高粱抗炭疽病资源筛选及病情与产量损失的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对高粱炭疽病（Colletotrichum sublineolum）在生产上突发流行问题,以利用寄主抗病性控制病害为目的,在人工接种条件下筛选高粱抗炭疽病资源,明确病害严重度与产量损失关系,为高粱抗炭疽病育种和田间病害产量损失评估提供科学依据和指导。【方法】 2016—2017年连续2年以高粱炭疽病菌（C. sublineolum）菌株SY-1为供试菌株,采用人工接种方法对74份国内外高粱种质资源抗高粱炭疽病特性进行测定和评价;利用已知对高粱炭疽病抗性不同的20份高粱资源作为供试材料,在人工接种条件下测定病害不同程度所造成的产量损失,并采用相关分析的方法分析高粱主要产量性状与炭疽病为害程度之间的关系。【结果】从供试的74份资源中,筛选出表现高度抗病（highly resistant,HR）资源21份,占鉴定资源总数的28.38%;抗病（resistant,R）资源12份,占鉴定资源总数的16.22%;中度抗病（moderately resistant,MR）资源26份,占鉴定资源总数的35.14%;感病（susceptible,S）资源8份,占鉴定资源总数的10.81%;高度感病（highly susceptible,HS）资源7份,占鉴定资源总数的9.46%。病害严重程度与产量损失关系研究结果表明,高粱炭疽病对高粱单穗粒重和千粒重影响显著,不同病情级别间的穗粒重及千粒重损失率差异显著;病害严重程度（1—9级）间的穗粒重损失率幅度为0.37%—78.00%,千粒重损失率为0.03%—44.43%。相关分析表明,高粱穗粒重及千粒重损失率与病害级别均呈指数相关,随着病害级别的升高,高粱穗粒重及千粒重损失率逐渐升高,且穗粒重损失率比千粒重损失率升高更快。病害严重度与症状表现关系密切,高度抗病（1级）资源的病株叶片上有不规则圆形小斑点,无分生孢子盘产生;抗病（3级）资源的病株叶片上有不规则圆形及椭圆形小型病斑,有零星分生孢子盘;中抗（5级）资源植株叶片上有大量不规则圆形、椭圆形斑点,有黑色分生孢子盘和孢子形成,穗枝梗亦有椭圆形斑点;感病（7级）资源植株叶片上有不规则圆形、椭圆形、长条形病斑,有大量黑色分生孢子盘和孢子形成,穗部枝梗病斑明显,部分叶片枯死,个别植株近于死亡。高度感病（9级）资源植株叶片上病斑连片,有大量黑色分生孢子盘和孢子,穗部枝梗病斑较多,大部分叶片枯死,植株近于死亡。【结论】筛选出21份高抗资源,明确了高粱炭疽病病情级别与高粱产量损失呈指数相关,随着病害级别的增高,高粱穗粒重及千粒重损失率相应升高。此外,高粱炭疽病不同病情级别相对应病害症状明显不同。

关键词: 高粱, 炭疽病, 抗性鉴定, 产量损失

Abstract:

【Objective】Base on the new problems of sorghum anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) prevalent recent years in sorghum production, screening sorghum disease-resistant resources under artificial inoculation conditions was carried out with the purpose of use host resistance to control the disease. The results of this study were expected to provide scientific basis and guidance for sorghum anthracnose resistance breeding and yield loss assessment in the field. 【Method】 During the year of 2016 and 2017, 74 sorghum accessions from home and abroad were identified for disease resistance by artificial inoculation with pathogen isolate of C. sublineolum (SY-1). Twenty accessions with different rating scale were used as test materials to determine yield losses caused by anthracnose diseases under artificial inoculation. The relationship between rating scale (severity) of disease and the main yield traits of sorghum was clarified by using the method of correlation analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that there were 21 accessions rated as highly resistant (HR) and accounted for 28.38% of the total of 74 sorghum accessions, 12 accessions rated as resistant (R) and accounted for 16.22%, 26 accessions rated as moderate resistant (MR) and accounted for 35.14%, 8 accessions rated as susceptibility (S) and accounted for 10.81%, and 7 accessions rated as high susceptibility (HS) and accounted for 9.46% of the total accessions. The relationship between the severity of disease and yield loss was clarified. The results showed that 1000-grain weight and grain weight per panicle of sorghum are significantly affected by sorghum anthracnose. The reduction of grain weight per panicle between 1- 9 grade diseased plants was 0.37%-78.00%, and the reduction of 1000-grain weight was 0.03%-44.43%. Correlation analysis showed that both of grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight had an exponential relationship with the rating scale of disease. The reduction rate of grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight of sorghum rise significantly with the increase of rating scale of disease, and the rise of reduction rate of grain weight per panicle is more rapid than that of 1000-grain weight. There was a close relationship between the severity and symptoms of disease. Accessions rated as HR showed symptoms of red spots on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the lesions and R accessions showed small circular to oval spots and acervuli development. MR accessions showed symptoms of abundant circular to oval spots on inoculated leaves and black acervuli development and some lesions also appear on panicle-stalk. S accessions showed circular to oval and long strip spots on inoculated leaves with abundant black acervuli development. Lesions on panicle-stalk were visible and part of leaves wilt and some diseased plants were died. On the HS accessions lesions join to cover a large proportion of the leaf and panicle-stalk surface with abundant black acervuli. Most leaves of diseased plants wilt and the whole plants were near death. 【Conclusion】 In this study, 21 accessions with highly resistant (HR) were screened. Both of grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight had an exponential relationship with the rating scale of the disease, and with the increase of rating scale, the loss rate of grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight of sorghum were increased correspondingly. In addition, the disease symptoms of sorghum anthracnose were obviously different with disease rating scale.

