水分胁迫对不同抗旱性砧木嫁接番茄生长发育及水气交换参数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】干旱是威胁农业生产的主要气象因素，合理利用作物抗旱种质资源是生物节水的重要内容。通过研究水分胁迫对不同抗旱性砧木嫁接番茄生长发育及水气交换参数的影响，探讨番茄采用抗旱性砧木进行嫁接栽培实现生物节水的可行性。【方法】试验采用裂区设计，主区为番茄嫁接苗处理，分别为接穗‘金棚1号’自根苗（J）、抗旱性强的砧木‘606’嫁接苗（J/T）和水分敏感的砧木‘112’嫁接苗J/S），副区为土壤水分处理，土壤相对含水量分别为80%、60%和40%。番茄采用盆栽称重法控制土壤水分，于植株盛果期测定展开功能叶片的色素、水势及水气交换参数，并计算瞬时水分利用效率，同时分析不同处理的番茄产量及果实品质。【结果】嫁接番茄的产量显著高于自根番茄，尤以抗旱性较强的J/T嫁接苗为高，抗旱性较弱的J/S嫁接苗次之，二者单株产量分别比J自根苗高17.50%、11.00%；果实纵经、横经、硬度、Vc和番茄红素含量也均以J/T显著高于J和J/S。抗旱性不同的J/T、J/S嫁接番茄叶片色素含量、光合速率、叶片水势、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均显著高于J，13﹕00时，嫁接苗J/T、J/S的水分利用效率分别比自根苗J高15.16%和7.52%，J/T显著高于J/S。不同土壤含水量下番茄产量存在显著差异，表现为80%＞60%＞40%，而果实品质指标如可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C和番茄红素等品质指标则相反；随干旱胁迫程度的增加，嫁接番茄的增产效果愈加明显，且以J/T表现优于J/S，二者在土壤相对含水量80%条件下，分别较自根苗J增产7.47%和4.71%，而在40%条件下增产率分别达38.04%和22.35%；番茄叶片色素含量、光合速率、叶片水势及蒸腾速率均随水分胁迫加剧而显著降低；水分利用效率则以土壤含水量60%的处理较高，40%和80%较低。【结论】采用抗旱性较强的番茄砧木‘606’进行嫁接栽培，其果实产量较高，品质较好，叶片光合速率及叶片水分利用效率等均较高，特别在水分胁迫条件下表现尤为突出，说明采用抗旱性较强的砧木进行番茄嫁接栽培，可以在一定程度上实现生物节水的目标。

关键词: 番茄, 嫁接, 抗旱砧木, 产量, 品质, 水分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】The threat of drought is a main meteorological factor of agricultural production and rational use of the crops of drought resistant germplasm resources is an important element of biological water saving. This paper aims to study the effect of water stress on the growth and development, water potential and gas exchange parameters of tomato leaves grafted with 2 different drought resistance rootstocks and to investigate the feasibility of biological water saving of tomato via grafting on drought resistant rootstocks.【Method】The experimental was designed by the split plot, the main plot was a grafting treatment composed of the ungrafted tomato of ‘Jinpeng 1’(J), the grafted tomato of ‘606’ (J/T) with drought-tolerant rootstock and‘112’ (J/S) with drought-sensitive rootstock, and the subplot was a soil moisture treatment composed of 80%, 60% and 40% soil relative water content. Pot weighing method was adopted to control soil moisture of tomato. At the flourishing period of tomato plant, the expand functional leaves pigment, water potential and water-gas exchange parameters were determined and the instantaneous water use efficiency was calculated, simultaneously, the yield and fruit quality of tomato in different treatments were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the yield of grafted tomato was significantly higher than the ungrafted tomato and the yields of J/T and J/S were 17.50% and 11.00% higher than J. Simultaneously, the vertical diameter, transverse diameter, firmness, content of vitamin C and lycopene of tomato fruit of J/T were significantly higher than J and J/S. The content of tomato leave pigments, photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of J/T and J/S with different drought resistance were also significantly higher than J, and at 13:00 the water use efficiency of grafted treatment J/T and J/S were higher than ungrafted J by 15.16% and 7.52%, J/T was also significantly higher than J/S. The yield of tomato showed a significant difference under different soil moisture contents which showed an order of 80%＞60%＞40%, while the fruit quality indicators such as soluble solid, soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene are contrary to the yield. With drought stress increased, the yield increase of grafted tomatoes was even more obvious. And J/T outperformed J/S, and the yield was 7.47%, 4.71% higher than ungrafted J, respectively, under the condition of the soil relative water content of 80%, and under the condition of 40% of water content, the yield increase rate was up to 38.04% and 22.35%. The contents of tomato leave pigments, photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential and transpiration rate were decreased as the water stress increased. The water use efficiency in 60% soil moisture treatment was higher than that in 40% and 80% soil moisture treatments. 【Conclusion】 Results of the experiment demonstrated that when tomato grafted with drought-tolerant rootstock ‘606’, its fruit yield was higher, fruit quality was better and the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were also higher, and especially prominent under water stress conditions. It was concluded that the possible way to realize biological water saving to a certain extent for tomato is grafting with drought-tolerant rootstock.

Key words: tomato, grafting, drought-tolerant rootstock, yield, quality, water use efficiency

张志焕，韩敏，张逸，王允，刘灿玉，曹逼力，徐坤. 水分胁迫对不同抗旱性砧木嫁接番茄生长发育及水气交换参数的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(2): 391-398.

ZHANG ZhiHuan, HAN Min, ZHANG Yi, WANG Yun, LIU CanYu, CAO BiLi, XU Kun. Effect of Water Stress on Development and H₂O and CO₂ Exchange in Leaves of Tomato Grafted with Different Drought Resistant Rootstocks[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2): 391-398.

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