基于90K芯片标记的小麦芒长QTL定位

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】麦芒对小麦的抗逆性以及穗部光合等方面具有重要影响。研究旨在挖掘控制芒长的主效QTL及与其紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记，为全基因组分子标记辅助选择育种、近等基因系的构建、候选基因的筛选以及基因克隆提供依据。【方法】以小偃81/周8425B、小偃81/西农1376这2个组合的F₉代RIL群体（分别含有102个和120个家系）为作图群体，利用覆盖小麦21条染色体组的90K标记构建2个遗传连锁图谱，于2016年10月至2017年6月将这2个F₉群体衍生的F_9﹕10群体分别种植在陕西杨凌、河南南阳和河南驻马店，小麦蜡熟期对芒长进行表型鉴定，用完备区间模型和多环境的联合分析对此性状进行QTL定位。【结果】构建了覆盖小麦21条染色体的2张遗传图谱，图谱长度分别为4 412.14和4 281.67 cM，平均遗传距离为分别为2.65和2.31 cM。2个连锁图谱的连锁标记数表明，90K标记在小麦基因组A、B和D间分布不均衡，但均表现为B基因组的标记数＞A基因组的标记数＞D基因组的标记数。对于2个连锁图谱的公共标记而言D基因组公共标记最少，从侧面反映出D基因组具有较高的保守性。2个RIL群体在陕西杨凌、河南南阳和河南驻马店3个环境下共检测到6个控制芒长的QTL。其中主效位点Qal5A-1在2个群体3种环境下都能被检测到，属于环境钝感QTL，表型变异贡献率变幅为46.01%—79.82%，对芒长具有强烈的抑制作用，加性效应来自短芒亲本小偃81，该主效QTL位点被定位在5A染色体末端，与分子标记RAC875_c8121_1147紧密连锁。另外Qal6B-1、Qal1B-1、Qal3B-1、Qal2D-1和Qal2D-2这5个QTL，分别被定位在6B、1B、3B、和2D染色体上，其表型变异的贡献率分别为1.39%、3.66%、3.93%、5.53%和3.51%，为微效QTL。小偃81/周8425B组合的RIL群体共检测的2个QTL，其中1个主效位点Qal5A-1和1个微效QTL位点Qal6B-1，2个QTL表型变异的贡献率总和为79.91%。小偃81/西农1376组合的RIL群体检测出5个QTL，1个主效位点Qal5A-1和4个微效位点Qal1B-1、Qal3B-1、Qal2D-1和Qal2D-2，5个QTL表型变异的贡献率总和为63.96%。多环境的联合分析得到了6个QTL，其互作效应的表型变异贡献率都远低于加性效应的表型变异贡献率，说明QTL与环境间的互作不是影响芒长的主要因素；加性效应值在不同的环境下近似相等，进一步表明这6个QTL在3个环境间有着稳定的遗传效应。【结论】2个群体检测到1个主效位点Qal5A-1，此位点能够稳定表达且与分子标记RAC875_c8121_1147紧密连锁，表型变异贡献率46.01%—79.82%，对芒长具有较强的抑制作用。

关键词: 小麦, 芒长, 90K芯片, QTL, 连锁图谱

Abstract: 【Objective】The awn has a significant influence on stress resistance and spikes photosynthetic characteristics in wheat. The objective of this study is to explore the principal-effect QTLs which control the stable expression of awn and their close chain or total separation of molecular markers, and to provide evidences for molecular marker assisted breeding, constructing near-isogenic line, screening candidate gene and cloning novel genes.【Method】Two F₉ RIL (recombinant inbred lines) populations derived from XY81/Z8425B and XY81/XN1376 were used as drawing population, and two linkage maps were constructed by using 90K array which covering 21 chromosomes of wheat, and the two F_9﹕10 families which including 102 and 120 lines, respectively, were used for the identification of field traits. The two F9:10 families were planted in Yangling District (Shaanxi Province), Nanyang City (Henan Province) and Zhumadian City (Henan Province) from October 2016 to June 2017, respectively. The phenotypic data of awn length of two populations were used to detect QTLs by using the complete interval mapping and multi-environment joint analysis at the ripening stage.【Result】Two genetic maps covering 21 chromosomes of wheat were constructed, the total length of map was 4 412.14 and 4 281.67 cM, respectively. And the average genetic distance was 2.65 and 2.31 cM, respectively. The number of linkage markers in the two linkage maps indicated that the 90K marker was unevenly distributed in wheat genomes A, B and D, but was all expressed as the number of markers in genome B＞that in genome A＞that in genome D. The common marker of D genome was the least for the common markers of two linkage maps, and it indirectly reflected that the D genome was highly conserved. Six QTLs were found in two RIL populations from Yangling District (Shaanxi Province), Nanyang City (Henan Province) and Zhumadian City (Henan Province). The major QTL, Qal5A-1, showed a strong stability in two populations under three environments and was belonged to environment-insensitive QTL. The phenotypic variance explained by Qal5A-1 ranged from 46.01% to 79.82%. It showed inhibitory effects on awn length, and the additive effects came from parent Xiaoyan 81. This major QTL was mapped at the end of chromosome 5A and was closely linked to the molecular marker RAC875_c8121_1147. The phenotypic variance explained by 5 QTLs, including Qal6B-1, Qal1B-1, Qal3B-1, Qal2D-1 and Qal2D-2, were 1.39%, 3.66%, 3.93%, 5.53% and 3.51%, respectively, which were micro-effect QTLs. Two QTLs were found in the RIL group derived from XY81/Z8425B, including one major OTL Qal5A-1 and one micro-effect QTL Qal6B-1, the two loci explained the phenotypic variance was 79.91%. Five QTLs were found in the RIL group derived from XY81/XN1376, including one major OTL Qal5A-1 and four micro-effect QTLs Qal1B-1, Qal3B-1, Qal2D-1 and Qal2D-2, the five loci explained the phenotypic variance was 63.96%. Six QTLs were obtained by multi-environment analysis, and the contribution rate of phenotypic variation of their interaction effects was much lower than that of additive effect, which indicated that the interaction between QTL and environment was not the main factor of influencing awn length. The additive effect values were approximately equal in different environments, further indicating that these six QTLs had a stable genetic effect among the three environments. 【Conclusion】The dominant QTL, Qal5A-1, was detected in two groups. It can be stably expressed and closely linked to the molecular marker RAC875_c8121_1147. It explains the phenotypic variance from 46.01% to 79.82%, which has a strong inhibitory effect on awn length.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, awn length, 90K array, QTL, linkage map

张传量，简俊涛，冯洁，崔紫霞，许小宛，孙道杰. 基于90K芯片标记的小麦芒长QTL定位[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(1): 17-25.

ZHANG ChuanLiang, JIAN JunTao, FENG Jie, CUI ZiXia, XU XiaoWan, SUN DaoJie. QTL Identification for Awn Length Based on 90K Array Mapping in Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 17-25.

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