农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (13): 2583-2598.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.007

农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为

张建桃¹^,²^,³(), 黄路生¹^,³, 刘广彬¹^,³, 兰玉彬³, 文晟³^,⁴()

¹ 华南农业大学数学与信息学院，广州 510642
² 农业农村部华南热带智慧农业技术重点实验室，广州 510642
³ 国家精准农业航空施药技术国际联合研究中心，广州 510642
⁴ 华南农业大学工程学院，广州 510642

收稿日期:2023-12-29 接受日期:2024-02-22 出版日期:2024-07-09 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者:
文晟，E-mail：vincen@scau.edu.cn
联系方式: 张建桃，E-mail：zhangjiantao@yeah.net。
基金资助:
广州市科技计划项目重点研发计划(2023B03J1362); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271985); 广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2019KZDZX1002); 广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515011008); 高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18019)

The Dynamic Wetting and Spreading Behavior of Pesticide Droplet on Rice Leaf Surface

ZHANG JianTao¹^,²^,³(), HUANG LuSheng¹^,³, LIU GuangBin¹^,³, LAN YuBin³, WEN Sheng³^,⁴()

¹ College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
² Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology in Tropical South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642
³ National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou 510642
⁴ College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642

Received:2023-12-29 Accepted:2024-02-22 Published:2024-07-09 Online:2024-07-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究表面张力、液滴粒径和叶片倾角对农药液滴在水稻叶片近轴面、远轴面动态润湿铺展行为的影响，为通过调控农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为实现水稻施药的“减施增效”提供依据。【方法】通过调节Silwet-408的浓度配制出表面张力为21.4、33.2、43.7 mN·m^-1的Silwet-408溶液代替农药药液，利用液滴发生器生成532、627、746、830、957 μm的单液滴，对其在倾角为40°、65°、85°水稻叶片近轴面、远轴面的动态润湿铺展行为进行全因子试验。【结果】表面张力、液滴粒径、叶片倾角均显著影响(P<0.05)水稻叶面的液滴接触角变化率，且近轴面、远轴面所受影响的整体趋势基本相同，增大叶片倾角或减小液滴粒径或降低表面张力均能增大接触角变化率，促进液滴润湿铺展。其中，以降低表面张力的效果最显著，当表面张力从33.2 mN·m^-1降至与水稻叶面临界表面张力接近的21.4 mN·m^-1时，叶片近轴面的接触角(前进角和后退角)变化率分别增大7.49、6.22倍，远轴面的分别增大11.13、7.61倍，液滴的润湿性在75 s内从较差或差(80°≤接触角<100°或接触角≥100°)转变成中等或好(60°≤接触角<80°或接触角<60°)；当表面张力比水稻叶面临界表面张力大得多时，接触角变化率随叶片倾角的增大而增大，随液滴粒径的减小而增大，但叶片倾角的影响小于液滴粒径的影响，经过75 s后，几乎所有粒径的液滴仍保持较差或差的润湿性(80°≤接触角<100°或接触角≥100°)。液滴润湿滞后现象分析表明，水稻叶面的粗糙度相对较小，液滴润湿滞后现象并不严重。表面张力与水稻叶面临界表面张力接近的液滴在固-液-气三相体系动态表面张力的驱使下在叶面润湿铺展，接触角随时间的动态变化可使用模型θ=θ_e+Aexp(-Kt)进行拟合；表面张力比水稻叶面临界表面张力大得多的液滴虽能稳定地黏附在叶面上，没有出现滚落现象，但始终未突破叶面的钉扎效应和滞留阻力，无法实现润湿铺展。【结论】表面张力、液滴粒径、叶片倾角3个因素均显著影响农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为，在实际施药场景中，由于叶片倾角无法人为调节，因此可根据施药的目的调节药液的表面张力和液滴粒径进而调控液滴的动态润湿铺展行为。研究结果有助于理解农药液滴在水稻叶面动态润湿铺展的机理，并可为水稻施药场景中合理选择药液表面张力、液滴粒径提供理论支持与指导。

