基于配合力和遗传距离的甜高粱杂种优势预测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】对甜高粱主要农艺性状进行杂种优势、一般配合力及特殊配合力分析,同时,分析配合力、表型遗传距离以及分子遗传距离用于杂种优势预测的可行性,为甜高粱的种质创新和杂交种选育提供理论参考。【方法】采用不完全双列杂交设计,以8个甜高粱不育系为母本及8个甜高粱恢复系为父本配制64个杂交组合。对亲本及杂交后代进行2年的性状调查,包括：出苗至开花日数、生育期、株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖、单穗粒重、千粒重、籽粒产量、单株重、生物产量和含糖量。分析不同性状的杂种优势、一般配合力、特殊配合力、表型遗传距离、分子遗传距离以及配合力、遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】各性状的中亲优势由强到弱分别为单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、株高、穗长、千粒重、茎粗、生育期、至开花日数、分蘖和含糖量,其中,生育期、至开花日数、分蘖和含糖量等性状为负优势。不同性状的中亲优势和超亲优势由强到弱的顺序基本相同。配合力分析表明,每个性状中,不同亲本的一般配合力相差较大,且不同组合的特殊配合力也有很大差异。大多数特殊配合力高的组合,其亲本的一般配合力也较高。杂种优势与配合力和遗传距离的相关性为单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、穗长、千粒重、分蘖以及含糖量等性状的杂种优势与其亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力均为极显著正相关。生育期的杂种优势与特殊配合力为极显著正相关,至开花日数与特殊配合力为显著正相关。亲本间的表型遗传距离为2.86—6.82,分子遗传距离为0.50—0.96。单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、株高、穗长、茎粗及含糖量等性状的杂种优势与分子遗传距离的相关性大于表型遗传距离,其中,生物产量、单株重、穗长和茎粗的杂种优势与分子遗传距离为极显著正相关。【结论】所有性状中,与产量相关性状的杂种优势较高,而含糖量和分蘖的杂种优势较低。在杂种优势预测上,利用亲本的配合力可有效预测杂种优势,预测效果优于遗传距离。与表型遗传距离相比,分子遗传距离对杂种优势的预测更有效。

关键词: 甜高粱, 杂种优势, 配合力, 遗传距离, 预测

Abstract:

【Objective】 The heterosis, general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) of main agronomical traits of sweet sorghum were analyzed. Meanwhile, the feasibility of heterosis prediction based on combining ability, phenotypic genetic distance (PGD) and molecular genetic distance (MGD) was estimated. The result will provide theoretical reference for germplasm improvement and hybrid breeding of sweet sorghum.【Method】 Sixty-four hybridized combinations were generated with 8 sterile lines as females and 8 restorer lines as males in accordance with a North Carolina Design II mating scheme. Twelve agronomical traits including days to flowering, growth duration, plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, tillers, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plot, biomass per plant, biomass per plot and sugar content of hybrids and their parent lines were investigated in two years. The heterosis, GCA, SCA, PGD and MGD were analyzed, as well as the correlation between combining ability, genetic distance and heterosis. 【Result】 Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) of traits from high to low was: biomass per plant, grain yield per plot, panicle weight, biomass per plot, plant height, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, stem diameter, growth duration, days to flowering, tillers and sugar content. Among which, heterosis of growth duration, days to flowering, tillers and sugar content was negative. The sequence of MPH for all traits was almost the same as that of better parent heterosis (BPH). Combining ability analysis showed that the GCA of different parents varied greatly in each trait. Meanwhile, the SCA of different combinations was also significantly different. Most combinations with high SCA also showed high GCA in their parent lines. Heterosis of biomass per plant, grain yield per plot, panicle weight, biomass per plot, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, tillers and sugar content was positively and highly significantly correlated with GCA and SCA of their parent lines simultaneously. Heterosis of growth duration was positively and highly significantly correlated with SCA. Meanwhile, heterosis of days to flowering was positively and significantly correlated with SCA. The PGD of parent lines was 2.86-6.82, and MGD was 0.50-0.96. The correlation between heterosis and MGD was greater than that of PGD in biomass per plant, grain yield per plot, panicle weight, biomass per plot, plant height, panicle length, stem diameter and sugar content. Among which, heterosis of biomass per plot, biomass per plant, panicle length and stem diameter was positively and highly significantly correlated with MGD. 【Conclusion】 Heterosis of yield related traits was higher, and that of sugar content and tillers was lower among all traits. In the prediction of heterosis, combining ability was more effective than genetic distance, therefore, can be used to predict heterosis. MGD was more effective in heterosis prediction compared with PGD.

Key words: sweet sorghum, heterosis, combining ability, genetic distance, prediction

王黎明,严洪冬,焦少杰,姜艳喜,苏德峰,孙广全. 基于配合力和遗传距离的甜高粱杂种优势预测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(14): 2786-2794.

WANG LiMing,YAN HongDong,JIAO ShaoJie,JIANG YanXi,SU DeFeng,SUN GuangQuan. Heterosis Prediction of Sweet Sorghum Based on Combining Ability and Genetic Distance[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2786-2794.

