双季机械直播早籼稻品种的丰产性和稳产性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明双季机械直播早稻品种的丰产和稳产特征,筛选出一批适宜在江西双季稻区机械直播的早籼稻品种,为南方双季机械直播稻品种选育和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以21个早籼稻品种为试验材料,在江西省3个不同生态区（赣北、赣中、赣南）进行人工模拟机械直播种植,通过聚类分析、联合方差分析和GGE双标图等方法,对双季机械直播早籼稻品种的丰产稳产特征进行系统研究。【结果】各品种的产量存在较大差异,受基因型、环境及其互作效应的影响显著。各生态区供试品种的产量聚类分析显示,赣北、赣中与赣南高产类型品种分别占总数的38.10%、19.05%与23.81%,其中,潭两优83产量最高且稳定性最好,五丰优286及株两优171品种次之,永3优华占产量最低,而两优287丰产性好但稳产性差。与中、低产类型品种相比,高产类型品种有效穗、每穗粒数与总颖花量显著增加,且千粒重与日产量具有显著优势;呈现较好的早生快发能力,分蘖增长率、高峰苗数与成穗率显著提高,且分蘖下降率显著降低;抽穗期和成熟期干物质生产量均最高且高产类型品种在干物质输出率、表观转换率和表观转化率具有显著的增加优势。【结论】机直播条件下,丰产稳产早籼稻品种具有生育期适中、分蘖成穗率高、总颖花量大、花后干物质生产量大、干物质输出与转运效率高、日产量高等特点。综合来看,潭两优83、五丰优286、株两优171、永优9380丰产性和稳定性好,熟期也适中,适合在江西双季稻区作早稻直播。

关键词: 早籼稻, 生态区, 机械直播, 丰产性, 稳产性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study aimed to explore the characteristics of high and stable yield of double-season mechanical direct seeding early rice varieties, and to screen out a batch of early indica rice varieties suitable for mechanical direct seeding in Jiangxi double-season rice region, which provided theoretical basis for breeding and cultivation of southern double-season mechanical direct seeding rice varieties.【Method】With 21 early indica rice varieties as experimental materials, artificial mechanical direct seeding was carried out in three different ecological regions of Jiangxi province (North Jiangxi, Central Jiangxi and South Jiangxi). Cluster analysis, combined variance analysis and GGE biplot were used to systematically study the high and stable yield characteristics of double-season mechanical direct seeding early indica rice varieties. 【Result】 The yield of different cultivars was significantly affected by genotype, environment and interaction effect. Cluster analysis of yield of tested varieties in each ecological region showed that high-yield varieties in North, Middle and South Jiangxi accounted for 38.10%, 19.05% and 23.81% of the total, respectively. Tan Liangyou 83 had the highest yield and the best stability, followed by Wufengyou 286 and Zhuliangyou 171 varieties, and Yong 3 Youhua had the lowest yield, while Liangyou 287 had good high yield but poor stable yield. Compared with medium and low yield varieties, the effective panicle, grain number per panicle and total spikelet number of high yield varieties increased significantly, and 1000-grain weight and daily output had significant advantages. It showed better ability of early growth and rapid development. The tiller growth rate, peak seedling number and panicle formation rate were significantly increased, and the tiller decline rate was significantly reduced. Dry matter production at heading stage and maturity stage was significantly higher for high-yield varieties than that for medium and low-yield varieties, and high-yield varieties have significant advantages in dry matter output rate, apparent conversion rate and apparent conversion rate.【Conclusion】Under the condition of machine direct seeding, the early indica rice varieties with high and stable yield had the characteristics of moderate growth period, good early onset, high tillering and ear formation rate, large total spikelet number, large dry matter production after flowering, high dry matter output and transportation efficiency, and high daily output, etc. According to the comprehensive characteristics of various varieties, Tan Liangyou 83, Wu Fengyou 286, Zhu Liangyou 171 and Yong You 9380 had good high yield and stability, and moderate maturity, which was suitable for direct seeding of early rice in Jiangxi double cropping rice region.