关键词: 农药液滴, 水稻叶面, 动态润湿铺展, 接触角, 润湿滞后, 表面张力

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of surface tension, droplet size, and leaf angle on the dynamic wetting and spreading behavior of pesticide droplets on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of rice leaf, and to provide a basis for realizing the “reduce application and increase efficiency” of rice spraying by regulating the dynamic wetting and spreading behavior of pesticide droplets on the rice leaf surface.【Method】 A full factorial experiment was designed to investigate the dynamic wetting and spreading behavior of single droplet on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of rice leaf in this study. The Silwet-408 solutions with surface tension of 21.4, 33.2, and 43.7 mN·m^-1 were formulated by adjusting the concentration of Silwet-408 to replace the pesticide solutions. A droplet generator was used to produce the single droplets of 532, 627, 746, 830, and 957 μm. The leaf angles were set as 40°, 65°, and 85°.【Result】 There were significant effects of surface tension, droplet size, and leaf angle on the rate of change of droplet contact angle on the rice leaf surface (P<0.05), and the overall trend of the influences on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces was basically the same; increasing leaf angle or reducing droplet size or lowering surface tension could increase the rate of change of contact angle and promote the wetting and spreading of droplet. Among them, the effect of lowering surface tension was the most significant. When the surface tension was decreased from 33.2 to 21.4 mN·m^-1, which was close to the critical surface tension of rice leaf surface, the rate of change of the contact angle (advancing contact angle and receding contact angle) increased by 7.49 and 6.22 times for the adaxial surface, and 11.13 and 7.61 times for the abaxial surface, and the wettability of the droplets was changed from relatively poor or poor (80°≤contact angle<100° or contact angle≥100°) to medium or positive (60°≤contact angle<80° or contact angle<60°) within 75 s; when the surface tension was much larger than the critical surface tension of rice leaf surface, the rate of change of contact angle increased with the increase of leaf angle, and increased with the decrease of droplet size, but the effect of leaf angle was less than that of droplet size, and droplets of almost all particle sizes still maintained relatively poor or poor wettability (80°≤contact angle<100° or contact angle≥100°) after 75 s. In addition, the analysis of droplet wetting hysteresis phenomenon showed that the roughness of the rice leaf surface was relatively small, and the droplet wetting hysteresis phenomenon was not serious. The droplet with surface tension close to the critical surface tension of rice leaf was driven by the dynamic surface tension of the solid-liquid-gas three-phase system to wet and spread on the leaf surface, and the dynamic change of the contact angle with time could be fitted by the model θ=θ_e+Aexp(-Kt); although the droplet with a surface tension much higher than the critical surface tension of rice leaf could steadily adhere to the leaf surface without the phenomenon of roll-off, it was never able to break through the pinning effect and retention resistance of the leaf surface, and could not achieve wetting and spreading.【Conclusion】 All three factors, surface tension, droplet size, and leaf angle, significantly affect the dynamic wetting and spreading behavior of pesticide droplets on the rice leaf surface. In the actual application scenarios, since the leaf angle cannot be adjusted artificially, the surface tension and droplet size of the pesticide solution can be adjusted according to the purpose of the application to regulate the dynamic wetting and spreading behavior of the droplet. The results of this study are helpful to understand the mechanism of dynamic wetting and spreading of pesticide droplet on the rice leaf surface, and can provide theoretical support and guidance for the rational selection of surface tension and droplet size in rice pesticide application scenarios.

Key words: pesticide droplet, rice leaf surface, dynamic wetting and spreading, contact angle, wetting hysteresis, surface tension

张建桃, 黄路生, 刘广彬, 兰玉彬, 文晟. 农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(13): 2583-2598.

ZHANG JianTao, HUANG LuSheng, LIU GuangBin, LAN YuBin, WEN Sheng. The Dynamic Wetting and Spreading Behavior of Pesticide Droplet on Rice Leaf Surface[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2583-2598.

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浓度 Concentration (mg·mL^-1)	表面张力 Surface tension (mN·m^-1)	接触角（近轴面） Contact angle (the adaxial surface) (°	接触角（远轴面） Contact angle (the abaxial surface) (°
0	72.8±0.07	132.0±0.51	118.4±0.90
0.002	43.7±0.10	127.4±0.19	115.7±0.68
0.01	33.2±0.10	108.5±0.68	83.6±0.88
0.1	21.4±0.03	24.1±1.24	20.9±1.90

