种的平均病情指数。【结论】中国黑龙江、四川和海南省稻作区水稻穗腐病致病菌具有多样性，黑龙江省以链格孢属为优势菌种，海南省以镰孢菌属为优势菌种，四川省优势菌种不明显。

关键词: 水稻, 穗腐病, 真菌病原, 优势致病菌

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to identify the pathogenic species and dominant pathogens of rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) in Heilongjiang, Sichuan and Hainan provinces of China, and to provide reference for accurate prevention and control of RSRD.【Method】 RSRD samples were collected from 13 major rice production areas in Heilongjiang, Sichuan and Hainan provinces. A total of 568 strains were isolated and purified by tissue separation and single spore separation methods. Morphological identification methods were performed for each strain, combined with rDNA-ITS sequence analysis and Koch’s rule verification and identification of RSRD pathogens in 13 major rice production areas. The dominant strains and pathogenic characteristics were analyzed.【Result】 There were three categories of pathogens of RSRD in Heilongjiang Province, they were Curvularia, Alternaria and Fusarium, and which accounted for 1.10%, 83.43% and 15.47% of the total pathogens, respectively. Alternaria was the dominant strains in Heilongjiang Province. In Hainan Province, there were Curvularia, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Lasiodiplodia and Exserohilum species of RSRD pathogens, which accounted for 1.62%, 89.47%, 0.81%, 1.62% and 6.48% of the total pathogens, respectively, and Fusarium was the dominant strains. There were Curvularia, Alternaria, Fusarium, Nigrospora and Exserohilum species of RSRD pathogens in Sichuan Province, which accounted for 23.57%, 13.47%, 22.86%, 16.43% and 23.57% of the total pathogens, respectively, and no dominant strain. According to the differences of conidia and colony morphology, 23 representative strains were selected, and then rDNA-ITS sequence analysis and Koch’s rule verification were combined. The pathogens of RSRD were identified as C. lunata of the genus Curvularia; A. tenuissima, A. alternata, A. brassicae of the genus Alternaria; F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi, F. equiseti, F. incarnatu, F. chlamydosporum of the genus Fusarium; N. oryzae, N. sphaerica of the genus Nigrospora; L. theobromae of the genus Lasiodiplodia and E. rostratum of the genus Exserohilum. The pathogens of RSRD were inoculated both at booting stage and heading and flowering stage, respectively. It was found that whether japonica or indica rice, the average disease index of pathogen of heading and flowering stage inoculation was higher than that of inoculation at booting stage in Hainan Province; while the pathogens’ average disease index of heading and flowering stage inoculation in Heilongjiang and Sichuan provinces was slightly lower than that at booting stage inoculation.【Conclusion】 The pathogens of spikelet rot disease in Heilongjiang, Sichuan and Hainan provinces of China were diverse. The dominant strain was Alternaria in Heilongjiang Province and Fusarium in Hainan Province. The dominant strain was not obvious in Sichuan Province.

Key words: rice, spikelet rot disease, fungal pathogen, dominant pathogen

张亚玲, 付忠举, 李雪, 孙宇佳, 赵羽涵, 顾欣怡, 王艳霞, 靳学慧, 吴伟怀, 华丽霞. 黑龙江、四川和海南省稻作区水稻穗腐病病原比较分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(2): 278-294.

ZHANG YaLing, FU ZhongJu, LI Xue, SUN YuJia, ZHAO YuHan, GU XinYi, WANG YanXia, JIN XueHui, WU WeiHuai, HUA LiXia. Comparative Analysis of Pathogens of Rice Spikelet Rot Disease in Heilongjiang, Sichuan and Hainan Provinces[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(2): 278-294.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I2/278

图/表 16

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表2

粳稻与籼稻接种水稻穗腐病分离菌株的发病程度调查"