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性状 Trait	单株重 BP	籽粒产量 GY	单穗粒重 PW	生物产量 BM	株高 PH	穗长 PL	千粒重 TGW	茎粗 SD	生育期 GD	至开花日数 FD	含糖量 SC	分蘖 TL
最大Maximum	158.30	281.97	257.78	108.49	63.23	53.33	50.00	44.44	6.77	10.16	49.56	333.33
最小Minimum	-8.55	-36.87	-29.47	-24.11	-22.27	-7.41	-23.23	-21.67	-14.18	-19.30	-62.97	-100.00
平均Mean	61.70	50.31	48.12	36.99	13.74	13.00	7.23	-2.72	-3.89	-6.95	-25.67	-41.00

性状 Trait	单株重 BP	籽粒产量 GY	单穗粒重 PW	生物产量 BM	株高 PH	穗长 PL	千粒重 TGW	茎粗 SD	生育期 GD	至开花日数 FD	分蘖 TL	含糖量 SC
最大Maximum	190.30	302.08	276.61	141.40	633.33	53.33	57.93	44.45	6.56	14.34	766.67	54.06
最小Minimum	10.59	-23.30	-23.86	-5.38	14.41	-7.40	-11.47	-17.46	-9.88	-14.29	-100.00	-59.82
平均Mean	89.17	75.39	73.69	59.49	53.64	20.94	17.24	6.51	-0.86	-3.31	-9.45	-17.40

亲本 Parent lines	至开花日数 FD	生育期 GD	株高 PH	穗长 PL	茎粗 SD	分蘖 TL	籽粒产量 GY	单穗粒重 PW	千粒重 TGW	生物产量 BM	单株重 BP	含糖量 SC
A1	0.46	-0.30	29.12	-0.16	-0.02	0.14	3.22	-0.03	0.70	4.63	30.37	0.31
A2	-1.46	-2.00	13.85	-0.14	-0.01	0.03	-1.25	3.73	0.75	-0.43	6.74	0.11
A3	5.06	4.50	20.37	1.09	-0.02	-0.01	5.93	-3.30	-2.72	7.63	46.36	1.15
A4	-2.40	-2.90	-6.65	0.52	-0.07	-0.09	-8.11	1.60	1.68	-9.12	-93.45	-0.94
A5	2.48	3.90	-12.15	1.19	-0.02	0.17	1.46	-6.61	-3.19	-0.58	11.61	-0.86
A6	1.46	3.70	-12.96	1.17	0.09	-0.09	4.21	4.46	-0.76	5.17	35.83	0.18
A7	-4.46	-4.40	-19.67	-0.89	-0.05	-0.11	-8.11	-0.27	0.82	-10.18	-81.35	0.20
A8	-1.15	-2.50	-11.92	-2.77	0.10	-0.04	2.65	0.41	2.73	2.87	43.89	-0.16
R1	0.79	0.70	18.98	0.54	0.00	-0.12	2.70	0.25	0.62	1.55	9.84	1.55
R2	-0.19	-1.10	75.33	-2.25	-0.04	-0.11	1.14	4.98	-0.84	-0.33	3.69	1.26
R3	-0.65	-1.30	4.41	0.59	-0.09	0.01	-0.16	-5.30	-0.15	-2.02	9.37	-0.34
R4	0.13	-0.60	0.29	1.71	0.04	-0.07	4.26	14.65	2.24	4.09	30.98	1.01
R5	-0.65	0.60	-49.46	-0.33	0.11	-0.02	-4.42	-1.08	0.11	-4.16	-37.20	-0.07
R6	2.94	5.20	-40.40	0.32	0.05	0.13	-0.88	-7.45	-0.17	0.95	2.38	0.27
R7	-1.04	-0.70	-34.11	-0.98	0.01	0.03	-2.03	-2.77	-0.62	-1.64	-20.21	-2.64
R8	-1.33	-2.90	24.96	0.40	-0.08	0.15	-0.57	-3.29	-1.19	1.55	1.15	-1.03

极值 Extremum	至开花日数 FD	生育期 GD	株高 PH	穗长 PL	茎粗 SD	分蘖 TL	籽粒产量 GY	单穗粒重 PW	千粒重 TGW	生物产量 BM	单株重 BP	含糖量 SC
最大值 Maximum	9.56	7.80	102.16	3.07	0.15	0.61	12.22	25.75	6.06	12.41	269.50	3.81
最小值 Minimum	-7.94	-6.90	-70.67	-4.93	-0.20	-0.31	-16.69	-32.75	-6.84	-14.53	-218.40	-4.93

配合力 Combining ability	单株重 BP	籽粒产量 GY	单穗粒重 PW	生物产量 BM	株高 PH	穗长 PL	千粒重 TGW	茎粗 SD	生育期 GD	至开花日数 FD	分蘖 TL	含糖量 SC
一般配合力 GCA	55.79**	71.73**	49.99**	48.36**	3.10	34.19**	32.65**	4.23	8.78	2.66	42.71**	70.02**
特殊配合力 SCA	61.83**	39.66**	49.94**	59.16**	6.82	44.46**	46.26**	8.78	52.44**	30.56*	54.57**	76.43**