	变异来源 Source of variability	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	效应量 Effect size
水稻叶片近轴面θ_a θ_a on the adaxial surface of rice leaf	修正模型Correction model	11.178	44	0.254	142.562	<0.001	0.986
	A	0.097	4	0.024	13.610	<0.001	0.377
	B	10.637	2	5.318	2984.524	<0.001	0.985
	C	0.054	2	0.027	15.061	<0.001	0.251
	A×B	0.039	8	0.005	2.757	0.009	0.197
	A×C	0.041	8	0.005	2.863	0.007	0.203
	B×C	0.162	4	0.041	22.766	<0.001	0.503
	A×B×C	0.148	16	0.009	5.194	<0.001	0.480
水稻叶片近轴面θ_r θ_r on the adaxial surface of rice leaf	修正模型Correction model	10.266	44	0.233	198.958	<0.001	0.990
	A	0.114	4	0.029	24.385	<0.001	0.520
	B	9.739	2	4.869	4152.493	<0.001	0.989
	C	0.011	2	0.005	4.512	0.014	0.091
	A×B	0.062	8	0.008	6.648	<0.001	0.371
	A×C	0.069	8	0.009	7.338	<0.001	0.395
	B×C	0.061	4	0.015	13.070	<0.001	0.367
	A×B×C	0.209	16	0.013	11.152	<0.001	0.665
水稻叶片远轴面θ_a θ_a on the abaxial surface of rice leaf	修正模型Correction model	12.127	44	0.276	182.035	<0.001	0.989
	A	0.051	4	0.013	8.503	<0.001	0.274
	B	11.661	2	5.831	3850.864	<0.001	0.988
	C	0.063	2	0.032	20.901	<0.001	0.317
	A×B	0.075	8	0.009	6.158	<0.001	0.354
	A×C	0.056	8	0.007	4.593	<0.001	0.290
	B×C	0.125	4	0.031	20.680	<0.001	0.479
	A×B×C	0.096	16	0.006	3.954	<0.001	0.413
水稻叶片远轴面θ_r θ_r on the abaxial surface of rice leaf	修正模型Correction model	10.285	44	0.234	189.769	<0.001	0.989
	A	0.054	4	0.013	10.871	<0.001	0.326
	B	10.011	2	5.005	4063.746	<0.001	0.989
	C	0.009	2	0.005	3.777	0.027	0.077
	A×B	0.044	8	0.006	4.488	<0.001	0.285
	A×C	0.052	8	0.006	5.254	<0.001	0.318
	B×C	0.019	4	0.005	3.824	0.006	0.145
	A×B×C	0.096	16	0.006	4.881	<0.001	0.465

	试验因素 Experimental factor		样本量 Sample number	接触角变化率 The rate of change of contact angle (°·s^-1)
	试验因素 Experimental factor		样本量 Sample number	θ_a	θ_r
水稻叶片近轴面 The adaxial surface of rice leaf	液滴粒径 Droplet size (μm)	532	27	0.295a	0.306a
		627	27	0.301a	0.305a
		746	27	0.248b	0.252b
		830	27	0.246b	0.245b
		957	27	0.237b	0.241b
	叶片倾角 Leaf angle (°)	40	45	0.244b	0.263b
		65	45	0.260b	0.264b
		85	45	0.292a	0.282a
	表面张力 Surface tension (mN·m^-1)	21.4	45	0.662a	0.650a
		33.2	45	0.078b	0.090b
		43.7	45	0.056c	0.070c
水稻叶片远轴面 The abaxial surface of rice leaf	液滴粒径 Droplet size (μm)	532	27	0.288a	0.295a
		627	27	0.286a	0.290a
		746	27	0.247b	0.257b
		830	27	0.250b	0.255b
		957	27	0.246b	0.247b
	叶片倾角 Leaf angle (°)	40	45	0.247b	0.261b
		65	45	0.249b	0.265b
		85	45	0.294a	0.280a
	表面张力 Surface tension (mN·m^-1)	21.4	45	0.679a	0.654a
		33.2	45	0.056b	0.076b
		43.7	45	0.055b	0.076b

表面张力/叶片倾角 Surface tension (mN·m^-1)/Leaf angle (°)	液滴粒径Droplet size (μm)
	532	957
21.4/40	θ_a=61.50+38.03exp(-0.036t), R²=0.9931	θ_a=59.47+54.52exp(-0.031t), R²=0.9970
21.4/65	θ_a=53.69+51.56exp(-0.048t), R²=0.9858	θ_a=79.36+44.49exp(-0.063t), R²=0.9981
21.4/85	θ_a=40.25+58.90exp(-0.022t), R²=0.9772	θ_a=80.68+43.88exp(-0.062t), R²=0.9915
33.2/40	θ_a=98.81-0.207t, R²=0.9917	θ_a=118.49-0.043t, R²=0.9987
33.2/65	θ_a=95.13-0.115t, R²=0.9909	θ_a=145.18-0.056t, R²=0.9913
33.2/85	θ_a=104.46-0.084t, R²=0.9857	θ_a=108.58-0.044t, R²=0.9333
43.7/40	θ_a=110.84-0.100t, R²=0.9265	θ_a=131.38-0.040t, R²=0.9963
43.7/65	θ_a=117.17-0.016t, R²=0.7900	θ_a=119.17-0.027t, R²=0.8893
43.7/85	θ_a=107.24-0.132t, R²=0.9912	θ_a=125.43-0.041t, R²=0.7582

农药液滴在水稻叶面的动态润湿铺展行为

The Dynamic Wetting and Spreading Behavior of Pesticide Droplet on Rice Leaf Surface

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