Key words: sorghum, Colletotrichum sublineolum, evaluation of resistance, yield loss

徐婧,姜钰,胡兰,刘可杰,徐秀德. 高粱抗炭疽病资源筛选及病情与产量损失的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(22): 4079-4087.

XU Jing,JIANG Yu,HU Lan,LIU KeJie,XU XiuDe. Evaluation of Sorghum Accessions Resistance Against Colletotrichum sublineolum and Relationship Between Severity and Yield Loss on Sorghum[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4079-4087.

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图/表 6

表1

表2

高粱资源对炭疽病抗性鉴定结果"

序号No.	资源 Accessions	来源 Origin	2016病级 Rating scale in 2016	2017病级 Rating scale in 2017	病情级别 Rating scale	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation	序号 No.	资源 Accessions	来源 Origin	2016病级 Rating scale in 2016	2017病级 Rating scale in 2017	病情级别 Rating scale	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
1	A23*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	38	LR2381*	中国China	9	9	9	HS
2	A24*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	39	LR287*	中国China	3	3	3	R
3	A27*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	40	LR622*	中国China	7	7	7	S
4	A29*	中国China	3	5	5	MR	41	LR625*	中国China	5	3	5	R
5	A30*	中国China	5	5	5	MR	42	R8112*	中国China	1	1	1	HR
6	A36*	中国China	5	5	5	MR	43	R8115*	中国China	1	1	1	HR
7	A40*	中国China	5	3	5	MR	44	R8182*	中国China	1	1	1	HR
8	A52*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	45	SH802B*	中国China	1	1	1	HR
9	A54*	中国China	5	5	5	MR	46	SC109	美国America	5	5	5	MR
10	GS-1*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	47	SC170-6-17	美国America	3	3	3	R
11	ICS6B	印度India	5	5	5	MR	48	SA281	美国America	5	5	5	MR
12	ICS7B	印度India	7	7	7	HS	49	SC56-14E	美国America	5	5	5	MR
13	K36	中国China	5	5	5	MR	50	V4B	中国China	5	5	5	MR
14	K131	中国China	5	5	5	MR	51	VAR10	中国China	9	9	9	HS
15	K146	中国China	3	3	3	R	52	NR1	中国China	7	7	7	S
16	K148	中国China	3	3	3	R	53	NR10	中国China	9	9	9	HR
17	KSP406B	美国America	5	5	5	MR	54	QL33B	澳大利亚Australia	1	1	1	HR
18	KSP8-9-12B	美国America	5	5	5	MR	55	R19112	美国America	1	1	1	HR
19	KSP8-9-16B	美国America	5	3	5	MR	56	R19204	美国America	1	1	1	HR
20	KSP512B	美国America	1	1	1	HR	57	TAM428B	美国America	5	5	5	MR
21	KSP7-7-4B	美国America	1	1	1	HR	58	TNS30	印度India	7	7	7	S
22	K106	中国China	9	9	9	HS	59	Tx378B	美国America	3	3	3	R
23	K185	中国China	9	7	9	HS	60	Tx398B	美国America	5	5	5	MR
24	L401B*	中国China	5	5	5	HR	61	TX2758B	美国America	5	5	5	MR
25	L402B*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	62	TX2790B	美国America	1	1	1	HR
26	L407B*	中国China	5	3	5	R	63	TX2750B	美国America	3	3	3	R
27	L405B*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	64	Tx622B	美国America	3	3	3	R
28	L414B	中国China	1	1	1	HR	65	Tx623B	美国America	3	3	3	R
29	L422B	中国China	1	1	1	HR	66	矮四 Aisi	中国China	9	9	9	HS
30	Lz005B*	中国China	3	3	3	R	67	吉352B Ji352B	中国China	5	5	5	MR
31	Lz024B*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	68	吉4190B Ji4190B	中国China	5	5	5	MR
32	Lz011B*	中国China	3	3	3	R	69	吉R105 JiR105	中国China	5	5	5	MR
33	Lz028B*	中国China	3	3	3	R	70	吉R107 JiR107	中国China	5	5	5	MR
34	Lz053B*	中国China	1	1	1	HR	71	吉2055B Ji2055B	中国China	7	7	7	S
35	LR115	中国China	7	7	7	S	72	吉133 Ji133	中国China	9	9	9	HS
36	LR213*	中国China	3	3	3	R	73	红缨子-1 Hongyingzi-1	中国China	5	3	5	MR
37	NR7	中国China	7	7	7	S	74	黔高8 Qiangao 8	中国China	7	5	7	S

