树冠覆膜对沙糖橘采后保鲜性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 2630-2643.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.013

树冠覆膜对沙糖橘采后保鲜性能的影响

朱智锋¹(),刘萍²,许让伟¹,陈传武²,邓崇岭²,牛英²,朱壹³,王鹏蔚¹,邓秀新¹,程运江¹()

¹华中农业大学园艺林学学院/国家柑橘保鲜技术研发专业中心/农业农村部园艺作物生物学与种质创制（果树）重点实验室/园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉 430070
²广西柑橘育种与栽培工程技术研究中心/广西特色作物研究院,广西桂林541004
³江西绿萌科技控股有限公司,江西信丰 341600

收稿日期:2020-08-21 接受日期:2021-01-13 出版日期:2021-06-16 发布日期:2021-06-24
通讯作者: 程运江
作者简介:朱智锋,E-mail：842006409@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000206);国家自然科学基金(31772368);国家自然科学基金(31972473);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-27);广西科技计划项目桂科(AB18221075)

Influence of Plastic Film Covering of Tree Canopy on Fruit Postharvest Storage Performance in Shatangju Tangerine

ZHU ZhiFeng¹(),LIU Ping²,XU RangWei¹,CHEN ChuanWu²,DENG ChongLing²,NIU Ying²,ZHU Yi³,WANG PengWei¹,DENG XiuXin¹,CHENG YunJiang¹()

¹College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplsam Genetic Improvement (Fruit Crops), Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070
²Guangxi Citrus Breeding and Cultivation Research Center of Engineering Technology/Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops Guilin, Guilin 541004, Guangxi
³Jiangxi Lü Meng Technology Holdings Limited Company, Xinfeng 341600, Jiangxi

Received:2020-08-21 Accepted:2021-01-13 Online:2021-06-16 Published:2021-06-24
Contact: YunJiang CHENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究树冠覆膜对沙糖橘果实品质和保鲜性能的影响,为规范沙糖橘树冠覆膜技术的应用、合理采收和采后生产,以及延长沙糖橘的市场供应期提供理论依据。【方法】以桂林产区的沙糖橘为试材,树冠覆膜为处理组,未覆膜的留树果实为对照,分7个时期采样,测定果实的色差值、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、初生代谢物、呼吸速率、激素水平、果面蜡质组分、蜡质合成相关基因表达量、失重速率及采后腐烂率。【结果】与对照相比,树冠覆膜延缓了果面光泽度下降速率,果皮颜色更红,果实可溶性固形物含量提高1.37%—3.37%,固酸比提高1.87—8.12,果实呼吸强度降低1.93%—16.45%,内源ABA含量提高13.48—15.04 ng·g^-1,蜡质总量提高1.14—3.47 μg·cm^-2,与蜡质合成相关基因如CER1、CER26等表达量高于对照、失重率降低22.24%—29.27%,采后腐烂率下降1.06%—17.65%。覆膜后随着采收期的推迟,沙糖橘果面光泽度及果实固酸比从12月底一直降至2月28日,3月份略有回升,果皮颜色也由鲜红色逐渐转黄并于3月份再转为红色,可溶性固形物含量和失重速率呈上升趋势;采后腐烂率逐渐增加,2月3日、2月28日和3月16日采后贮藏25 d的腐烂率分别为19.26%、32.06%和30.00%;且桂林产区的沙糖橘开花时间多为3月下旬,过晚采收可能会影响树体的开花坐果。【结论】树冠覆膜能显著提高沙糖橘脱落酸含量（ABA）和果面蜡质总量,降低采后腐烂损耗,改善沙糖橘的保鲜性能,但过晚采收会降低果实的保鲜性能,广西桂林产区的沙糖橘采收期最晚应控制在2月下旬前。

关键词: 沙糖橘, 树冠覆膜, 保鲜性能, 蜡质, 采收期

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the postharvest storage and production of Shatangju tangerine (Citrus reticulate) under the plastic film covering of the tree canopy.【Method】 Shatangju tangerine was used as the research subject under two treatments, including canopy covering with plastic film and no canopy covering (control). The samples were collected in seven periods. Then, the color index, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), primary metabolites, respiration rate, hormone levels, fruit surface wax components, expression levels of wax synthesis-related genes, weight loss rate and decay rate were measured.【Result】Compared with the control, canopy covering with plastic film resulted in a slower decline rate of glossiness on fruit surface, redder peel color, 1.37%-3.37% increases in total soluble solid contents, 1.87-8.12 increases in solid-acid ratio, 1.93%-16.45% decreases in respiration rate, 13.48-15.04 ng·g^-1 increases in endogenous ABA content, 1.14-3.47 μg·cm^-2 increases in wax, 22.24%-29.27% reduction of weight loss, and 1.06%-17.65% reduction of decay rate; besides, the expression levels of most genes related to wax synthesis, such as CER1 and CER26, were higher than those of the control. With the delay of the harvest time under plastic film covering of the canopy, the glossiness and solid-acid ratio of the fruit showed continuous decreasing from the end of December to February 28, followed by a slight increase in March; in addition, the peel color gradually changed from bright red to yellow and then turned to red in March. The soluble solid content and weight loss rate showed a continuous rising trend. The postharvest decay rate increased gradually, and the samples on February 3, February 28 and March 16 showed decay rates of 19.26%, 32.06% and 30%, respectively, after 25 days of storage. Furthermore, the flowering time of Shatangju tangerine in the Guilin production area was the late March. Hence, too late harvest might affect the flowering and fruit setting of the tree in next season.【Conclusion】The results showed that plastic film covering of canopy could significantly enhance the ABA content and surface total wax of Shatangju, reduce postharvest decay and loss, and improve freshness preservation, but too late harvest would affect the freshness preservation performance of the fruit. It was suggested that the reasonable harvest period of Shatangju tangerine with plastic film covering of canopy in Guilin Guangxi should be before late February.

Key words: Shatangju tangerine, canopy covering with plastic film, freshness preservation, wax, harvest period

朱智锋,刘萍,许让伟,陈传武,邓崇岭,牛英,朱壹,王鹏蔚,邓秀新,程运江. 树冠覆膜对沙糖橘采后保鲜性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(12): 2630-2643.

ZHU ZhiFeng,LIU Ping,XU RangWei,CHEN ChuanWu,DENG ChongLing,NIU Ying,ZHU Yi,WANG PengWei,DENG XiuXin,CHENG YunJiang. Influence of Plastic Film Covering of Tree Canopy on Fruit Postharvest Storage Performance in Shatangju Tangerine[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(12): 2630-2643.

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树冠覆膜对沙糖橘采后保鲜性能的影响

Influence of Plastic Film Covering of Tree Canopy on Fruit Postharvest Storage Performance in Shatangju Tangerine

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