饲养水平对肉用绵羊空怀期和哺乳期能量代谢平衡的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】繁殖母羊不同生理时期的营养对其生产水平有极大的影响，配种期营养决定了受胎率，妊娠期营养决定了羔羊出生重、成活率和成长潜能，哺乳期营养决定了羔羊的生长率，而断奶后的营养补偿了妊娠期和哺乳前期所消耗的营养储备并为下一繁殖周期做准备。而能量代谢研究则是家畜营养研究的基础，肉羊上的研究也主要集中在幼畜和生长期，对哺乳期的研究甚少，严重制约了中国肉羊产业的健康发展。本试验用日粮饲喂量梯度方法，研究不同饲养水平下，杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交母羊空怀期和哺乳期能量的消化代谢和气体代谢特点。【方法】饲养试验需要控制非试验因素一致或凸显出单一因素，是营养需要量研究中最常用的方法，结合消化代谢和气体代谢试验可系统研究母羊不同生理期的能量代谢平衡。选取15只健康的杜寒杂交母羊做同期发情处理，分娩后根据随机区组设计按体重分为3个处理组（自由采食，80%自由采食和60%自由采食），每个处理5只母羊；另安排同品种同龄未配种母羊为空怀母羊组。在哺乳期20、50和80 d分别进行消化代谢和气体代谢试验。【结果】随着饲养水平的降低，碳（Carbon, C）和能量表观消化率显著升高（P＜0.05）。乳碳随着哺乳期的延长显著降低（P＜0.05）；粪碳和尿碳占食入碳的比例随着饲养水平的下降显著降低（P＜0.05），且在哺乳期显著高于空怀期（P＜0.05）。消化能代谢率随着饲养水平的下降显著上升（P＜0.05），在空怀期和哺乳20、50、80 d时分别为78.55%-82.93%、79.53%-85.89%、79.40%-83.49%、80.99%-85.33%；呼吸熵随饲养水平的下降显著下降（P＜0.01），而不同时期间基本一致，变化范围在0.83-0.96之间。甲烷产生量及其与DMI（kg）、代谢体重（W^0.75）的比值随着饲养水平的下降显著降低（P＜0.05）。【结论】饲养水平显著影响饲粮C和能量表观消化率（P＜0.05）。母羊O₂消耗量、CO₂和CH₄生成量及呼吸熵（RQ）与采食量显著相关（P＜0.05）。哺乳显著的提高了母羊对C和能量的消化利用（P＜0.05）。

关键词: 母羊, 空怀期, 哺乳期, 碳代谢, 能量代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 Nutrition supply in different physiological periods has great impact on reproduction of ewes, which determines the conception rate, birth weight, survival rate and potential growth performance of lambs. The nutrition after weaning compensate for the body reserve which was consumed during pregnancy and lactation, and is necessary for the ewes to prepare for the next reproduction cycle. The energy metabolism is essential in the study of nutrition of mutton sheep, especially during early growth period. The lack of study in related area limited the development of mutton sheep industry in China. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different feeding levels on energy and gas metabolism in Dorper × Thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation periods. 【Method】 Non-experimental factors should be limited in the feeding trial, which is a common method in the research of nutrient requirement. Combined with the digestibility and gas metabolism trials, the energy balance of ewes in different physiological periods could be systemically investigated. Fifteen healthy ewes treated for estrus synchronization were assigned into three feeding levels according to the randomized block design: ad libitum, 80% of ad libitum, and 60% of ad libitum. Another nine non-pregnant ewes of the same age and species were used as a blank group. Digestibility and respirometry trials were conducted on 20, 50 and 80 d of lactation. 【Result】The apparent digestibility of carbon (C) and energy of non-pregnant and lactating ewes increased significantly with decreasing levels of feed intake (P＜0.05). Milk C decreased significantly with increasing lactation periods (P＜0.05). Fecal and urinary C decreased significantly with decreasing feeding levels (P＜0.05), and it was higher in lactation period than in non-pregnant period (P＜0.05). The metabolic rates of digestible energy increased with the decreasing feeding levels (P＜0.05), and were 78.55%-82.93%, 79.53%-85.89%, 79.40%-83.49% and 80.99%-85.33% in the period of non-pregnancy, early, middle and late lactation, respectively. The respiration quotients decreased significantly with the decreasing feeding levels (P＜0.05). However, they were similar between non-pregnancy and lactation periods, ranging from 0.83 to 0.96. The methane (CH₄) production and the ratio of CH₄to DMI (kg) or metabolic weight (W^0.75) decreased significantly with the decreasing feeding levels (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Feed intake significantly influenced the C and energy apparent digestibility of Dorper × Thin-tailed Han ewes during non-pregnency and lactation periods. There were correlations between the O₂, CO₂, CH₄, RQ and feed intake (P＜0.05). Lactation significantly improved the digestion and utilization of C and energy.

Key words: ewes, non-pregnancy, lactation, carbon metabolism, energy metabolism

楼灿，邓凯东，姜成钢，马涛，纪守坤，陈丹丹，张乃锋，屠焰，刁其玉. 饲养水平对肉用绵羊空怀期和哺乳期能量代谢平衡的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(5): 988-997.

LOU Can, DENG Kai-dong, JIANG Cheng-gang, MA Tao, JI Shou-kun, CHEN Dan-dan, ZHANG Nai-feng, TU Yan, DIAO Qi-yu. Effects of Different Feeding Levels on Energy Metabolism Balance of Meat Ewes During Non-Pregnancy and Lactation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 988-997.

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