全株玉米青贮饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合 杂交羊生产性能的比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在国家大力推进“粮改饲”的背景下,研究以全株玉米青贮为基础的全混合日粮（total mixed ration, TMR）饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合杂交羊,对其生长性能、屠宰性能和经济效益的影响,为推进全株玉米青贮应用和肉羊健康养殖提供理论支持。方法以尼龙袋法对全株玉米青贮前后的营养成分和瘤胃降解性进行评价;饲养试验中选择4个不同品种的3月龄断奶健康公羔羊各30只,体重相近（27.6 ± 1.7）kg,以品种差异分为4个处理,分别是小尾寒羊（SH）,“杜泊×小尾寒羊”杂交F₁（DH）,“蒙古羊×小尾寒羊”杂交F₁（MH）和“杜泊×洼地绵羊”杂交F₁（DW）,每处理3个重复,每重复10只羊,饲喂以全株玉米青贮为基础的TMR,精粗比25:75。预试期10 d,正试期80 d,进行生长性能和屠宰性能的测定。结果与青贮前相比,青贮后粗蛋白质含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,DM含量、有机物（OM）含量和瘤胃降解参数的快速降解部分（a 值）显著提高（P<0.01）,NDF含量、ADF含量和有效降解率显著降低（P<0.001）。生产性能方面,不同组合杂交羊比小尾寒羊DMI有增加的趋势（0.05<P<0.1）;杜寒和杜洼杂交羊ADG、FCR、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率和胴体净肉率显著高于小尾寒羊（P<0.05）。经济效益方面,各处理的饲料成本无显著差异（P>0.05）,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊净肉增重、产肉效益和生产利润显著高于小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊（P<0.01）。结论全株玉米青贮适宜作为肉羊育肥TMR主要饲料来源,不同品种的肉羊均表现出良好的生产性能。其中,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊的生产性能和经济效益均优于小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊,而小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊生产性能无显著差异。由此,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊更适合作为黄淮海农区肉羊育肥品种。

关键词: 全株玉米青贮, 小尾寒羊, 杂交羊, 生长性能, 屠宰性能, 生产利润

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the total mixed ration (TMR) based on the whole-plant corn silage on the production performance and economic profit of fattening sheep of different varieties and therefore offer theoretical support to the application of the whole-plant corn silage and healthy sheep production. 【Method】 Nutritional composition and rumen degradation characteristics of the whole-plant corn before and after ensiling were evaluated by in Sacco method. Four varieties of 3-month-old healthy male lambs (breast-milk weaned) with similar body weight (27.6±1.7) kg, were selected. There were the following four treatments accordingly: Small-Tail Han (SH), “Dorper×Small-Tail Han” F₁ (DH), “Mongolia×Han” F₁ (MH) and “Dorper×Wadi” F₁ (DW). Each treatment had 30 lambs, which were divided into 3 replications. Forage to concentrate ratio of TMR is 25:75. There was an adaptation period of 10 days followed by an experimental period of 80 days, measuring the growth performance and slaughtering performance. 【Result】 Comparing to the whole-plant corn before ensiling, the silage did not have different content of crude protein (CP) (P>0.05) but owned greater DM, OM and rapidly degraded fraction (a) (P<0.01) and lower NDF, ADF and effective degradation rate (ED) (P<0.001). There was a tendency of higher DMI with hybrid sheep than with SH (0.05<P<0.1). The average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, neat weight, dressing percentage, neat percentage and neat percentage expressed in relation to carcass weight of DH and DW sheep were significantly higher than those of SH sheep (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed cost among all groups (P>0.05). The net meat gain, meat production efficiency and economic profit of DH and DW sheep were significantly higher than those of SH and MH sheep (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The whole-plant corn silage was suitable for use as the main feed source of TMR for fattening sheep, and all different breeds of sheep showed an expected production performance. The DH and DW hybrid sheep had a higher production performance and economic profit than that of SH sheep and MH hybrid sheep. However, there was no difference in production between SH and MH crossbred sheep. Therefore, DH and DW hybrid sheep were more suitable as fattening breeds in Huang-Huai-Hai farming area.

Key words: whole-crop corn silage, Small-Tail Han sheep, hybrid sheep, growth performance, carcass characteristics, production profit

张洁, 张晨, 张崇玉, 曲绪仙, 战汪涛, 杨景晁, 王英楠, 张桂国. 全株玉米青贮饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合杂交羊生产性能的比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(10): 2004-2012.

