中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 2349-2359.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.12.004
徐佳星1,封涌涛2,叶玉莲1,张润泽1,胡昌录1,雷同1,张树兰1()
收稿日期:
2019-10-16
出版日期:
2020-06-16
发布日期:
2020-06-25
通讯作者:
张树兰
作者简介:
徐佳星,E-mail:xujiaxing@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
XU JiaXing1,FENG YongTao2,YE YuLian1,ZHANG RunZe1,HU ChangLu1,LEI Tong1,ZHANG ShuLan1()
Received:
2019-10-16
Online:
2020-06-16
Published:
2020-06-25
Contact:
ShuLan ZHANG
摘要:
【目的】综合评价地膜覆盖玉米的产量以及水分利用效应,为黄土高原地区玉米生产合理利用地膜覆盖技术提供指导。【方法】本文在中国知网(CNKI),Web of Science与EI Compondex文献数据库,收集了从2000—2017年间已发表的黄土高原地膜覆盖玉米产量及水分利用文章数据,综合分析了地膜覆盖对玉米产量、水分利用及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】黄土高原半膜覆盖平均产量为9 348 kg·hm-2,较对照产量7 059 kg·hm-2增产33%,全膜覆盖平均产量为9 191 kg·hm-2,较对照产量5 910 kg·hm-2增产56%,半膜覆盖或者全膜覆盖均显著提高了玉米产量,但是全膜覆盖和半膜覆盖之间玉米产量相近,没有显著差异。另外,半膜覆盖海拔高度超过630 m时或全膜覆盖海拔高度超过900 m时,玉米增产率随海拔高度的增加而呈增加的趋势,可能与覆膜提高土壤温度有关。半膜覆盖平均蒸散量为385 mm,较对照蒸散量389 mm减少1.0%,全膜覆盖平均蒸散量为366 mm,较对照蒸散量357 mm增加2.8%,半膜覆盖玉米蒸散量较不覆膜有所减少,但是全膜覆盖显著增加了玉米蒸散量,不过2种覆膜措施的蒸散量之间差异不显著。半膜覆盖平均水分利用效率为17.3 kg·hm-2·mm-1,较对照水分利用效率13.2 kg·hm-2·mm-1增加31%,全膜覆盖平均水分利用效率为17.5 kg·hm-2·mm-1,较对照水分利用效率11.7 kg·hm-2·mm-1增加50%,半膜覆盖与全膜覆盖均显著提高了玉米水分利用效率,但是全膜覆盖和半膜覆盖之间玉米水分利用效率相似,没有显著差异。覆膜显著增加玉米产量及水分利用效率与其降低土壤无效蒸发量(57 mm),提高玉米潜在的蒸腾效率有关(11.2 kg·hm-2·mm-1)。【结论】在区域尺度上半膜覆盖与全膜覆盖对玉米产量、蒸散量及水分利用效率具有等效性,考虑到地膜的环境污染与经济成本等因素,推荐黄土高原玉米栽培选用半膜覆盖。
徐佳星,封涌涛,叶玉莲,张润泽,胡昌录,雷同,张树兰. 地膜覆盖条件下黄土高原玉米产量及水分利用效应分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(12): 2349-2359.
XU JiaXing,FENG YongTao,YE YuLian,ZHANG RunZe,HU ChangLu,LEI Tong,ZHANG ShuLan. Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Yield and Water Use of Maize in the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(12): 2349-2359.
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