近15年黄土高原植被物候时空变化特征分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】黄土高原处于从湿润向干旱过渡、从森林向草原过渡、从农业向牧业过渡的地区，是中国气候变化与农业发展的敏感地带，针对此区域的地表植被覆盖物候特征研究，对于该地区农业生产、环境保护和生态建设具有重要的指示意义。通过分析不同时间序列、不同海拔高度与水热条件下植被物候趋势的差异，以期为黄土高原当前的农业生态环境建设与可持续发展提供有用的理论支撑与决策依据。【方法】基于1998—2012年SPOT VEGETATION旬值NDVI数据，并结合谐波分析法、线性趋势等方法对黄土高原各年植被物候特征值进行了确定，并分析了物候的变化趋势。【结果】（1）1998—2012年，生长季始期平均每年提前0.9 d。生长季末期平均每年推迟约0.8 d。在生长季始期提前和末期推迟的作用下，生长季长度平均每年延长1.7 d。（2）黄土高原水热组合直接影响植被物候的空间差异性，植被生长的限制性气温为9℃，限制性降水分别为475 mm与540 mm，限制性海拔为1 750 m。（3）植被生长季长度趋势与海拔和气温的空间偏相关系数分别为0.0591和0.0139，与降水的空间偏相关系数为-0.0174，三要素与生长季始期趋势的相关程度较与生长季末期趋势强。【结论】黄土高原植被物候特征趋势明显且稳定的区域主要分布在陕北高原与晋中北山地区。西北部干旱区荒漠草原区，物候变化主要受气温控制。半干旱地区农业与草原区，物候变化主要受到降水量控制。汾渭盆地农业区，物候变化受水热共同作用。水热的差异对秦巴山地阔叶林区植被物候的影响不明显。海拔对黄土高原植被物候变化趋势上的影响不明显。生长季长度趋势在生长季始期和生长季末期的共同作用下随海拔和气温的增加的延长趋势增强，随降水增加的缩短趋势增强。同种植被物候趋势随海拔、降水、气温的变化特征具有一致性，生长季始期的变化特征对于植被生长季长度变化影响较生长季末期强。

关键词: 植被覆盖, 生长季, 谐波分析, 傅里叶插值, 黄土高原

Abstract: 【Objective】The Loess plateau is in the transitional region from wetness to dryness, from forest to grassland, from farming to animal husbandry, being the sensitive zone in climate change and agricultural development in China, the research on phenological feature of surface vegetation coverage in the region is of directive significance to agricultural production, environmental protection and ecological construction. Analysis of difference in phenological trends of vegetation in different time series and altitudes and hydrothermal conditions shall offer theoretical support and decision basis for current agricultural ecological environment improvement and sustainable development on loess plateau.【Method】Phenological feature values of vegetation on Loess Plateau every year were determined and phenological change trend was analyzed based on NDVI of ten-day values of SPOT VEGETATION from 1998 to 2012 and combined with harmonic analysis method and linear trend method.【Result】(1) From 1998 to 2012, the start of growing season advanced by 0.9 d on average every year and the end of growing season delayed by about 0.8 d on average every year, the length of growing season every year extended by 1.7 d on average under the joint action of advance at the start of growing season and delay at the end of growing season. (2) Hydrothermal condition on Loess Plateau has an immediate impact on phenological difference, the restrictive temperature for vegetation growth is 9℃，with the restrictive precipitation of 475 mm and 540 mm, respectively and restrictive altitude of 1 750 m. (3) The spatial partial correlation coefficients between the length trend of growing season of vegetation and altitude and air temperature are 0.0591and 0.0139 respectively, the spatial partial correlation coefficients between the length trend of growing season of vegetation and precipitation is -0.0174, therefore, the degree of correlation between three factors and the trend at the start of growing season is higher than that at the end of growing season.【Conclusion】The zones showing a significant and stable trend of phenological feature of vegetation on loess plateau are primarily distributed on plateau in the north of Shaanxi and Beishan in the middle of Shanxi. The phenological change in arid area and desert and grassland area in northwest is mainly subject to control by air temperature. The phenological change in semi-arid area and farming and grassland areas is mainly subject to control by precipitation. The phenological change in agricultural area in Fenwei Basin is subject to hydrothermal condition. Difference in hydrothermal condition has an insignificant impact on vegetation phenology in broad leaved forest zone. Altitude has an insignificant impact on change trend of vegetation phenology on loess plateau. The extension trend of growing season is on the increase with the increase of altitude and air temperature under the joint action of the start and end of growing reason, the shortening trend of growing season is on the increase with the increase of precipitation, the change characteristics of the same type of vegetations in terms of phenological trend based on the change of altitude, precipitation and air temperature are consistent, the change characteristics at the start of growing season have a greater influence on length change of growing season compared with that at the end of growing season.

Key words: vegetation coverage, growth season, harmonic analysis, Fourier interpolation, loess plateau

李强，张翀，任志远. 近15年黄土高原植被物候时空变化特征分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(22): 4352-4365.

LI Qiang, ZHANG Chong, REN Zhi-yuan. Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Vegetation Phenology in the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(22): 4352-4365.

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