Jie ZHANG, Chen ZHANG, ChongYu ZHANG, XuXian QU, WangTao ZHAN, JingChao YANG, YingNan WANG, GuiGuo ZHANG. Study on Production Performance of Small-Tail Han Sheep and Different Combinations of Hybrid Sheep Fed Whole-Plant Corn Silage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(10): 2004-2012.

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原料 Ingredients	含量 Content	营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾	含量 Content
全株玉米青贮 Whole-plant corn silage	45.00	代谢能 ME/(MJ·kg^-1)	9.91
花生秧 Peanut vine	30.00	干物质 DM	32.36
玉米 Corn	16.86	粗蛋白质 CP	11.95
小麦麸 Wheat bran	2.16	粗脂肪 EE	2.71
豆粕 Soybean meal	4.32	中性洗涤纤维NDF	41.92
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.43	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	27.87
碳酸氢钠 NaHCO₃	0.43	粗灰分 Ash	11.23
食盐 NaCl	0.43	钙 Ca	0.63
预混料 Premix¹⁾	0.37	总磷 TP	0.32
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	全株玉米 Whole-plant corn	全株玉米青贮 Whole-plant corn silage	SEM	P值 P-value
干物质 DM	27.87b	30.01a	0.48	P<0.001
有机物 OM	93.19b	93.92a	0.48	P<0.001
粗蛋白质 CP	8.76	8.70	0.07	0.661
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	45.98a	43.19b	0.63	P<0.001
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	24.01a	20.11b	0.88	P<0.001
DM降解参数 Ruminal degradation parameter of DM
a¹⁾（%）	34.16b	34.81a	0.15	0.002
b²⁾（%）	36.44a	24.84b	0.15	P<0.001
c³⁾/(%·h^-1)	0.026b	0.039a	0.002	P<0.001
ED⁴⁾（%）	50.92a	48.62b	0.54	P<0.001

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	SH	DH	DW	MH	SEM	P值 P-value
初始体重 Initial body weight (kg)	29.3	26.2	26.9	28.0	0.5	0.100
终末体重 Final body weigh (kg)	49.9	49.8	49.4	46.9	0.6	0.355
干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	1.27b	1.38a	1.28ab	1.22ab	0.02	0.056
平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	257bc	302a	290ab	228c	9	0.004
饲料转化率 FCR	4.92b	4.56c	4.41c	5.36a	0.11	P<0.001

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	SH	DH	DW	MH	SEM	P值 P-value
宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter(kg)	46.3	47.9	48.6	46.5	0.4	0.128
胴体重 Carcass weight (kg)	22.6b	26.0a	25.9a	22.6b	0.5	P<0.001
净肉重 Neat weight (kg)	17.1b	21.0a	20.9a	17.6b	0.5	P<0.001
屠宰率 Dressing percentage（%）	48.80b	54.38a	53.34a	48.64b	0.81	0.006
净肉率 Neat percentage（%）	36.81b	43.82a	42.90a	37.79b	0.86	P<0.001
胴体净肉率 NPc（%）	75.51b	80.54a	80.40a	77.68ab	0.68	0.008

项目 Items¹⁾	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items¹⁾	SH	DH	DW	MH	SEM	P值 P-value
体增重 Body weight gain (kg)	20.6ab	23.5a	23.1a	18.9b	0.7	0.034
净肉增重 Net meat gain (kg)	7.6b	10.3a	9.9a	7.1b	0.4	0.001
饲粮成本 Feed cost (元/只)	88.25	93.29	88.61	88.17	1.96	0.777
产肉效益 Meat production efficiency (元/只)	393.50b	534.34a	513.75a	370.51b	22.02	0.001
生产利润 Production profit (元)	305.25b	441.05a	425.14a	282.34b	20.88	P<0.001
生产利润比较Production profits comparison (元)	0.00b	135.8a	119.89a	-22.91b	20.80	P<0.001
每增重1 kg饲料成本 Feed costs for each increment of 1 kg body weight (元/kg)²⁾
粗料 Roughage	1.87b	1.73c	1.67c	2.04a	0.04	P<0.001
精料 Concentrate	2.41b	2.24c	2.16c	2.63a	0.05	P<0.001
合计 Total	4.28b	3.97c	3.83c	4.66a	0.09	P<0.001
饲料成本比较 Comparison of feed cost	0.00b	-0.31c	-0.44c	0.38a	0.09	P<0.001