基于表型与遗传分化的羊草在中国草原扩散途径的探讨

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊草是欧亚大陆草原广布种,在中国不同草地类型如在显域性的典型草原和草甸草原,在隐域性的草甸经常形成优势种或单一优势种群落。通过对羊草学名的文献追踪,参考了羊草在赖草属中的系统演化位置及赖草属起源与扩散途径的系列研究成果,在羊草趋异适应系统性研究文献的基础上进行了综合分析和逻辑推论。羊草的模式标本由俄国植物学家BUNGE于1831年采于中国的北京,1833年由德国植物学家定名后曾经有5个属名的历史变更和5个种名,相继参与的植物分类学者多达15人次。在赖草属系统进化的多穗组、少穗组和单穗组中,羊草大多被划分为介于二者之间的较进化少穗组中,其演化层次居少穗组偏下的位置。不同生境羊草叶色普遍具有灰绿型和黄绿型,在相同生境下两种生态型羊草在形态特征、生理特征和分子遗传特征均发生明显分化,灰绿型羊草的遗传多样性高于黄绿型,在东北草原900 km大尺度经度样带从东到西,两种生态型羊草遗传多样性均同呈逐渐减小的趋势。经综合分析推断:在两种羊草生态型中,黄绿型较为原始,灰绿型较为进化;在中国东北草原,内蒙古高原最西部的羊草最原始,东部松嫩平原的羊草较进化。两种羊草生态型在中国东北草原均呈从西向东的扩散过程。文章可为进一步开展羊草的起源与进化研究,以及不同类型羊草草地的形成过程及其群落构建研究提供重要参考。

关键词: 羊草, 赖草属, 生态型, 表型分化, 遗传分化, 进化位置

Abstract:

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. is a Gramineous plant which is widely distributed in Eurasian steppe. It often forms dominant or single dominant species communities in different steppe types in China, such as dominance typical steppe and meadow steppe, or recessive meadow. This paper traces the references on the scientific names of L. chinensis, refers to the research of phylogenetic evolution position of L. chinensis in the genus and the origin and diffusion pathway of Leymus Hochst., and makes a comprehensive analysis and inference according to the systematic literature on the divergence and adaptation of L. chinensis. The type specimens of L. chinensis was collected by Russian botanist A. Bunge in Beijing, China in 1831. After German botanist B. Trinius and A. Bunge named the species to the type specimens in 1833, there were five historical changes of generic names and five species names, and up to 15 plant taxonomists participated successively. In the phylogenetic Sect. Racemosus, Sect. Leymus and Sect. Anisopyrum, L. chinensis was mostly divided into the Sect. Leymus, and its evolutionary level was lower in Sect. Leymus. The leaf color of L. chinensis in different habitats is generally grey-green and yellow-green ecotypes. In the same habitat, the morphological, physiological and molecular genetic characteristics of the two ecotypes are all obviously differentiated. The genetic diversity was higher in gray-green ecotype than in the yellow-green ecotype. The genetic diversity of two ecotypes decreased gradually from east to west in the 900 km longitude transect of northeast grassland. Through comprehensive analysis, it is inferred that between the two ecotypes, the yellow-green ecotype is primitive and the grey-green ecotype is evolutionary. In the grassland of northeast China, L. chinensis is the most primitive in the westernmost in Inner Mongolia plateau, while it is more evolutionary in the eastern Songnen plain. The two ecotypes both extend from west to east in the grassland of northeast China. This paper can provide important reference for further research on the origin and evolution of L. chinensis, the formation process of different types of L. chinensis grassland and their community assembly.

Key words: Leymus chinensis, Leymus Hochst., ecotype, phenotypic differentiation, genetic differentiation, evolutionary position

杨允菲,辛晓平,李建东. 基于表型与遗传分化的羊草在中国草原扩散途径的探讨[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2541-2549.

YANG YunFei,XIN XiaoPing,LI JianDong. A Discussion on the Diffusion Pathway of Leymus Chinensis in the Natural Grassland of China Based on Differentiation in the Phenotypes and Genotypes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2541-2549.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I13/2541

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种源地 Collected region	年份 Year	单生型 Single	对生型 twin	多生型 multiple	合计 Total
松嫩平原南部（长岭种马场） Southern Songnen plain (Changling stud farm)	1982	18.50	29.25	52.25	100
	1983	53.75	42.50	8.75	100
	1984	58.95	33.98	7.08	100
	Mean±SD	43.73±22.01	35.24±6.71	22.69±25.61	100
松辽平原腹地（长春） Songliao plain interland (Changchun)	1982	9.75	24.75	65.50	100
	1983	58.89	35.18	5.93	100
	1984	50.25	36.00	13.75	100
	Mean±SD	39.03±27.26	31.98±6.27	28.39±32.27	100
科尔沁南部（伊胡塔） Southern Kerqin(Ihuta)	1982	8.75	41.75	49.50	100
科尔沁南部（伊胡塔） Southern Kerqin(Ihuta)	1983	27.00	26.00	47.00	100
	1984	8.50	17.25	74.25	100
	Mean±SD	14.75±10.61	28.3±12.41	56.92±15.06	100
科尔沁中部（高林屯种畜场） Central Kerqin (Gaolintun breeding farm)	1982	16.00	32.50	51.50	100
	1983	35.25	52.75	12.00	100
	1984	33.50	38.00	28.50	100
	Mean±SD	28.25±10.64	41.08±10.47	30.67±19.84	100
科尔沁西部（嘎达苏种畜场） Western Kerqin (Gaddasu breeding farm)	1982	16.50	24.50	59.00	100
	1983	74.00	22.75	3.25	100
	1984	58.50	26.00	15.50	100
	Mean±SD	49.67±29.75	24.42±1.63	25.92±29.30	100
呼伦贝尔（海拉尔） Hulunbeier(Hailar)	1982	18.75	18.75	62.50	100
	1983	96.25	2.25	1.50	100
	1984	82.25	16.50	1.25	100
	Mean±SD	65.75±41.30	12.50±8.95	21.75±35.29	100