Key words: early indica rice, ecological areas, mechanical direct seeding, productivity, stability

陈丽明,周燕芝,谭义青,吴自明,谭雪明,曾勇军,石庆华,潘晓华,曾研华. 双季机械直播早籼稻品种的丰产性和稳产性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(2): 261-272.

CHEN LiMing,ZHOU YanZhi,TAN YiQing,WU ZiMing,TAN XueMing,ZENG YongJun,SHI QingHua,PAN XiaoHua,ZENG YanHua. High and Stable Yield of Early Indica Rice Varieties with Double-Season Mechanical Direct Seeding[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(2): 261-272.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I2/261

图/表 12

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3个生态区各品种稻谷产量及生育期"

品种 Variety	产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)				生育期 Growth stage (d)
品种 Variety	鄱阳Poyang	上高Shanggao	兴国Xingguo	平均 Mean	生育期 Growth stage (d)
潭两优83 TLY83	7.80±0.31bc	8.31±0.45a	8.52±0.12a	8.21±0.09a	96.7±2.52ij
五丰优286 WFY286	8.00±0.48ab	7.29±0.26ab	8.34±0.08a	7.87±0.25ab	99.3±3.06de
陵两优722 LLY722	7.20±0.38de	7.86±0.64ab	8.47±0.08a	7.84±0.23ab	98.0±4.00fgh
株两优171 ZLY171	7.60±0.20bcd	7.69±1.54ab	8.07±0.17b	7.78±0.51abc	97.7±3.51ghi
柒两优2012 QLY2012	6.54±0.20fgh	7.80±0.35ab	8.42±0.09a	7.59±0.16abcd	98.3±3.06efg
永优9380 YY9380	7.50±0.45cd	7.34±1.20ab	7.81±0.09c	7.55±0.39abcde	102.0±2.65b
陵两优7108 LLY7108	7.17±0.21de	6.94±1.59ab	8.49±0.18a	7.54±0.46abcde	97.7±3.51ghi
两优287 LY287	8.34±0.24a	7.32±0.18ab	6.63±0.13f	7.43±0.10abcde	96.7±2.52ij
株两优39 ZLY39	7.00±0.13ef	7.38±1.12ab	7.86±0.11c	7.42±0.37abcde	97.3±3.06ghij
株两优538 ZLY538	7.50±0.27cd	7.21±0.17ab	7.36±0.08d	7.36±0.12abcde	98.0±2.65fgh
鄱优364 PY364	7.67±0.22bc	6.45±0.77b	7.37±0.10d	7.16±0.25bcde	100.0±2.65cd
优Ⅰ156 YI 156	6.87±0.24ef	6.94±0.29ab	7.33±0.07d	7.05±0.07bcde	101.0±2.65bc
中早25 ZZ25	6.80±0.22efg	6.52±0.86b	7.75±0.09c	7.02±0.35bcde	97.0±3.00hij
株两优819 ZLY819	7.67±0.31bc	7.00±0.77ab	6.24±0.08g	6.97±0.26bcde	96.3±4.51j
长两优39 CLY39	6.34±0.07gh	6.83±1.05ab	7.49±0.14d	6.89±0.30bcde	99.0±2.65def
嘉育948 JY948	7.04±0.19e	6.34±1.52b	6.86±0.14e	6.75±0.41cde	97.0±2.65hij
江早361 JZ361	6.57±0.18fgh	6.29±0.73b	7.35±0.05d	6.74±0.27de	96.7±3.51ij
中早39 ZZ39	6.80±0.24efg	7.26±0.78ab	6.17±0.07g	6.74±0.20de	99.0±2.65def
淦鑫203 GX203	6.37±0.10gh	6.40±1.36b	7.00±0.19e	6.59±0.39de	99.3±3.06de
中嘉早17 ZJZ17	6.17±0.04h	6.89±0.60ab	6.60±0.18f	6.55±0.21de	98.0±2.65fgh
永3优华占 Y3YHZ	7.00±0.15ef	6.22±0.67b	6.32±0.10g	6.51±0.25e	104.3±3.06a
均值 Mean	7.14±0.23	7.06±0.79	7.52±0.11	7.22±0.49	98.2±2.98
变异系数 CV(%)	8.21	8.11	10.47	6.85	2.31

