湖南省主要早籼稻品种挥发性物质种类及含量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较湖南省不同品种早籼稻主要挥发性物质种类及其含量的差异，探讨利用稻谷挥发性成分指标对不同品种稻谷进行表征和区分的可能性，为稻谷储藏、稻米加工及其品质管理提供参考。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术（HS-SPME/GC-MS）对早籼稻挥发性物质进行定性和定量检测，用主成分分析法（PCA）对稻谷中挥发性成分进行分析。【结果】12种稻谷共检测出265种挥发性物质，根据质量不小于80，筛选出125种主要物质，包括烃类56种，醇类12种，醛类13种，酮类14种，酸酯类19种和杂环类11种；其中烷烃类、烯烃类、芳香烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酸酯类和杂环类占挥发性物质总量的平均比例分别为26.907%、8.417%、7.308%、5.810%、9.628%、18.626%、13.926%和6.819%，变异系数分别为19.98%、38.22%、34.67%、41.12%、28.57%、38.81%、20.13%和34.33%。所有品种均检测到高含量的6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮。某些品种含有独特的物质，贝壳杉-15-烯只在株两优819和早优中检测到，仅有特早含有甜没药烯；异植物醇、四氢薰衣草醇和香茅醇分别是株两优819、特早和早优特有的醇类物质；只有早籼87含有高含量的二羟基苯乙酮；苯甲酸三硅酯仅在早优中出现，中早39特有氯甲酸正壬基酯，仅在株两优819和早籼51-4中检测到氯甲酸正辛酯。主成分分析结果表明：烯烃类、烷烃类、醛类和杂环类是稻谷挥发性物质的主要影响因子，烯烃类、烷烃类、醛类和杂环类的贡献率分别为35.878%、19.267%、18.727%、13.596%，累计贡献率为87.467%。其中烯烃类可以区分品种湘矮45、湘早32、早籼87、早籼89、早籼51-4、株两优819、特早、中早39、早优；烷烃类可以鉴别品种早籼89、早籼87、早51-4和特早；醛类可以明显区分出品种株两优819和早籼51-4；杂环类能鉴别品种早籼51-4、早籼24和特早。【结论】湖南省早籼稻的挥发性物质种类和含量存在明显差异，通过主成分分析可以找出稻谷特征挥发性物质并区分不同品种稻谷。

关键词: 湖南省, 早籼稻, 挥发性物质, 主成分分析法

Abstract: 【Objective】The volatile components of different indica rice varieties from Hunan province were investigated and compared to explore the possibility that using volatile compounds as indicators for characterization and differentiation of varieties, also for providing a reference for rice storage, processing and quality control.【Method】The head space-solid phase microextraction method was used to extract the volatile components from twelve varieties of indica rice and the extracted volatile substances were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The principal component analysis was adopted to analyze their flavors.【Result】A total of 265 volatile components were detected, 125 kinds of substances were screened according to the quality of not less than 80, including 56 kinds of hydrocarbons, 12 kinds of alcohols, 13 kinds of aldehydes, 14 kinds of ketones, 19 kinds of eaters, and 11 kinds of heterocylic compounds. The average percentage contribution of alkanes, olefin, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, eaters and heterocylic compounds to the total were 26.907%, 8.417%, 7.308%, 5.810%, 9.628%, 18.626%, 13.926% and 6.819%, respectively. The coefficient of variation was 19.98%, 38.22%, 34.67%, 41.12%, 28.57%, 38.81%, 20.13% and 34.33%, respectively. High levels of 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone were detected in all species. Some varieties have unique substances, and Kauri-15-ene only existed in Zhuliangyou 819 and Zaoyou, Tezao has a special bisabolene. Isophytol, tetrahydrofurfuryl lavender alcohol and citronellol existed only in Zhuliangyou819, Tezao and Zaoyou respectively. Only Zaoxian87 contained high levels of dihydroxyacetophenone. Benzoicacid ester of silicon occurred only in Zaoyou, chloroformate n-nonyl ester was only detected in Zhongzao 39, and chloroformate n-octyl phthalate was detected only in Zhuliangyou 819 and Zaoxain 51-4. The results of principal component analysis showed that olefin, alkanes, aldehydes and heterocylic substances were the main influencing factors. The contribution rate was 35.878%, 19.267%, 18.727% and 13.596%, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate was 87.467%. Samples (Xiangai45, Xiangzao32, Zaoxian87, Zaoxian89, Zaoxian51-4, Zhuliangyou 819, Tezao, Zhongzao39, Zaoyou) were distinguished except Zhuliangyou402, Tanliangyou83 and Zaoxian24 according to olefin. Zaoxian 87, Zaoxian89 and Zaoxian51-4 could be identified by alkanes. Zhuliangyou 819 and Zaoixan 51-4 were distinguished through aldehydes. Zaoxian 51-4 and Zaoxian 24 were identified in accordance with heterocyclic substance.【Conclusion】There are significant differences in volatile compositions and concentrations among 12 varieties of indica rice. Principal component analysis can identify specific substances and distinct paddy varieties.

Key words: Hunan province, indica rice, volatile compounds, principal component analysis

宋伟，胡婉君，徐宗季，刘兵，樊艳，倪阳，杨慧萍. 湖南省主要早籼稻品种挥发性物质种类及含量[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(2): 348-361.

SONG Wei, HU WanJun, XU ZongJi, LIU Bing, FAN Yan, NI Yang, YANG HuiPing . Volatile Components of Main Indica Rice Cultivars from Hunan Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2): 348-361.

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