表2

表3

高粱炭疽病对高粱主要产量性状的影响"

资源 Resources	抗性级别 Rating scale	处理 Treatments	穗粒重 Grain weight per panicle (g)	千粒重 1000- grain weight(g)	穗粒重损失率 Loss rate of grain weight per panicle (%)	千粒重损失率 Loss rate of 1000- grain weight (%)
A24	1	接菌Inoculated	83.23	29.96	0.37aA	0.03aA
		对照Control	83.54	29.97
R8112	1	接菌Inoculated	71.77	37.12	0.86aA	0.11aA
		对照Control	72.39	37.16
GS-1	1	接菌Inoculated	91.82	35.04	1.02aA	0.57aA
		对照Control	92.77	35.24
L402B	1	接菌Inoculated	66.52	34.68	1.13aA	0.32aA
		对照Control	67.28	34.78
K148	3	接菌Inoculated	51.22	33.95	2.27abAB	1.54abAB
		对照Control	52.41	34.48
Lz028B	3	接菌Inoculated	78.89	25.61	3.68abAB	1.39abAB
		对照Control	81.90	25.97
LR213	3	接菌Inoculated	100.09	32.60	3.8abAB	2.66abcABC
		对照Control	104.04	33.49
K146	3	接菌Inoculated	63.76	28.19	4.44abcABC	3.29abcABC
		对照Control	66.72	29.15
A36	5	接菌Inoculated	84.21	34.34	8.03bcdABCD	2.69abcABC
		对照Control	91.56	35.29
SC109	5	接菌Inoculated	63.69	33.58	10.11bcBCD	6.57dC
		对照Control	70.85	35.94
A30	5	接菌Inoculated	55.57	27.22	13.02dD	5.16cdBC
		对照Control	63.89	28.70
A54	5	接菌Inoculated	69.67	32.64	12.67dCD	4.39bcdABC
		对照Control	79.78	34.14
NR7	7	接菌Inoculated	56.18	29.15	35.47eE	12.09eD
		对照Control	87.06	33.16
LR622	7	接菌Inoculated	58.41	31.48	41.86fEF	14.04efD
		对照Control	100.00	36.62
NR1	7	接菌Inoculated	58.64	27.22	43.49fEF	16.04fD
		对照Control	103.77	32.42
LR115	7	接菌Inoculated	48.89	30.85	44.57fF	15.89fD
		对照Control	88.20	36.68
VAR10	9	接菌Inoculated	43.57	23.98	56.18gG	28.59gE
		对照Control	99.42	33.58
2381	9	接菌Inoculated	30.86	19.04	66.34hH	25.86gE
		对照Control	91.67	25.68
K106	9	接菌Inoculated	20.15	23.94	63.52hGH	35.96hF
		对照Control	55.23	37.38
矮四 Aisi	9	接菌Inoculated	20.55	15.76	78iI	44.43iG
		对照Control	93.40	28.36

表3

图1

图2

图3

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病情级别 Rating scale	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation	病害症状描述 Description of disease symptom
1	高抗HR	叶片上有少量褪绿的小斑点,占叶面积5%以下,病斑上无分生孢子盘 Small amount of chlorotic flecks on the inoculated leaves, but no acervuli. Lesions covering is less than 5%
3	抗R	叶片上有少量病斑,占叶面积的5.1%—20%,病斑上有零星分生孢子盘 Small amount of circular to oval spots and acervuli development, lesions covering is 5.1%-20%
5	中抗MR	叶片上病斑较多,占叶面积20.1%—40%,病斑上有分生孢子盘 Abundant circular to oval spots on inoculated leaves and black acervuli development, lesions covering is 20.1%- 40%
7	感S	叶片上病斑相连,占叶面积40.1%—70%,病斑上有分生孢子盘 Leaf area covered with coalescing lesions with black acervuli, lesions covering is 40.1%-70%
9	高感HS	叶片由病斑覆盖,占叶面积70.1%以上,病斑上有分生孢子盘,整株叶片近于枯死 Lesions join to cover a large proportion of the leaf surface with abundant black acervuli. The whole plants were near death. Lesions covering is more than 70.1%