省份 Province	菌株 Strain	粳稻 Japonica rice				籼稻 Indica rice
		孕穗期 Booting stage		抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering stage		孕穗期 Booting stage		抽穗扬花期 Heading and flowering stage
		病穗率 Disease spike rate (%)	病情指数 DI	病穗率 Disease spike rate (%)	病情指数 DI	病穗率 Disease spike rate (%)	病情指数 DI	病穗率 Disease spike rate (%)	病情指数 DI
黑龙江Heilongjiang	A-HLJ1	82.61	84.44	75.68	88.89	72.97	95.56	80.00	90.12
	B-HLJ2	76.07	94.44	81.08	95.56	75.00	77.78	55.56	75.00
	B-HLJ3	63.64	73.33	75.00	74.07	42.86	74.60	72.00	65.43
	B-HLJ4	77.14	84.44	51.35	57.78	56.41	64.44	49.95	57.78
	B-HLJ5	64.52	71.11	38.30	53.33	76.19	74.07	94.74	68.25
	B-HLJ6	64.81	93.33	61.76	75.56	79.41	77.78	73.08	75.56
	B-HLJ7	44.44	55.78	39.47	53.33	66.67	64.44	83.33	65.08
	B-HLJ8	54.05	64.44	66.67	57.78	61.11	66.67	61.29	57.78
	B-HLJ9	41.67	75.56	64.29	55.66	48.15	94.44	77.78	71.43
	C-HLJ10	69.77	82.22	93.55	95.56	58.06	74.07	63.64	87.78
	C-HLJ11	73.91	88.89	80.65	91.11	65.38	84.13	61.29	96.30
	平均数Average		78.91		72.60		77.09		73.68
海南 Hainan	A-HN1	76.47	97.22	76.47	100.00	51.35	94.44	55.56	88.89
	B-HN2	70.00	51.85	59.09	100.00	76.47	77.78	78.57	100.00
	B-HN3	64.29	69.44	65.38	100.00	63.64	71.43	68.42	100.00
	C-HN4	37.50	40.74	78.26	60.00	40.91	40.74	57.69	58.73
	D-HN5	42.86	55.56	34.38	59.26	36.36	38.89	66.67	55.56
	E-HN6	72.00	66.67	84.85	75.00	61.90	61.11	61.54	77.78
	平均数Average		63.58		82.38		64.07		80.16
四川 Sichuan	A-SC1	86.96	88.89	86.36	66.67	84.00	94.44	83.87	88.89
	B-SC2	62.16	80.95	68.42	73.33	61.76	86.67	60.53	74.60
	C-SC3	64.29	88.89	58.62	72.22	78.38	88.89	69.70	77.78
	C-SC4	59.26	91.11	68.00	85.19	58.62	82.22	64.29	73.33
	D-SC5	68.18	77.78	66.67	62.96	65.52	64.44	65.38	55.56
	E-SC6	70.00	61.90	75.00	65.08	67.75	77.78	78.13	66.67
	平均数Average		81.59		70.91		82.41		72.81

表2

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级别 Rating	发病情况 Incidence
0	无病Disease free
1	感病稻粒数少于5个（感病粒数占总粒数的6%以下） The number of infected rice grains is less than 5 (The number of infected rice grains is less than 6% of the total number of rice grains)
3	感病稻粒数6—10个（感病粒数占总粒数的7%—13%） The number of infected rice grains is 6-10 (The number of infected grains accounts for 7%-13% of the total number of grains)
5	感病稻粒数11—30个（感病粒数占总粒数的14%—38%） The number of infected rice grains is 11—30 (The number of infected grains accounts for 14%-38% of the total number of rice grains)
7	感病稻粒数31—50个（感病粒数占总粒数的39%—63%） The number of infected rice grains is 31—50 (The number of infected grains accounts for 39%-63% of the total number of grains)
9	感病稻粒数51个以上（感病粒数占总粒数的64%以上） The number of infected rice grains is more than 51 (The number of infected grains is more than 64% of the total number of rice grains)