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地点 Location	前茬 Fore crop	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N content (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
鄱阳 Poyang	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	6.02	38.7	2.10	13.5	72.8
上高 Shanggao	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	5.21	34.3	1.59	16.4	68.1
兴国 Xingguo	双季晚稻 Double cropping late rice	5.03	35.8	1.97	14.4	68.4

地点 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	4-7月日均降水量 Average diurnal rainfall from Apr. to Jul. (mm)	4-7月日均气温 Average diurnal temperature from Apr. to Jul. (℃)
鄱阳 Poyang	24	116°67′	29°00′	53.3	25.5
上高 Shanggao	51	114°92′	28°23′	50.1	24.9
兴国 Xingguo	162	115°35′	26°33′	56.5	26.4

	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 MS	F	P	占平方和的 Ss (%)
联合方差 Pooled ANOVA	总变异 Total variation	188	120.67	0.64	—	—	—
	处理 Treatment	62	82.08	1.32	4.32	0.0001	68.02^a
	基因 Genotype (G)	20	43.56	2.18	7.11	0.0001	36.10^a
	环境 Environment (E)	2	5.29	2.65	8.64	0.0003	4.38^a
	G×E	40	33.23	0.83	2.71	0.0001	27.54^a
	误差 Error	126	38.58	0.31	—	—	31.98^a
线性回归 Liner regression	联合回归 United regression	1	1.31	1.31	4.29	0.0403	3.96^b
	基因回归 Genotype regression	19	16.82	0.89	2.89	0.0002	50.61^b
	环境回归 Environment regression	1	0.71	0.71	2.30	0.1317	2.12^b
	残差 Residual error	19	14.39	0.76	2.47	0.0015	43.31^b

类型 Type		有效穗 Panicle number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelet (×10⁴·hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)	日产量 Daily yield (kg·hm^-2· d^-1)
高产 HY (n=4)	平均值 M	355.05a	137.59a	48908.47a	85.12a	27.37a	7.91a	80.78a
	变幅 AV	347.54-371.43	1332.06-147.84	45897.16-54897.48	84.54-85.75	26.01-28.95	7.69-8.31	78.43-85.71
	标准差 S	11.11	7.18	4125.39	0.50	1.21	0.27	3.37
	变异系数 CV(%)	3.13	5.22	8.43	0.59	4.43	3.44	4.18
中产 MY (n=11)	平均值 M	344.92b	122.37b	41009.07b	84.95a	26.87b	7.13ab	71.82ab
	变幅 AV	314.01-346.71	118.86-129.62	3719.51-44944.94	82.15-86.96	25.66-28.66	6.83-7.38	68.29-75.32
	标准差 S	10.92	3.43	2346.10	1.79	0.96	0.21	2.50
	变异系数 CV(%)	3.26	2.80	5.72	2.11	3.58	2.90	3.48
低产 LY (n=6)	平均值 M	307.93c	116.71c	35765.60c	85.27a	27.08ab	6.35b	63.79b
	变幅 AV	303.05-311.33	113.25-118.24	34329.27-36783.06	803.03-87.45	24.84-28.23	6.22-6.52	59.23-67.26
	标准差 S	3.04	2.01	956.73	1.71	1.27	0.13	2.59
	变异系数 CV(%)	0.99	1.73	2.67	2.01	4.69	2.04	4.07

产量类型 Type	有效穗 Panicle number	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelet	结实率 Filled grain percentage	千粒重 1000-grain percentage	日产量 Daily yield
高产 HY	0.993**	0.990**	0.993**	-0.656	-0.577	0.992**
中产 MY	0.911**	0.867**	0.942**	0.062	0.041	0.805**
低产 LY	0.893**	0.921**	0.937**	-0.047	0.077	0.907**